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|] || D, G || ||align=center| 230 V ||align=center| 50 Hz || |] || D, G || ||align=center| 230 V ||align=center| 50 Hz ||
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|] || D<br />G<br />M ||-<br/>SS&nbsp;145<br />SS&nbsp;472 ||align=center| 230 V ||align=center| 50&nbsp;Hz || |] || C<br />G<br />M ||-<br/>SS&nbsp;145<br />SS&nbsp;472 ||align=center| 230 V ||align=center| 50&nbsp;Hz ||
|- |-
|] || C, E ||STN&nbsp;34&nbsp;4516 ||align=center| 230 V ||align=center| 50&nbsp;Hz || |] || C, E ||STN&nbsp;34&nbsp;4516 ||align=center| 230 V ||align=center| 50&nbsp;Hz ||

Revision as of 09:29, 10 June 2018

For further information on each plug and discussion on the different voltages and frequencies used, see AC power plugs and sockets and Mains electricity.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Mains electricity by country" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Mains electricity by country includes a list of countries and territories, with the plugs, voltages and frequencies they commonly use for providing electrical power to appliances, equipment, and lighting typically found in homes and offices. (For industrial machinery, see Industrial and multiphase power plugs and sockets.) Some countries have different voltage levels for small vs. large appliances, and sometimes different plugs are mandated for different voltage or current levels.

Voltage, frequency, and plug type vary widely, but large regions may use common standards. Physical compatibility of receptacles may not ensure compatibility of voltage, frequency, or connection to earth (ground), including plugs and cords. In some areas, older standards may still exist. Foreign enclaves, extraterritorial government installations, or buildings frequented by tourists may support plugs not otherwise used in a country, for the convenience of travellers.

Main reference source—IEC World Plugs

The International Electrotechnical Commission publishes a web microsite World Plugs which provides the main source for this page, except where other sources are indicated. World Plugs includes some history, a description of plug types, and a list of countries giving the type(s) used and the mains voltage and frequency.

Although useful for quick reference, especially for travellers, IEC World Plugs may not be regarded as totally accurate, as illustrated by the examples in the plugs section below, and errors may exist, such as Indonesia being listed as using both 220 V and 110 V when the Indonesian Standard SPLN 1 clearly states the voltage as 230 V, and the official travel website says "electric power supply is 220 volts in all regions."

Voltages

Voltages in this article are the nominal single-phase supply voltages. Three-phase and industrial loads may have other voltages.

All voltages are root mean square voltage; the peak AC voltage is greater by a factor of √2, and the peak-to-peak voltage greater by a factor of 2√2.

Plugs

Main article: AC power plugs and sockets

The lettering system used here is from World Plugs, which defines the letter names and gives a (not always correct) list of what plug types are used where. The Type N description is of the two variations of Brazilian plug (Brazilian national standard NBR 14136); however, the original plug and socket is defined in IEC 60906-1 and has been adopted as a South African national Standard (SANS 164-2). The Brazilian version is non-compliant with the IEC standard. Not all plugs are included in the letter system; for example, there is no designation for the plug defined by the Thai National Standard TIS116-2549, though some web sites call this "Type O".

