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The '''Luby's shooting''', also known as the '''Luby's massacre''', was a ] that took place on October 16, 1991, at a ] in ], United States. The perpetrator, ], drove his Ford Ranger pickup truck through the front window of the restaurant. He quickly shot and killed 23 people, and wounded 27 others. He had a brief shootout with police, refused their orders to surrender, and fatally shot himself. The '''Luby's shooting''', also known as the '''Luby's massacre''', was a ] that took place on October 16, 1991, at a ] in ], ], ]. The perpetrator, ], drove his ] pickup truck through the front window of the restaurant. He quickly shot and killed 23 people, and wounded 27 others. He had a brief shootout with police, refused their orders to surrender, and fatally shot himself.


Ranked at the time as the deadliest ], its death toll was surpassed by that of the ] in April 2007. As of May 2018, this incident ranked as the sixth-deadliest shooting in the US by a single shooter.<ref name=LasVegas100117>{{cite news |date=October 2, 2017 |title=Las Vegas Strip shooting: The worst mass shootings in U.S. history|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/10/02/worst-mass-shootings-u-s-history/722254001|newspaper=USA Today |location= |access-date=October 2, 2017}}</ref> Ranked at the time as the deadliest ], its death toll was surpassed by that of the ] in April 2007. As of May 2018, this incident ranked as the sixth-deadliest shooting in the U.S. by a single shooter.<ref name=LasVegas100117>{{cite news |date=October 2, 2017 |title=Las Vegas Strip shooting: The worst mass shootings in U.S. history|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/10/02/worst-mass-shootings-u-s-history/722254001|newspaper=USA Today |location= |access-date=October 2, 2017}}</ref>


