| Revision as of 07:25, 26 May 2018 editWereSpielChequers (talk | contribs)Bureaucrats, Administrators342,647 editsm →EMT Devices: Typo fixing, replaced: the the → the using AWB← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 02:10, 4 June 2018 edit undoJytdog (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers187,951 edits merging to Radionics per discussionTag: New redirect | ||
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| {{About|use of ] in ]|use in mainstream medicine|electrotherapy}} | |||
| '''Electromagnetic therapy (EMT)''' is a form of ] which claims to treat disease by applying ] (EMR) to the body from an electrically powered device. It is similar to ] which also applies EMR to the body, but using a magnet that generates a static electromagnetic field.<ref name="acs"/><ref>{{cite journal|pmid=17577213|year=2007|last1=Gordon|first1=GA|title=Designed electromagnetic pulsed therapy: Clinical applications|volume=212|issue=3|pages=579–82|doi=10.1002/jcp.21025|journal=]}}</ref> | |||
| Several ] have shown EMT is not a useful therapy and falls into the category of ].<ref name="Basford" /> | |||
| {{Energy therapy}} | |||
| == Claims == | |||
| Proponents of EMT claim that where there is an imbalance of ] within the body, that it causes diseases or other illnesses by disrupting the body's chemical makeup. These practitioners believe that applications of electromagnetic energy from outside the body can correct these imbalances.<ref name="acs" /> | |||
| Like ], electromagnetic therapy has been proposed by practitioners of ] for a variety of purposes, including, according to the ], "ulcers, headaches, burns, chronic pain, nerve disorders, spinal cord injuries, diabetes, gum infections, asthma, bronchitis, arthritis, cerebral palsy, heart disease, and ]."<ref name="acs" /> | |||
| == Efficacy == | |||
| These claims are not supported by evidence and are ].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Stollznow|first1=K.|authorlink=Karen Stollznow|title=Hard (Pseudo) Science: The Second Coming of the VIBE Machine|journal=]|date=29 March 2011 |url=https://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/show/hard_pseudo_science_the_second_coming_of_the_vibe_machine|accessdate=16 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mielczarek|first1=E. V.|last2=Araujo|first2=D. C.|title=Power Lines and Cancer, Distant Healing and Health Care: Magnetism Misrepresented and Misunderstood|journal=Skeptical Inquirer|date=June 2011|volume=35|issue=3|url=https://www.csicop.org/si/show/power_lines_and_cancer_distant_healing_and_health_care_magnetism_misreprese|accessdate=16 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="Basford">{{cite journal|year=2001|last1=Basford|first1=Jeffrey R.|title=A historical perspective of the popular use of electric and magnetic therapy|volume=82|issue=9|pages=1261–1269|journal=]|doi=10.1053/apmr.2001.25905|pmid= 11552201}}</ref> Even though some of the early works in ] have been applied in clinical medicine, there is no relationship between alternative devices or methods which use externally applied electrical forces and the use of electromagnetic energy in mainstream medicine.<ref name="acs" /> | |||
| The American Cancer Society says that "relying on electromagnetic treatment alone and avoiding ] may have serious health consequences." In some cases the devices may be ineffective and harmful.<ref name="acs">{{cite book|editor1-last=Russell|editor1-first=Jill|editor2-last=Rovere|editor2-first=Amy|title=American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary & Alternative Cancer Therapies|date=2009|publisher=American Cancer Society|location=Atlanta, Ga.|isbn=978-0944235713|edition=2nd ed.|chapter=Electromagnetic therapy}} See archived online version , last updated April 18, 2011. ] is related; see chapter in ACS book just referenced and on that, last updated November 1, 2008.</ref> | |||
| == Reviews == | |||
| Several ] have shown EMT is not a useful therapy: | |||
| *In 2009 no significant difference from control was found for management of pain or stiffness for ].<ref name="vavken">{{cite journal|last1=Vavken|first1=P.|last2=Arrich|first2=F.|last3=Schuhfried|first3=O.|last4=Dorotka|first4=R.|title=Effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials|journal=Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine|date=May 2009|volume=41|issue=6|pages=406 - 411|doi=10.2340/16501977-0374|pmid=19479151}}</ref> | |||
| *In 2011 a systematic literature review on the use of ] (PEMT) body mats used in a wide range of conditions found insufficient evidence for them to be recommended and recommended further high‐quality, double‐blind trials.<ref name="hug">{{cite journal|last1=Hug|first1=K.|last2=Röösli|first2=M.|title=Therapeutic effects of whole‐body devices applying pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF): A systematic literature review|journal=]|date=21 September 2011|volume=33|issue=2|pages=95 - 105|doi=10.1002/bem.20703|pmid=21938735}}</ref> | |||
| *In 2014 insufficient for the efficacy of EMT as a therapy for ].<ref name="lim">{{cite journal|last1=Lim|first1=R.|last2=Lee|first2=S. W. H.|last3=Tan|first3=P. Y.|last4=Liong|first4=M. L.|last5=Yuen|first5=K. H.|title=Efficacy of electromagnetic therapy for urinary incontinence: A systematic review|journal=Neurourology and Urodynamics|date=22 September 2014|volume=34|issue=8|pages=713 - 722|doi=10.1002/nau.22672|pmid=25251335}}</ref> | |||