Identification guide

Table of mains voltages, frequencies, and plugs

This article is missing information about tolerances that allow compatibility across e.g. 230V and 240V systems. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. (May 2018)
Country
or
territory
Plug type for small electrics National plug standard for small electrics Residential voltage Utility frequency Comments and alternative systems for smaller and larger equipment
Afghanistan C, F 220 V 50 Hz
Albania C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Algeria C, F 230 V 50 Hz
American Samoa A, B, F, I 120 V 60 Hz
Andorra C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Angola C 220 V 50 Hz
Anguilla A 110 V 60 Hz
Antigua and Barbuda A, B 230 V 60 Hz
Argentina C, I 220 V 50 Hz Line/neutral reversed compared to Chinese and Australian/NZ Type I
Armenia C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Aruba A, B, F 127 V 60 Hz
Australia I AS/NZS 3112 230 V 50 Hz Bathrooms may have shaver sockets
Line/neutral reversed compared to Argentinian Type I
Austria C
F
ÖVE-IG/EN 50075
ÖVEÖNORM E 8620
230 V 50 Hz
Azerbaijan C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Bahamas A, B 120 V 60 Hz
Bahrain G 230 V 50 Hz
Bangladesh C, D, G, K 220 V 50 Hz
Barbados A, B 115 V 50 Hz
Belarus C, F 230 V +/-10% (transitioning from separate 220V and 240V systems, as of 1993) 50 Hz
Belgium C, E NBN C 61 112-1 230 V 50 Hz
Belize A, B, G 110 V
220 V
60 Hz
Benin C, E 220 V 50 Hz
Bermuda A, B 120 V 60 Hz
Bhutan C, D, F, G, M 230 V 50 Hz
Bolivia A, C 115 V
230 V
50 Hz
Bosnia and Herzegovina C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Botswana D, G, M 230 V 50 Hz
Brazil C, N NBR 14136 127 V
220 V
60 Hz
British Virgin Islands A, B 110 V 60 Hz
Brunei G 240 V 50 Hz
Bulgaria C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Burkina Faso C, E 220 V 50 Hz
Burundi C, E 220 V 50 Hz
Cambodia A, C, G 230 V 50 Hz
Cameroon C, E 220 V 50 Hz
Canada A, B CSA C22.2 No. 42 120 V 60 Hz Homes are typically provided with 120/240 V split-phase power; NEMA 14-30R and 14-50R receptacles are provided on 240 V circuits for clothes dryers and electric stoves.
Cape Verde C, F 220 V 50 Hz
Caribbean Netherlands