=={{anchor|Killings}}Incident== =={{anchor|Killings}}Incident==
On October 16, 1991, 35-year-old George Hennard, an unemployed man who had been in the ],<ref name=Kennedy-Serrano_p1/> drove a Ford Ranger pickup truck through the plate-glass front window of a ] in ].<ref name=Chin911104>{{cite journal |last=Chin |first=Paula |date=November 4, 1991 |title=A Texas Massacre |url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20111193,00.html |journal=People |publisher=Time Inc. |volume=36 |issue=17 |pages= |doi= |access-date=January 13, 2012 }}</ref> He yelled, "All women of Killeen and ] are vipers! This is what you've done to me and my family! This is what ] did to me... this is payback day!" He then opened fire on the patrons and staff with both a ] ] pistol and a 9mm ] pistol.<ref name=Woodbury911028>{{cite journal |last=Woodbury |first=Richard |date=October 28, 1991 |title=Crime: Ten Minutes in Hell |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,974133,00.html |journal=Time |publisher=Time Inc. |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |access-date=June 24, 2015 |subscription=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Dawson|first1=Carol|title=House of Plenty: The Rise, Fall, and Revival of Luby's Cafeterias|date=1 January 2010|publisher=University of Texas Press|location=Austin, TX|isbn=9780292782341|pages=176–177|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zRezrZ1YZ84C&pg=PA171&lpg=PA171&dq=Georges+Pierre+Hennard&source=bl&ots=ux7T2GtNhM&sig=sOswL-0wUNReXBCSfy-PR7MaxPs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CFUQ6AEwDWoVChMIw8yW_sKcyAIVwwmSCh0f9AS5#v=onepage&q=Georges%20Pierre%20Hennard&f=false}}</ref> He stalked, shot, and killed 23 people, ten of them with single shots to the head, and wounded another 27.<ref name=Chin911104/> It was ], and the cafeteria was unusually crowded with around 150 people.<ref name=Hart-Wood_p1>{{cite news |last1=Hart |first1=Lianne |last2=Wood |first2=Tracy |date=October 17, 1991 |title=23 Shot Dead at Texas Cafeteria |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-10-17/news/mn-740_1_worst-mass |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |page=1 |location= |access-date= }}</ref><ref name=Hayes911017>{{cite news |last=Hayes |first=Thomas C. |date=October 17, 1991 |title=Gunman Kills 22 and Himself in Texas Cafeteria |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/17/us/gunman-kills-22-and-himself-in-texas-cafeteria.html?pagewanted=all |newspaper=] |accessdate=August 15, 2007 }}</ref> At first, bystanders thought the crash was an accident, but Hennard started shooting patrons almost immediately.<ref name=Jankowski111016/> The first victim was veterinarian Michael Griffith.<ref name=Spellman091109>{{cite news |last=Spellman |first=Jim |date=November 9, 2009 |title=Fort Hood attack stirs painful memories for '91 massacre survivor |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/11/08/texas.lubys.shooting.survivor/ |publisher=CNN |location= |access-date=June 23, 2015 }}</ref> Another patron, Tommy Vaughn, threw himself through a rear window, sustaining injuries, but he created an escape route for himself and others.<ref name=Jankowski111016/> On October 16, 1991, 35-year-old ], an unemployed man who had been in the ],<ref name=Kennedy-Serrano_p1/> drove a ] pickup truck through the plate-glass front window of a ] in ], ].<ref name=Chin911104>{{cite journal |last=Chin |first=Paula |date=November 4, 1991 |title=A Texas Massacre |url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20111193,00.html |journal=People |publisher=Time Inc. |volume=36 |issue=17 |pages= |doi= |access-date=January 13, 2012 }}</ref> Hennard yelled, "All women of Killeen and ] are vipers! This is what you've done to me and my family! This is what ] did to me... this is payback day!" He then opened fire on the patrons and staff with both a ] ] pistol and a 9mm ] pistol.<ref name=Woodbury911028>{{cite journal |last=Woodbury |first=Richard |date=October 28, 1991 |title=Crime: Ten Minutes in Hell |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,974133,00.html |journal=Time |publisher=Time Inc. |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |access-date=June 24, 2015 |subscription=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Dawson|first1=Carol|title=House of Plenty: The Rise, Fall, and Revival of Luby's Cafeterias|date=1 January 2010|publisher=University of Texas Press|location=Austin, TX|isbn=9780292782341|pages=176–177|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zRezrZ1YZ84C&pg=PA171&lpg=PA171&dq=Georges+Pierre+Hennard&source=bl&ots=ux7T2GtNhM&sig=sOswL-0wUNReXBCSfy-PR7MaxPs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CFUQ6AEwDWoVChMIw8yW_sKcyAIVwwmSCh0f9AS5#v=onepage&q=Georges%20Pierre%20Hennard&f=false}}</ref> Hennard stalked, shot, and killed 23 people, ten of them with single shots to the head, and wounded another 27.<ref name=Chin911104/>


Hennard reloaded at least three times before police arrived and he had a brief ] with them. Wounded, he retreated to the bathroom. The police repeatedly told Hennard to surrender, but he refused, saying he was going to kill more people. Minutes later, he committed suicide by shooting himself in the head.<ref name=Chin911104/><ref name=Hayes911017/> October 16 was ], and the cafeteria was unusually crowded with around 150 people.<ref name=Hart-Wood_p1>{{cite news |last1=Hart |first1=Lianne |last2=Wood |first2=Tracy |date=October 17, 1991 |title=23 Shot Dead at Texas Cafeteria |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-10-17/news/mn-740_1_worst-mass |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |page=1 |location= |access-date= }}</ref><ref name=Hayes911017>{{cite news |last=Hayes |first=Thomas C. |date=October 17, 1991 |title=Gunman Kills 22 and Himself in Texas Cafeteria |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/17/us/gunman-kills-22-and-himself-in-texas-cafeteria.html?pagewanted=all |newspaper=] |accessdate=August 15, 2007 }}</ref> At first, bystanders thought the crash was an accident, but Hennard started shooting patrons almost immediately.<ref name=Jankowski111016/> The first victim was veterinarian Michael Griffith.<ref name=Spellman091109>{{cite news |last=Spellman |first=Jim |date=November 9, 2009 |title=Fort Hood attack stirs painful memories for '91 massacre survivor |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/11/08/texas.lubys.shooting.survivor/ |publisher=CNN |location= |access-date=June 23, 2015 }}</ref> Another patron, Tommy Vaughn, threw himself through a rear window, sustaining injuries, but he created an escape route for himself and others.<ref name=Jankowski111016/> Hennard reloaded at least three times before police arrived and he engaged in a brief ] with them. Wounded, he retreated to the bathroom. The police repeatedly told Hennard to surrender, but he refused, saying he was going to kill more people. Minutes later, he committed ] by shooting himself in the head.<ref name=Chin911104/><ref name=Hayes911017/>