| *In 2014 EMT was found to have no difference from control for stimulation of bone growth in acute ].<ref name="Hannemann">{{cite journal|last1=Hannemann|first1=P. F. W.|last2=Mommers|first2=E. H. H.|last3=Schots|first3=J. P. M.|last4=Brink|first4=P. R. G.|last5=Poeze|first5=M.|title=The effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and pulsed electromagnetic fields bone growth stimulation in acute fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials|journal=Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery|date=August 2014|volume=134|issue=8|pages=1093 - 1106|pmid=24895156}}</ref> | |||
| *In 2015 '']'' found no evidence that EMT was useful in healing ]s<ref name="aziz">{{cite journal|last1=Aziz|first1=Z|last2=Bell-Syer|first2=SE|title=Electromagnetic therapy for treating pressure ulcers.|journal=]|date=3 September 2015|issue=9|pages=CD002930|pmid=26334539|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002930.pub6}}</ref> or ]s.<ref name="aziz2">{{cite journal|last1=Aziz|first1=Z|last2=Cullum|first2=N|title=Electromagnetic therapy for treating venous leg ulcers.|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=2 July 2015|issue=7|pages=CD002933|pmid=26134172|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002933.pub6}}</ref> | |||
| * A 2016 guideline, in addition to reviews in 2016 and 2013, did not find EMT useful for various ].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Côté|first1=P|last2=Wong|first2=JJ|last3=Sutton|first3=D|last4=Shearer|first4=HM|last5=Mior|first5=S|last6=Randhawa|first6=K|last7=Ameis|first7=A|last8=Carroll|first8=LJ|last9=Nordin|first9=M|last10=Yu|first10=H|last11=Lindsay|first11=GM|last12=Southerst|first12=D|last13=Varatharajan|first13=S|last14=Jacobs|first14=C|last15=Stupar|first15=M|last16=Taylor-Vaisey|first16=A|last17=van der Velde|first17=G|last18=Gross|first18=DP|last19=Brison|first19=RJ|last20=Paulden|first20=M|last21=Ammendolia|first21=C|last22=David Cassidy|first22=J|last23=Loisel|first23=P|last24=Marshall|first24=S|last25=Bohay|first25=RN|last26=Stapleton|first26=J|last27=Lacerte|first27=M|last28=Krahn|first28=M|last29=Salhany|first29=R|title=Management of neck pain and associated disorders: A clinical practice guideline from the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration.|journal=]|date=July 2016|volume=25|issue=7|pages=2000-22|doi=10.1007/s00586-016-4467-7|pmid=26984876|display-authors=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Kroeling P, Gross A, Graham N, Burnie SJ, Szeto G, Goldsmith CH, Haines T, Forget M|title=Electrotherapy for neck pain|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=|issue=8|pages=CD004251|year=2013|pmid=23979926|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004251.pub5}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Smart KM, Wand BM, O'Connell NE|title=Physiotherapy for pain and disability in adults with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) types I and II|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2|issue=|pages=CD010853|year=2016|pmid=26905470|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD010853.pub2}}</ref> | |||
| == EMT in History == | |||
| The history of EMT dates back to early ] around 300 BC with the use of ]. Early ] healers like, ], taught that the essence of life was related to the ability to move. On the basis of this association, magnets, and ] such as ], which can cause iron and small bits of cloth and paper to move, have life (souls). These substances were used to provide medical treatments including amber pills to stop ] and magnets to treat arthritis.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Basford|first=Jeffrey R.|date=September 2009|title=A historical perspective of the popular use of electric and magnetic therapy|url=https://www.archives-pmr.org/article/S0003-9993(01)22503-9/fulltext|journal=Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation|language=English|volume=82|issue=9|pages=1261–1269|doi=10.1053/apmr.2001.25905|issn=0003-9993|via=}}</ref> | |||
| In the ] magnets were being used to remove pieces of iron knife blades and arrow heads from wounds. Magnets were also being used to treat baldness, used as an aphrodisiac, purify wounds and treat gout. Theophrastus Bombast von Hohenheim (] 1493-1542) He promoted a “push-pull” theory of disease treatment and, for example, recommended that the south pole of a magnet be held near the head and the north pole near the abdomen of people with epilepsy to “push” and “pull” the disease from the body.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
| ] (1734-1815) believed he could use magnet and magnetic fields to cure ] disease. Around the same time ] (1706-1790) was discovering the basic the principles of ] and experimented with electric shocks as a cure for paralysis. In the 19th century a large number of devices were marketed as electromagnetic but were in reality just magnetic, devices like corsets and hairbrushes. <ref name=":0" /> | |||