Bonaire
Curaçao

-

A, B
A, B

-

127 V
127 V

-

50 Hz
50 Hz

Bonaire: Sockets for 220-240V European type C plugs are typically available at hotels; some buildings modify voltage, so travellers are advised to check before plugging in.
Cayman Islands A, B 120 V 60 Hz
Central African Republic C, E 220 V 50 Hz
Chad C, D, E, F 220 V 50 Hz
Chile C, L 220 V 50 Hz
China A, C, I GB 1002-2008 &
GB 2099.1‐2008
220 V 50 Hz Line/neutral reversed compared to Argentinian Type I
Colombia A, B 110 V 60 Hz
Comoros C, E 220 V 50 Hz
Congo, Republic of the C, E 230 V 50 Hz
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
C, D, E 220 V 50 Hz
Cook Islands I 240 V 50 Hz
Costa Rica A, B 120 V 60 Hz
Côte d'Ivoire C, E 230 V 50 Hz
Croatia C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Cuba A, B 110 V 60 Hz Modern hotels typically have 220V sockets for European 2-pin plugs (Type C).
Cyprus G 240 V 50 Hz
Czech Republic C, E ČSN 35 4516 230 V 50 Hz
Denmark C
E, F, K
DS/EN 50075
DS 60884-2-D1
230 V 50 Hz
Djibouti C, E 220 V 50 Hz
Dominica D, G 230 V 50 Hz
Dominican Republic A, B 110 V 60 Hz
Ecuador A, B 120 V 60 Hz
Egypt C, F 220 V 50 Hz
El Salvador A, B 115 V 60 Hz
Equatorial Guinea C, E 220 V 50 Hz
Eritrea C, L 230 V 50 Hz
Estonia C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Ethiopia C, E, F, L 220 V 50 Hz
Falkland Islands G 240 V 50 Hz
Faroe Islands C, E, F, K 230 V 50 Hz
Fiji I 240 V 50 Hz
Finland C
F
SFS-EN 50075
SFS 5610
230 V 50 Hz
France C
E
NF EN 50075
NF C 61-314
230 V 50 Hz
French Guiana C, D, E 220 V 50 Hz
French Polynesia A, B, C, E, F 110 V
220 V
60 Hz
60 Hz
Gabon C 220 V 50 Hz
Gambia G 230 V 50 Hz
Georgia C, F 220 V 50 Hz
Germany C
F
DIN VDE 0620
DIN 49441
230 V 50 Hz
Ghana D, G 230 V 50 Hz
Gibraltar C, G 240 V 50 Hz
Greece C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Greenland C, E, F, K 220 V 50 Hz
Grenada G 230 V 50 Hz
Guadeloupe C, D, E 230 V 50 Hz
Guam A, B 110 V 60 Hz
Guatemala A, B 120 V 60 Hz
Guernsey G 230 V 50 Hz
Guinea C, F, K 220 V 50 Hz
Guinea-Bissau C 220 V 50 Hz
Guyana A, B, D, G 110 V
220 V
60 Hz
50 Hz
Conversion of 50 Hz distribution to 60 Hz is ongoing
Haiti A, B 110 V 60 Hz
Honduras A, B 110 V 60 Hz
Hong Kong G
D, M
BS 1363
BS 546
220 V 50 Hz Type G is most common.
Hungary C
F
MSZ EN 50075
MSZ 9781-2
230 V 50 Hz
Iceland C, F 230 V 50 Hz
India C, D, M IS 1293 230 V 50 Hz
Indonesia C, F 220 V 50 Hz
Iran C, F 220 V 50 Hz
Iraq C, D, G 230 V 50 Hz
Ireland G I.S. 401 230 V 50 Hz
Isle of Man G 240 V 50 Hz
Israel C, H, M 230 V 50 Hz Several territories controlled by the PNA also share the same type as the State of Israel.
Italy C
F, L
CEI 23-34
CEI 23-50
230 V 50 Hz Different type L plugs are used for high-current vs. low-current devices
Jamaica A, B 110 V 50 Hz
Japan A, B JIS C 8303 100 V 60 Hz
50 Hz
East Japan 50 Hz (Tokyo, Kawasaki, Sapporo, Yokohama, and Sendai); West Japan 60 Hz (Okinawa, Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe, Nagoya, Hiroshima). 120 V in military facilities in Okinawa. See Energy in Japan for more.
Jersey G 230 V 50 Hz
Jordan B, C, D, F, G, J 230 V 50 Hz
Kazakhstan C, F 220 V 50 Hz
Kenya G 240 V 50 Hz
Kiribati I 240 V 50 Hz
Kosovo
C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Kuwait C, G 240 V 50 Hz
Kyrgyzstan C, F 220 V 50 Hz
Laos C, E, F 230 V 50 Hz
Latvia C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Lebanon A, B, C, D, G 220 V 50 Hz
Lesotho M 220 V 50 Hz
Liberia A, B, C, E, F 120 V
240 V
60 Hz
50 Hz
Libya C, D, F, L 127 V 50 Hz Barca, Benghazi, Derna, Sabha & Tobruk 230 V.
Lithuania C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Liechtenstein C, J 230 V 50 Hz
Luxembourg C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Macau D, F, G, M 230 V 50 Hz
Macedonia C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Madagascar C, D, E, J, K 127 V
220 V
50 Hz
Malawi G 230 V 50 Hz
Malaysia C
G
M
MS 1578:2003
MS 589:PT.1:1997
MS 1577:2003
230 V 50 Hz Type C requires adaptor
Bathrooms may have shaver sockets
Maldives D, G, J, K, L 230 V 50 Hz
Mali C, E 220 V 50 Hz