===Possible motive=== ===Possible motive===
Hennard was described as reclusive and belligerent, with an explosive temper. He had been pushed out of the Merchant Marine because of possession of marijuana. Numerous reports included accounts of Hennard's expressed ].<ref name=Jankowski111016/><ref name=Chin911104/><ref name=Kennedy-Serrano_p1/> An ex-roommate of his said, "He hated blacks, Hispanics, gays. He said women were snakes and always had derogatory remarks about them, especially after fights with his mother".<ref name=Chin911104/> Survivors from the cafeteria said Hennard had passed over men to shoot women. 14 of the 23 people killed were women, as were many of the wounded. He called two of them a ] before shooting them.<ref name=Chin911104/> Hennard was described as reclusive and belligerent, with an explosive temper. He had been pushed out of the Merchant Marine because of possession of marijuana. Numerous reports included accounts of Hennard's expressed ].<ref name=Jankowski111016/><ref name=Chin911104/><ref name=Kennedy-Serrano_p1/> An ex-roommate of his said, "He hated blacks, Hispanics, gays. He said women were snakes and always had derogatory remarks about them, especially after fights with his mother."<ref name=Chin911104/> Survivors from the cafeteria said Hennard had passed over men to shoot women. 14 of the 23 people killed were women, as were many of the wounded. He called two of them a "]" before shooting them.<ref name=Chin911104/>


