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The Trump–Russia dossier is a private intelligence dossier of 17 memos that were consecutively written from June to December 2016 by former MI6 intelligence officer Christopher Steele. Allegations have been made and confirmed that this dossier was a fabrication paid for by the DNC in order to thwart Trump's campaign and gain access to FISA approval for unlawful access into trumps inner circle. Documents have been unclassified to prove these alligations and the Democrats are under investigation for falsifying claims, and colluding with the FBI, CIA, DOJ and the Obama administration to fram Trump for a potential collusion scandle. Confirmations of these aligations have also shThe memos allege that Russia has been cultivating a relationship with Donald Trump for decades, that the Kremlin favored Trump in the U.S. presidential election, and took various actions during the 2016 election to promote his candidacy and oppose Hillary Clinton's. The document claims that several of Trump's associates, in particular campaign manager Paul Manafort, Trump's personal attorney Michael D. Cohen, and Trump foreign policy advisor Carter Page, worked with Russian contacts to promote Trump's candidacy. Alleged activities include planning the hack of Democratic National Committee emails and their subsequent leaking, arranging coverups and cash payments, and promising favorable policies toward Russia if Trump was elected. The document also claims that Russian operators possessed compromising information about Trump which could make him subject to blackmail. Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin have repeatedly denied the allegations.

The dossier contains multiple allegations, some of which have been confirmed, while others have yet to be proved or disproved. Some claims may require access to classified information for verification. The media, intelligence community, as well as most experts have treated the dossier with caution, while Trump himself denounced the report as "fake news". In February 2017, some details related to conversations between foreign nationals were independently verified. As of December 2017, the dossier is "uncorroborated but not disproved".

Cultivation, conspiracy, and cooperation

• Allegation: That "the Russian authorities had been cultivating and supporting US Republican presidential candidate, Donald Trump for at least 5 years" and "that the Trump operation was both supported and directed by Russian President Vladimir Putin."

• Commentary: Although the dossier alleges (in June 2016) that the Kremlin had been cultivating Trump for "at least five years", investigative journalist Luke Harding has written that they had been interested in him since his first visit to Russia in 1987. Harding also asserts that "The top level of the Soviet diplomatic service arranged his 1987 Moscow visit. With assistance from the KGB... The spy chief wanted KGB staff abroad to recruit more Americans." Harding then gives a detailed description of the process of cultivation used by the KGB. He posits that the KGB may have opened a file on Trump as early as 1977, when he married Ivana Trump (née Zelníčková), and that they were closely observed and analyzed from that time on.

• Allegation: That an "established operational liaison between the TRUMP team and the Kremlin... an intelligence exchange had been running between them for at least eight years. Within this context PUTIN's priority requirement had been for intelligence on the activities, business and otherwise, in the US of leading Russian oligarchs and their families. TRUMP and his associates duly had obtained and supplied the Kremlin with this information."

• Allegation: That there was a "well-developed conspiracy of co-operation between and the Russian leadership" to defeat "Democratic presidential candidate Hillary CLINTON", and that there was a "Kremlin campaign to aid TRUMP and damage CLINTON".

• Denial: Trump and Putin have repeatedly denied the allegations.

Key roles of Manafort, Cohen, and Page

• Allegation: That "the Republican candidate's campaign manager, Paul MANAFORT" had "managed" the "well-developed conspiracy of co-operation between and the Russian leadership", and that he used "foreign policy advisor, Carter PAGE, and others as intermediaries".

• Denial: "Manafort has denied taking part in any collusion with the Russian state, but registered himself as a foreign agent retroactively after it was revealed his firm received more than $17m working as a lobbyist for a pro-Russian Ukrainian party."

• Allegation: That Trump's personal lawyer, Michael Cohen, played a critical role in the Trump–Russia relationship by arranging cover-ups and deniable cash payments.

• Allegation: That Trump's foreign policy adviser, Carter Page, had "conceived and promoted" the idea of leaking the stolen DNC emails to WikiLeaks during the 2016 Democratic National Convention, "to swing supporters of Bernie SANDERS away from Hillary CLINTON and across to TRUMP".

• Allegation: That Carter Page was instrumental in making a deal for Trump of a 19% stake (ca. $11 billion) in Rosneft oil company in exchange for Trump lifting sanctions after his election.

Why Kremlin backed Trump and opposed Clinton

• Allegation: That "TRUMP was viewed as divisive in disrupting the whole US political system; anti-Establishment; and a pragmatist with whom they could do business. As the TRUMP support operation had gained momentum, control of it had passed from the MFA to the FSB and then into the presidential administration where it remained, a reflection of its growing significance over time. There was still a view in the Kremlin that TRUMP would continue as a (divisive) political force even if he lost the presidency and may run for and be elected to another public office."

• Commentary: According to Aiko Stevenson, some of Trump's actions seem to align with "Putin’s wish list", which "includes lifting sanctions on Russia, turning a blind eye towards its aggressive efforts in the Ukraine, and creating a divisive rift amongst western allies." Trump has "called Nato, the centrepiece of Transatlantic security 'obsolete', championed the disintegration of the EU, and said that he is open to lifting sanctions on Moscow."