| In 1892 the New York Medical Journal published an article about a series of experiments run in ]'s laboratory in New Jersey. The experiments involved exposing samples of living tissue to very strong electromagnetic fields. The investigators reviewed each of their experiments and found that even intense electromagnetic field exposure did not alter physiologic function in any of their circulatory, cellular, neurologic, or respiratory studies. '''The investigators concluded that they were unable to establish either the existence of effects or a physiologic basis for electromagnetic therapy.''' <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Petersen|first=F|last2=Kennelly|first2=AE|date=1982|title=Physiological experiments with magnets at the Edison laboratory|url=|journal=New York medical Journal|volume=56|pages=729-732|via=}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> | |||
| The electromagnetic devices today are more complex and can contain hundreds of magnets arranged in complex patterns of alternating polarity and whilst the technology continues to improve and appear more sophisticated the clinical support continues to be tenuous and conflicting.<ref name=":0" /><gallery> | |||
| File:Magnetite Lodestone.jpg|Magnetite lodestone - some of the earliest magnets used | |||
| File:Faraday's lodestone & coil.png|Example of lodestone being used in early electromagnetic experiments. (]'s Lodestone) | |||
| File:Thales-06.jpg|Thales of Miletus | |||
| File:Paracelsus 1.jpg|Paracelsus | |||
| File:Franz mesmer.jpg|Franz Mesmer | |||
| File:Benjamin Franklin 1767.jpg|Benjamin Franklin | |||
| File:Ebath.png|Example of 19th century advertising for EMT | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| == EMT Devices == | |||
| The FDA has banned some commercially available EMT devices. In 2008 the VIBE machine from Vibe Technologies had a ] that was completed in 2012<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfRes/res.cfm?id=73858|title=Class 1 Device Recall VIBE|website=www.accessdata.fda.gov|access-date=2018-05-18}}</ref> | |||
| Other ineffectual EMT therapy devices that have been marketed include: | |||
| * BioResonance Tumor Therapy", was developed by Martin Keymer and is purported to stimulate the ] to cure cancer<ref name=acs/> | |||
| * "Cell Com System", a device created by Hugo Nielsen that is used on hands and feet to regulate communications between cells in the body<ref name=acs/> | |||
| * "Rife machine", a device created by ], which is also known as frequency therapy or frequency generator and marketed as treating cancer<ref name=acs/> | |||
| * "Zapping Machine", a device created by ], claimed to cure cancer by using low level electrical current to kill parasites within the body that are supposed to cause cancer.<ref name=acs/> | |||
| * "EMP Pad" is a device manufactured by EMPPad, advertised by ], that is claimed to slow ageing, reduce pain, lift depression and stress and tackles cancer<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/pulsed-electromagnetic-field-snake-oil/|title=Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Snake Oil|date=2016-06-08|work=Science-Based Medicine|access-date=2018-05-23|language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
| * "UVLrx" is a device manufactured by UVLrx Therapeutics that provides ] treatment of blood to treat ], ], ] and ] as well as many other conditions<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/brittmariehermes/2016/09/26/uvlrx-therapy-charlatans-medical-devices/#529f4212c5d0|title=UVLrx Therapy Lights Up Charlatans Dealing In Medical Devices|last=Hermes|first=Britt Marie|work=Forbes|access-date=2018-05-23|language=en}}</ref> | |||
| * "ReBuilder" a device manufactured by Rebuilder, is claimed to reverse ](nerve damage) by using tiny electrical signals to wake up nerves.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/recognizing-dubious-health-devices/|title=Recognizing Dubious Health Devices|date=2008-08-20|work=Science-Based Medicine|access-date=2018-05-23|language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
| * "] (EPFX)" is a device manufactured by ] that is claimed to cure cancer as well as other serious conditions by sending electromagnetic frequencies into the body.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/how-one-mans-invention-is-part-of-a-growing-worldwide-scam-that-snares-the-desperately-ill/|title=How one man’s invention is part of a growing worldwide scam that snares the desperately ill|date=2007-11-18|work=The Seattle Times|access-date=2018-05-23|language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
| <gallery> | |||
| File:Oryg rife.jpg|An original Rife machine from 1922 | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| == See also == | |||
| * ] - A term used by EMT proponents | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] - alternative medicine that claims disease can be diagnosed and treated with a kind of energy similar to ] | |||
| * ] - an early inventor of EMT machines | |||
| == References == | |||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| == External Links == | |||
| * - ] M.D via ] | |||
| * - ] M.D via ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
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