==Victims== ==Victims==
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'''Georges Pierre Hennard''' was born on October 15, 1956 in ], the son of a Swiss-born ] and a ].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dawson|first1=Carol|title=House of Plenty: The Rise, Fall, and Revival of Luby's Cafeterias|date=1 January 2010|publisher=University of Texas Press|location=Austin, TX|isbn=9780292782341|page=171|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zRezrZ1YZ84C&pg=PA171&lpg=PA171&dq=Georges+Pierre+Hennard&source=bl&ots=ux7T2GtNhM&sig=sOswL-0wUNReXBCSfy-PR7MaxPs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CFUQ6AEwDWoVChMIw8yW_sKcyAIVwwmSCh0f9AS5#v=onepage&q=Georges%20Pierre%20Hennard&f=false|accessdate=29 September 2015}}</ref> He had two younger siblings, Alan and Desiree.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://people.com/archive/a-texas-massacre-vol-36-no-17/|title=A Texas Massacre – Vol. 36 No. 17|date=1991-11-04|website=people.com|language=en-US|access-date=2016-11-04}}</ref> His family later moved to ], where his father worked at the ] near ]. After graduating from ] in 1974, Hennard enlisted in the ] and served for three years, until he was honorably discharged.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/confidential/texas-massacre-eerie-link-movie-fisher-king-article-1.1946961|title=Texas massacre had eerie link to movie 'The Fisher King'|newspaper=NY Daily News|access-date=2016-11-04}}</ref> He later worked as a ], but was dismissed for drug use.<ref name=Kennedy-Serrano_p1>{{cite news |last1=Kennedy |first1=J. Michael |last2=Serrano |first2=Richard A. |date=October 18, 1991 |title=Police May Never Learn What Motivated Gunman: Massacre: Hennard was seen as reclusive, belligerent. Officials are looking into possibility he hated women. |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-10-18/news/mn-455_1_georges-hennard/1 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |page=1 |location= |access-date= }}</ref> '''Georges Pierre Hennard''' was born on October 15, 1956 in ], ], the son of a ]-born ] and a ].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dawson|first1=Carol|title=House of Plenty: The Rise, Fall, and Revival of Luby's Cafeterias|date=1 January 2010|publisher=University of Texas Press|location=Austin, TX|isbn=9780292782341|page=171|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zRezrZ1YZ84C&pg=PA171&lpg=PA171&dq=Georges+Pierre+Hennard&source=bl&ots=ux7T2GtNhM&sig=sOswL-0wUNReXBCSfy-PR7MaxPs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CFUQ6AEwDWoVChMIw8yW_sKcyAIVwwmSCh0f9AS5#v=onepage&q=Georges%20Pierre%20Hennard&f=false|accessdate=29 September 2015}}</ref> He had two younger siblings, Alan and Desiree.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://people.com/archive/a-texas-massacre-vol-36-no-17/|title=A Texas Massacre – Vol. 36 No. 17|date=1991-11-04|website=people.com|language=en-US|access-date=2016-11-04}}</ref> Hennard's family later moved to ], where his father worked at the ] near ]. After graduating from ] in 1974, he enlisted in the ] and served for three years, until he was honorably discharged.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/confidential/texas-massacre-eerie-link-movie-fisher-king-article-1.1946961|title=Texas massacre had eerie link to movie 'The Fisher King'|newspaper=NY Daily News|access-date=2016-11-04}}</ref> Hennard later worked as a ], but was dismissed for drug use.<ref name=Kennedy-Serrano_p1>{{cite news |last1=Kennedy |first1=J. Michael |last2=Serrano |first2=Richard A. |date=October 18, 1991 |title=Police May Never Learn What Motivated Gunman: Massacre: Hennard was seen as reclusive, belligerent. Officials are looking into possibility he hated women. |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-10-18/news/mn-455_1_georges-hennard/1 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |page=1 |location= |access-date= }}</ref>


Early in the investigation of the massacre, the Killeen police chief said that Hennard "had an evident problem with women for some reason".<ref name=Kennedy-Serrano_p1/> After his parents divorced in 1983, his father moved to ], and his mother moved to ]. The ] and ] ] pistols which Hennard used were purchased between February and March 1991 at a gun shop in Henderson. Early in the investigation of the massacre, the Killeen police chief said that Hennard "had an evident problem with women for some reason".<ref name=Kennedy-Serrano_p1/> After his parents divorced in 1983, his father moved to ], and his mother moved to ], ]. The ] and ] ] pistols which Hennard used were purchased between February and March 1991 at a gun shop in Henderson.