• Allegation: That "PUTIN motivated by fear and hatred of Hillary CLINTON".

Kompromat on Trump and Clinton

• Allegation: That kompromat exists on Trump in the form of blackmailable behavior.

• Commentary: Luke Harding has posited that the KGB may have opened a file on Trump as early as 1977 when he married Ivana Trump.

• Allegation: That Putin ordered the keeping of a secret dossier on Hillary Clinton. It dated back to the time of the Clinton presidency and was comprised mainly of eavesdropped conversations, some from bugging devices and others from phone intercepts. It did not contain "details/evidence of unorthodox or embarrassing behavior", but focused more on "things she had said which contradicted her current positions on various issues". It had been collated by the FSB and was managed by Dmitry Peskov, Putin's press secretary.

Blackmailable behavior by Trump

• Allegation: That Trump was compromised with the blackmailable acts of paying bribes and engaging in "perverted sexual acts" in Russia.

• Allegation: That Trump "hated" Obama so much that he hired the Presidential suite of the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Moscow and had prostitutes perform a "golden showers" show in front of him in order to defile the bed used by President and Mrs. Obama on a previous visit. The incident was reportedly secretly filmed and recorded by the FSB for potential blackmail.

• Denial: Trump has denied this allegation. Trump's longtime bodyguard Keith Schiller "privately testified that he rejected an offer by a Russian individual to send five women to then private-citizen Trump's hotel room during their 2013 trip to Moscow," stating that "he took the offer as a joke ... and Trump laughed it off." However, Schiller could not account for what happened after he left Trump's hotel room that evening, just after the conversation.

• Allegation: That "our separate sources also described 'unorthodox' and embarrassing behavior by Trump over the years" that could be used for blackmail.

• Allegation: That Trump had explored the real estate sectors in St Petersburg and Moscow, "but in the end Trump had had to settle for the use of extensive sexual services there from local prostitutes rather than business success".

• Denial: Trump has denied this allegation, telling James Comey that he "had not been involved with hookers in Russia, and had always assumed he was being recorded when in Russia."

Activated blackmail threat

• Allegation: That the Kremlin has enough "embarrassing material" (kompromat) on Trump "to be able to blackmail him if they so wished", but it has "promised not to use 'kompromat'...as leverage, given high levels of voluntary co-operation forthcoming from his team".

• Commentary: It was because Christopher Steele believed that Trump was actually being blackmailed that he became "very concerned about whether this represented a national security threat". This concern led him to go to the FBI with his initial findings in early July 2016. Luke Harding states that "Steele was shocked by the extent of collusion his sources were reporting." Steele told friends: "For anyone who reads it, this is a life-changing experience." He felt that what he had unearthed "was something of huge significance, way above party politics". Howard Blum described Steele's rationale for becoming a whistleblower: "The greater good trumps all other concerns." Steele was so "alarmed" by his findings, that he showed them to FBI agents in Rome in early July. Their reaction was "shock and horror". Glenn R. Simpson of Fusion GPS later revealed that "Steele severed his contacts with the FBI before the election following disclosures that the bureau’s inquiry had found no connection between Trump campaign and Russia and concerns that it was being 'manipulated for political ends by the Trump people'."

DNC email hack

• Allegation: That "Trump’s team secretly plotted the DNC hack with Russian agents. It claims that key figures in Trump’s entourage – his personal lawyer Michael Cohen and former foreign policy aide Carter Page – were involved in the conspiracy. Other names implicated include Paul Manafort, a former campaign manager."

• Allegation: That the operation had been done with the full knowledge and support of Trump and senior members of his campaign team.

• Allegation: That Russia was responsible for the DNC email hacks and the recent appearance of the stolen DNC e-mails on WikiLeaks. The reason for using WikiLeaks was "plausible deniability".

• Allegation: That Trump's foreign policy adviser Carter Page had "conceived and promoted" the idea that the DNC emails to WikiLeaks should be leaked during the Democratic convention, “to swing supporters of Bernie Sanders away from Hillary Clinton and across to Trump".

• Allegation: That "Trump literally paid for them with his foreign policy platform" by dropping "Russian intervention in Ukraine as a campaign issue".

• Allegation: That the hacking of the DNC servers was performed by Romanian hackers ultimately controlled by Putin and paid by both Trump and Putin.

• Allegation: That Trump's personal attorney, Michael Cohen, had a secret meeting with Kremlin officials in Prague in August 2016, where he arranged "deniable cash payments" to the hackers and sought "to cover up all traces of the hacking operation", as well as "cover up ties between Trump and Russia, including Manafort's involvement in Ukraine".

• Denial: Trump and Cohen have denied the allegations. Cohen said that between August 23 and August 29 he was in Los Angeles and in New York for the entire month of September. According to a Czech intelligence source, there is no record of him entering Prague by plane, but Respekt magazine pointed out that he could have entered by car or train from a neighboring country in the Schengen Zone.

Kickbacks and quid pro quo agreements

• Allegation: That former Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych, who had requested Russian military intervention in Ukraine before he fled to Russia in 2014, told Putin he had been making supposedly "untraceable" "kickback payments" to Paul Manafort, who was Trump's campaign manager at the time.

