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| ==Commercial failures== | |||
| A '''commercial failure''' is a ] that does not reach expectations of success, failing to come even close. A major flop goes one step further and is recognized for its complete lack of success. | |||
| Most of the items listed below had high expectations, significant financial investments, and/or widespread publicity, but fell far short of success. Obviously, due to the subjective nature of "success" and "meeting expectations", there can be disagreement about what constitutes a "major flop." | |||
| *For a list of miscellaneous commercial product and service failures, see ]. | |||
| *For flops in computer and video gaming, see ]. | |||
| <!-- *For flops within the automotive industry, see ]. --> | |||
| *For flops concerning ], see ]. | |||
| *For ]-related flops, see ]. | |||
| *For ]al commercial failures, see ]. | |||
| *For company failures related to the 1997–2001 ], see ]. | |||
| *See also ]. | |||
Revision as of 18:27, 14 October 2006
For other senses of this word, see Failure (disambiguation).Failure (or flop) in general refers to the state or condition of not meeting a desirable or intended objective. It may be viewed as the opposite of success.
Criteria for failure
The criteria for failure are heavily dependent on context of use, and may be relative to a particular observer or belief system. A situation considered to be a failure by one might be considered a success by another, particularly in cases of direct competition or a zero-sum game. As well, the degree of success or failure in a situation may be differently viewed by distinct observers or participants, such that a situation that one considers to be a failure, another might consider to be a success, a qualified success or a neutral situation.
It may also be difficult or impossible to ascertain whether a situation meets criteria for failure or success due to ambiguous or ill-defined definition of those criteria. Finding useful and effective criteria, or heuristics, to judge the success or failure of a situation may itself be a significant task.
Other failures
- For military disasters, see List of military disasters
- For events that were highly anticipated but either did not happen or turned out to be disappointing, see Non-event.
- For flops in entertainment, see List of flops in entertainment.
- For flops in sports, see List of sports flops.
References
- Lansdowne, Bridget L.M. BOOM, BUST, BANG!: A History of American Failures. Staskin Mellville-Organization Press, 2004. ISBN ?.
- Charles Perrow, Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies, New Tork: Basic Books, 1984. Paperback reprint, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-691-00412-9
- Sandage, Scott A. Born Losers: A History of Failure in America. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2005. ISBN 067401510X, ISBN 067402107X.
See also
- Cascading failure
- Debugging
- Failure analysis
- Failure rate
- Failure mode
- Murphy's law
- New product development
- Non-event
- Power outage
- Product
- Product management
- Single point of failure
- Structural failure
- Tensile strength
- White elephant
- System accident
- Miserable Failure, a political google bomb against the current president of the United States of America, George W. Bush
External links
- Critical spare parts
- Failure magazine
- On Entreprenurial Failure
- Designing Building Failures
- Success with Failure, Comic strip featuring the ups and downs (mostly the latter) of IT consulting