Hennard stalked two sisters who lived in his neighborhood prior to the massacre. He sent them a letter, part of which said: "Please give me the satisfaction of some day laughing in the face of all those mostly white treacherous female vipers from those two towns who tried to destroy me and my family".<ref name=Hayes911017/> He also wrote that he was "truly flattered knowing I have two teenage groupie fans".<ref name=Kennedy-Serrano_p2>{{cite news |last1=Kennedy |first1=J. Michael |last2=Serrano |first2=Richard A. |date=October 18, 1991 |title=Police May Never Learn What Motivated Gunman: Massacre: Hennard was seen as reclusive, belligerent. Officials are looking into possibility he hated women. |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-10-18/news/mn-455_1_georges-hennard/2 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |page=2 |location= |access-date= }}</ref> Hennard stalked two sisters who lived in his neighborhood prior to the massacre. He sent them a letter, part of which said: "Please give me the satisfaction of some day laughing in the face of all those mostly white treacherous female vipers from those two towns who tried to destroy me and my family".<ref name=Hayes911017/> He also wrote that he was "truly flattered knowing I have two teenage groupie fans".<ref name=Kennedy-Serrano_p2>{{cite news |last1=Kennedy |first1=J. Michael |last2=Serrano |first2=Richard A. |date=October 18, 1991 |title=Police May Never Learn What Motivated Gunman: Massacre: Hennard was seen as reclusive, belligerent. Officials are looking into possibility he hated women. |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-10-18/news/mn-455_1_georges-hennard/2 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |page=2 |location= |access-date= }}</ref>
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{{see also|Gun laws in Texas}} {{see also|Gun laws in Texas}}
] ]
An anti-crime bill was scheduled for a vote in the ] the day after the massacre. Some of the Hennard victims had been constituents of Representative ], and in response he abandoned his opposition to a gun control provision that was part of the bill.<ref name=Douglas911020>{{cite news |last=Douglas |first=Carlyle C. |date=October 20, 1991 |title=Dead: 23 Texans and 1 Anti-Gun Measure |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE0D91031F933A15753C1A967958260 |newspaper=The New York Times |location= |access-date=March 28, 2008 }}</ref><ref name=Kopel-Killeen>{{cite book |last=Kopel |first=David B. |author-link=Dave Kopel |year=2012 |chapter=Killeen, Texas, Massacre |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeGJH48PT0kC&pg=PT648#v=onepage&q&f=false |editor-last=Carter |editor-first=Gregg Lee |editor-link= |title=Guns in American Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeGJH48PT0kC |volume=2 |edition=2nd |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara, California |page= |pages=648–650 |at= |nopp= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date=|isbn=9780313386718 |oclc= |access-date=June 22, 2015 }}</ref> The provision, which did not pass, would have banned some weapons and magazines like one used by Hennard.<ref name=Douglas911020/> An anti-crime bill was scheduled for a vote in the ] the day after the massacre. Some of the Hennard victims had been constituents of Rep. ], and in response he abandoned his opposition to a ] provision that was part of the bill.<ref name=Douglas911020>{{cite news |last=Douglas |first=Carlyle C. |date=October 20, 1991 |title=Dead: 23 Texans and 1 Anti-Gun Measure |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE0D91031F933A15753C1A967958260 |newspaper=The New York Times |location= |access-date=March 28, 2008 }}</ref><ref name=Kopel-Killeen>{{cite book |last=Kopel |first=David B. |author-link=Dave Kopel |year=2012 |chapter=Killeen, Texas, Massacre |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeGJH48PT0kC&pg=PT648#v=onepage&q&f=false |editor-last=Carter |editor-first=Gregg Lee |editor-link= |title=Guns in American Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QeGJH48PT0kC |volume=2 |edition=2nd |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara, California |page= |pages=648–650 |at= |nopp= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date=|isbn=9780313386718 |oclc= |access-date=June 22, 2015 }}</ref> The provision, which did not pass, would have banned some weapons and magazines like one used by Hennard.<ref name=Douglas911020/>