• Allegation: That the Trump campaign engaged in a "Ukraine-WikiLeaks quid pro quo" agreement "to sideline Russian intervention in Ukraine as a campaign issue" in exchange for Russia leaking the stolen DNC emails to WikiLeaks.

• Commentary: Business Insider described and NPR reported that: "Diana Denman, a Republican delegate who supported arming U.S. allies in Ukraine, has told people that Trump aide J.D. Gordon said at the Republican Convention in 2016 that Trump directed him to support weakening that position in the official platform." Luke Harding considers this allegation to have been confirmed by the actions of the Trump campaign: "This is precisely what happened at the Republican National Convention last July, when language on the US's commitment to Ukraine was mysteriously softened. Meanwhile, in a series of tweets, Trump questioned whether US allies were paying enough into Nato coffers."

• Allegation: That Carter Page was instrumental in making a deal for Trump of a 19% stake (ca. $11 billion) in Rosneft oil company in exchange for Trump lifting the sanctions imposed on Russia after his election. Page confirmed, on Trump's "full authority", that this was Trump's intent.

• Commentary: This deal has been described by Rolf Mowatt-Larssen in Newsweek as a quid pro quo deal that "colloquially, if not in the legal sense,... is called treason". In Paste Magazine, Jacob Weindling described this deal as a "potential scandal so big, words don't exist to convey it." He further stated: "I want to take a moment to stress this potential revelation. In exchange for dropping sanctions that were levied for invading an ally , the president of the United States would receive a personal stake in a Russian oil company. Treason doesn't even begin to describe it."

Russian spy involved in election operation

• Allegation: "A leading Russian diplomat, Mikhail KULAGIN, had been withdrawn from Washington at short notice because Moscow feared his heavy involvement in the US presidential election operation… would be exposed in the media there."

• Commentary: Paul Wood noted, that besides the spelling error (it's actually "Kalugin"), this actually happened. Kalugin worked at the Russian Embassy in Washington, DC, and, according to the Russian Foreign Ministry, he was "head of the embassy's economics section". He was under scrutiny by the FBI and considered a "spy under diplomatic cover". He left the USA in August 2016. McClatchy reported that Kalugin was "under scrutiny when he departed... an important figure in the inquiry into how Russia bankrolled the email hacking of top Democrats and took other measures to defeat Hillary Clinton and help Donald Trump capture the White House."

• Denial: Kalugin has denied the allegation.

• Confirmation status: Confirmed. "ive months later, it emerged that he had left the embassy in August 2016. McClatchy reported he was under investigation for his role in Russia's interference in the campaign. The BBC reported that the US had identified Kalugin as a spy."

See also

• Cyberwarfare by Russia
• Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations
• Foreign electoral intervention
• Links between Trump associates and Russian officials
• Russian espionage in the United States
• Special Counsel investigation (2017–present)
• The Plot to Hack America
• Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections
• Trump: The Kremlin Candidate?

References

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50. Dossier: "Rosneft President was so keen to lift personal and corporate western sanctions imposed on the company, that he offered PAGE/TRUMP’s associates the brokerage of up to a 19 per cent (privatised) stake in Rosneft in return. PAGE had expressed interest and confirmed that were TRUMP elected US president, then sanctions on Russia would be lifted....lthough PAGE had not stated it explicitly to SECHIN, he had clearly implied that in terms of his comment on TRUMP’s intention to lift Russian sanctions if elected president, he was speaking with the Republican candidate’s full authority."
51. Bertrand, Natasha (January 27, 2017). "Memos: CEO of Russia's state oil company offered Trump adviser, allies a cut of huge deal if sanctions were lifted". Business Insider. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
52. Tracy, Abigail (November 7, 2017). "Is Carter Page Digging the Trump Administration's Grave? Three things the former campaign adviser revealed to Congress that should scare the White House". Vanity Fair. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
53. Roazen, Ben (February 21, 2017). "What Else Does the Donald Trump–Russia Dossier Tell Us?". GQ. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
54. Mowatt-Larssen, Rolf (June 20, 2017). "Have the Russians compromised Trump?". Newsweek. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
55. ^ Hall, Kevin G; Stone, Peter; Gordon, Greg; Goldstein, David (February 15, 2017). "Russian diplomat under U.S. scrutiny in election meddling speaks". McClatchy Washington Bureau. Retrieved January 27, 2018.

Further reading

• Harding, Luke (November 19, 2017). "The Hidden History of Trump's First Trip to Moscow". Politico Magazine (an excerpt of his book Collusion).
• Harding, Luke (November 16, 2017). Collusion: Secret Meetings, Dirty Money, and How Russia Helped Donald Trump Win. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0525520931.

• 2017 controversies in the United States
• 2017 in American politics
• Allegations
• Controversies of the United States presidential election, 2016
• Donald Trump controversies
• Espionage scandals and incidents
• Foreign influence in national elections
• Media-related controversies in the United States
• Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections
• Russia–United Kingdom relations
• Russia–United States relations
• United Kingdom–United States relations