The Texas State Rifle Association and others preferred that the state allow its citizens to ].<ref name=Douglas911020/> Democratic governor ] vetoed such bills, but in 1995 her Republican successor, ], signed one into force.<ref>{{cite news |last=Duggan |first=Paul |date=March 16, 2000 |title=Gun-Friendly Governor |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/03/16/gun-friendly-governor/1e9fb965-17ea-4abf-a87f-6e9c51b81902/ |newspaper=Washington Post |location= |access-date=June 22, 2015 }}</ref> The law had been campaigned for by ], who was present at the massacre; both of her parents were killed by Hennard. She later testified that she would have liked to have had her gun, but said, "it was a hundred feet away in my car" (she had feared that if she was caught carrying it she might lose her chiropractor's license).<ref name=Kopel-Killeen/> She testified across the country in support of concealed handgun laws, and was elected to the ] in 1996.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=June 19, 2006 |title=National Advisory Committee on Violence Against Women, Biographical Information |url=http://www.justice.gov/archive/ovw/docs/nac_web_bios.pdf |publisher=justice.gov |page=5 |accessdate=February 17, 2011 }}</ref> The Texas State Rifle Association and others preferred that the state allow its citizens to ].<ref name=Douglas911020/> ] ] ] vetoed such bills, but in 1995 her ] successor, ], signed one into force.<ref>{{cite news |last=Duggan |first=Paul |date=March 16, 2000 |title=Gun-Friendly Governor |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/03/16/gun-friendly-governor/1e9fb965-17ea-4abf-a87f-6e9c51b81902/ |newspaper=Washington Post |location= |access-date=June 22, 2015 }}</ref> The law had been campaigned for by ], who was present at the massacre; both of her parents were killed by Hennard. She later testified that she would have liked to have had her gun, but said, "It was a hundred feet away in my car." (She had feared that if she was caught carrying it she might lose her ]'s license).<ref name=Kopel-Killeen/> Hupp testified across the country in support of concealed handgun laws, and was elected to the ] in 1996.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=June 19, 2006 |title=National Advisory Committee on Violence Against Women, Biographical Information |url=http://www.justice.gov/archive/ovw/docs/nac_web_bios.pdf |publisher=justice.gov |page=5 |accessdate=February 17, 2011 }}</ref>

Hupp and another survivor of the shooting recount their experiences in detail in a 2012 episode of '']''.<ref>{{cite web|title=I Survived... - Season 4, Episode 27: Kirby, Suzanna, Raegan|url=http://www.tv.com/shows/i-survived/kirby-suzanna-raegan-2566091/|website=TV.com|accessdate=20 March 2017}}</ref>


A pink granite memorial stands behind the Killeen Community Center with the date of the event and the names of those killed. A pink granite memorial stands behind the Killeen Community Center with the date of the event and the names of those killed.

Revision as of 00:10, 5 June 2018

Luby's Cafeteria Shooting
Location of Killeen, Texas
LocationKilleen, Texas, US
DateOctober 16, 1991
12:39 p.m.–12:51 p.m.
TargetPatrons at Luby's
Attack typeMass shooting, mass murder, murder-suicide, shootout
WeaponsSemi-automatic pistols:
Deaths24 (including the perpetrator)
Injured27 (19 by gunfire)
PerpetratorGeorge Hennard

The Luby's shooting, also known as the Luby's massacre, was a mass shooting that took place on October 16, 1991, at a Luby's Cafeteria in Killeen, Texas, USA. The perpetrator, George Hennard, drove his Ford Ranger pickup truck through the front window of the restaurant. He quickly shot and killed 23 people, and wounded 27 others. He had a brief shootout with police, refused their orders to surrender, and fatally shot himself.

Ranked at the time as the deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history, its death toll was surpassed by that of the Virginia Tech shooting in April 2007. As of May 2018, this incident ranked as the sixth-deadliest shooting in the U.S. by a single shooter.

Incident

On October 16, 1991, 35-year-old George Hennard, an unemployed man who had been in the Merchant Marine, drove a Ford Ranger pickup truck through the plate-glass front window of a Luby's Cafeteria in Killeen, Texas. Hennard yelled, "All women of Killeen and Belton are vipers! This is what you've done to me and my family! This is what Bell County did to me... this is payback day!" He then opened fire on the patrons and staff with both a 9mm Glock 17 pistol and a 9mm Ruger P89 pistol. Hennard stalked, shot, and killed 23 people, ten of them with single shots to the head, and wounded another 27.

October 16 was National Boss's Day, and the cafeteria was unusually crowded with around 150 people. At first, bystanders thought the crash was an accident, but Hennard started shooting patrons almost immediately. The first victim was veterinarian Michael Griffith. Another patron, Tommy Vaughn, threw himself through a rear window, sustaining injuries, but he created an escape route for himself and others. Hennard reloaded at least three times before police arrived and he engaged in a brief shootout with them. Wounded, he retreated to the bathroom. The police repeatedly told Hennard to surrender, but he refused, saying he was going to kill more people. Minutes later, he committed suicide by shooting himself in the head.

Possible motive

Hennard was described as reclusive and belligerent, with an explosive temper. He had been pushed out of the Merchant Marine because of possession of marijuana. Numerous reports included accounts of Hennard's expressed hatred of women. An ex-roommate of his said, "He hated blacks, Hispanics, gays. He said women were snakes and always had derogatory remarks about them, especially after fights with his mother." Survivors from the cafeteria said Hennard had passed over men to shoot women. 14 of the 23 people killed were women, as were many of the wounded. He called two of them a "bitch" before shooting them.

Victims

Murdered in the shooting were:

Name Age Hometown
Patricia Carney 57 Belton
Jimmie Caruthers 48 Austin
Kriemhild Davis 62 Killeen
Steven Dody 43 Copperas Cove/Fort Hood
Al Gratia 71 Copperas Cove
Ursula Gratia 67 Copperas Cove
Debra Gray 33 Copperas Cove
Michael Griffith 48 Copperas Cove
Venice Henehan 70 Metz, Missouri
Clodine Humphrey 63 Marlin
Sylvia King 30 Killeen
Zona Lynn 45 Marlin
Connie Peterson 43 Austin
Ruth Pujol 55 Copperas Cove
Su-Zann Rashott 36 Copperas Cove
John Romero, Jr. 33 Copperas Cove
Thomas Simmons 55 Copperas Cove
Glen Arval Spivey 55 Harker Heights
Nancy Stansbury 44 Harker Heights
Olgica Taylor 45 Waco
James Welsh 75 Waco
Lula Welsh 64 Waco
Juanita Williams 64 Temple

Perpetrator

George Hennard
File:George Hennard.jpgHennard in 1983
Born(1956-10-15)October 15, 1956
Sayre, Pennsylvania
DiedOctober 16, 1991(1991-10-16) (aged 35)
Killeen, Texas
Cause of deathMurder–suicide
OccupationUnemployed

Georges Pierre Hennard was born on October 15, 1956 in Sayre, Pennsylvania, the son of a Swiss-born surgeon and a homemaker. He had two younger siblings, Alan and Desiree. Hennard's family later moved to New Mexico, where his father worked at the White Sands Missile Range near Las Cruces. After graduating from Mayfield High School in 1974, he enlisted in the U.S. Navy and served for three years, until he was honorably discharged. Hennard later worked as a merchant mariner, but was dismissed for drug use.

Early in the investigation of the massacre, the Killeen police chief said that Hennard "had an evident problem with women for some reason". After his parents divorced in 1983, his father moved to Houston, and his mother moved to Henderson, Nevada. The Glock 17 and Ruger P89 9mm pistols which Hennard used were purchased between February and March 1991 at a gun shop in Henderson.

Hennard stalked two sisters who lived in his neighborhood prior to the massacre. He sent them a letter, part of which said: "Please give me the satisfaction of some day laughing in the face of all those mostly white treacherous female vipers from those two towns who tried to destroy me and my family". He also wrote that he was "truly flattered knowing I have two teenage groupie fans".

Aftermath

See also: Gun laws in Texas
The memorial to those killed.

An anti-crime bill was scheduled for a vote in the U.S. House of Representatives the day after the massacre. Some of the Hennard victims had been constituents of Rep. Chet Edwards, and in response he abandoned his opposition to a gun control provision that was part of the bill. The provision, which did not pass, would have banned some weapons and magazines like one used by Hennard.

The Texas State Rifle Association and others preferred that the state allow its citizens to carry concealed weapons. Democratic governor Ann Richards vetoed such bills, but in 1995 her Republican successor, George W. Bush, signed one into force. The law had been campaigned for by Suzanna Hupp, who was present at the massacre; both of her parents were killed by Hennard. She later testified that she would have liked to have had her gun, but said, "It was a hundred feet away in my car." (She had feared that if she was caught carrying it she might lose her chiropractor's license). Hupp testified across the country in support of concealed handgun laws, and was elected to the Texas House of Representatives in 1996.

A pink granite memorial stands behind the Killeen Community Center with the date of the event and the names of those killed.

Present site

The restaurant reopened five months after the massacre, but closed permanently on September 9, 2000. As of 2006, a Chinese-American buffet called "Yank Sing" occupies the location.

See also

References

  1. ^ Jankowski, Philip (October 16, 2011). "Survivors reflect on Oct. 16, 1991, Luby's shooting". Killeen Daily Herald. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
  2. "Las Vegas Strip shooting: The worst mass shootings in U.S. history". USA Today. October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
  3. ^ Kennedy, J. Michael; Serrano, Richard A. (October 18, 1991). "Police May Never Learn What Motivated Gunman: Massacre: Hennard was seen as reclusive, belligerent. Officials are looking into possibility he hated women". Los Angeles Times. p. 1.
  4. ^ Chin, Paula (November 4, 1991). "A Texas Massacre". People. 36 (17). Time Inc. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
  5. Woodbury, Richard (October 28, 1991). "Crime: Ten Minutes in Hell". Time. Time Inc. Retrieved June 24, 2015. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)
  6. Dawson, Carol (1 January 2010). House of Plenty: The Rise, Fall, and Revival of Luby's Cafeterias. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. pp. 176–177. ISBN 9780292782341.
  7. Hart, Lianne; Wood, Tracy (October 17, 1991). "23 Shot Dead at Texas Cafeteria". Los Angeles Times. p. 1.
  8. ^ Hayes, Thomas C. (October 17, 1991). "Gunman Kills 22 and Himself in Texas Cafeteria". The New York Times. Retrieved August 15, 2007.
  9. Spellman, Jim (November 9, 2009). "Fort Hood attack stirs painful memories for '91 massacre survivor". CNN. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
  10. Dawson, Carol (1 January 2010). House of Plenty: The Rise, Fall, and Revival of Luby's Cafeterias. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. p. 171. ISBN 9780292782341. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
  11. "A Texas Massacre – Vol. 36 No. 17". people.com. 1991-11-04. Retrieved 2016-11-04.
  12. "Texas massacre had eerie link to movie 'The Fisher King'". NY Daily News. Retrieved 2016-11-04.
  13. Kennedy, J. Michael; Serrano, Richard A. (October 18, 1991). "Police May Never Learn What Motivated Gunman: Massacre: Hennard was seen as reclusive, belligerent. Officials are looking into possibility he hated women". Los Angeles Times. p. 2.
  14. ^ Douglas, Carlyle C. (October 20, 1991). "Dead: 23 Texans and 1 Anti-Gun Measure". The New York Times. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
  15. ^ Kopel, David B. (2012). "Killeen, Texas, Massacre". In Carter, Gregg Lee (ed.). Guns in American Society. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 648–650. ISBN 9780313386718. Retrieved June 22, 2015. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |nopp= (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
  16. Duggan, Paul (March 16, 2000). "Gun-Friendly Governor". Washington Post. Retrieved June 22, 2015.
  17. "National Advisory Committee on Violence Against Women, Biographical Information" (PDF). justice.gov. June 19, 2006. p. 5. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
  18. "Luby's in Killeen, Texas, site of 1991 massacre, closes its doors". CNN. Associated Press. 2000-09-11. Archived from the original on 2007-04-23. Retrieved 2017-07-15. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  19. Nathan, Robert (October 15, 2006). "Luby's tragedy: 15 years later". Killeen Daily Herald.
  20. Kennedy, J. Michael; Serrano, Richard A. (October 18, 1991). "Police May Never Learn What Motivated Gunman: Massacre: Hennard was seen as reclusive, belligerent. Officials are looking into possibility he hated women". Los Angeles Times. p. 3.

Further reading

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