Malta G 230 V 50 Hz
Martinique C, D, E 220 V 50 Hz
Mauritania C 220 V 50 Hz
Mauritius C, G 230 V 50 Hz
Mexico A, B NMX-J-163-ANCE 127 V 60 Hz
Micronesia A, B 120 V 60 Hz
Moldova C, F 220 V 50 Hz
Monaco C, D, E, F 230 V 50 Hz
Mongolia C, E 220 V 50 Hz
Montenegro C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Montserrat A, B 120 V
230 V
60 Hz
Morocco C, E 127 V
220 V
50 Hz
Mozambique C, F, M 220 V 50 Hz
Myanmar C, D, F, G 230 V 50 Hz
Namibia D, M 220 V 50 Hz
Nauru I 240 V 50 Hz
Nepal C, D, M 230 V 50 Hz
Netherlands C, F EN 50075
NEN 1020
230 V 50 Hz
New Caledonia C, F 220 V 50 Hz
New Zealand I AS/NZS 3112 230 V 50 Hz Line/neutral reversed compared to Argentinian Type I
Nicaragua A, B 120 V 60 Hz
Niger A, B, C, D, E, F 220 V 50 Hz
Nigeria D, G 240 V 50 Hz
North Korea A, C, F 110 V
220 V
60 Hz
50 Hz
Norway C
F
NEK EN 50075
NEK 502
230 V
50 Hz
Oman C, G 240 V 50 Hz
Pakistan C, D, G, M 230 V 50 Hz
Palau A, B 120 V 60 Hz
Panama A, B 110 V
120 V
60 Hz
Papua New Guinea I 240 V 50 Hz
Paraguay C 220 V 50 Hz
Peru A, B, C 220 V 60 Hz Talara 110/220 V; some areas 50 Hz
Philippines A, B, C 230 V 60 Hz
Poland C, E BN-88/3064 230 V 50 Hz
Portugal C, F NP 1260 230 V 50 Hz
Puerto Rico A, B 120 V 60 Hz
Qatar D, G 240 V 50 Hz
Réunion E 220 V 50 Hz
Romania C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Russia C, F 230 V 50 Hz USSR (along with much of Eastern Europe) used GOST sockets with 4.0 mm pins similar to Type C plugs and the 4.8 mm standard used by Type E & F.
Rwanda C, J 230 V 50 Hz
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
G 220-240 V 50 Hz
Saint Martin (French) C, F 220 V 60 Hz
Sint Maarten (Dutch) A, B 120 V 60 Hz
St. Kitts and Nevis A, B, D, G 110 V
230 V
60 Hz
St. Lucia G 240 V 50 Hz
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
E 230 V 50 Hz
St. Vincent and the Grenadines C, E, G, I, K 230 V 50 Hz
Samoa I 230 V 50 Hz
San Marino C, F, L 230 V 50 Hz
São Tomé and Príncipe C, F 220 V 50 Hz
Saudi Arabia G SASO 2203 220 V 60 Hz
Senegal C, D, E, K 230 V 50 Hz
Serbia C
F
JUS N.E3.552
JUS N.E3.553
230 V 50 Hz
Seychelles G 240 V 50 Hz
Sierra Leone D, G 230 V 50 Hz
Singapore C
G
M
-
SS 145
SS 472
230 V 50 Hz
Slovakia C, E STN 34 4516 230 V 50 Hz
Slovenia C, F 230 V 50 Hz
Solomon Islands I, G 220 V 50 Hz
Somalia C 220 V 50 Hz
South Africa C, M, N SANS 164 230 V 50 Hz
South Korea C, F KS C 8305 220 V 60 Hz
Spain C, F UNE 20315 230 V 50 Hz
Sri Lanka D, G, M 230 V 50 Hz
Sudan C, D 230 V 50 Hz
Suriname C, F 127 V 60 Hz
Swaziland M 230 V 50 Hz
Sweden C
F
SS-EN 50075
SS 428 08 34
230 V 50 Hz Bathrooms may have shaver sockets.
Switzerland C, J SN SEV 1011:2009 230 V 50 Hz
Syria C, E, L 220 V 50 Hz
Taiwan A, B 110 V 60 Hz Sockets in older buildings are often unearthed and accept only Type A plugs.
Tajikistan C, F, I 220 V 50 Hz
Tanzania D, G 230 V 50 Hz
Thailand A, B, C, F - 220 V 50 Hz There is also a Thai national standard, TIS 166-2549 (sometimes known as Type O) which may not yet be in common use.
Timor-Leste (East Timor) C, E, F, I 220 V 50 Hz
Togo C 220 V 50 Hz
Tonga I 240 V 50 Hz
Trinidad & Tobago A, B 115 V 60 Hz
Tunisia C, E 230 V 50 Hz
Turkey C, F 220 V 50 Hz
Turkmenistan B, C, F 220 V 50 Hz
Tuvalu I 220 V 50 Hz
Uganda G 240 V 50 Hz
Ukraine C, F 230 V 50 Hz
United Arab Emirates C, G 220 V 50 Hz Type G is most common.
United Kingdom G BS 1363 230 V 50 Hz Bathrooms may have shaver sockets
United States A
B
NEMA 1-15 P
NEMA 5-15 P
120 V 60 Hz NEMA 5-20R outlets, which are similar to type B but have a T-shaped neutral blade, are used for high-current 120V equipment (up to 20 A). Use of split-phase power distribution to breaker panels is common, so high-consumption appliances like electric dryers and stoves can use 240 V circuits, typically with NEMA 14-30 or NEMA 14-50 outlets (or obsolete NEMA 10 outlets). Some commercial and light industrial equipment uses 208 V three-phase power with other NEMA outlets.
US Virgin Islands A
B
NEMA 1-15 P
NEMA 5-15 P
110 V 60 Hz
Uruguay C, F, I, L 230 V 50 Hz
Uzbekistan C,I 220 V 50 Hz
Vanuatu C, G, I 220 V 50 Hz
Venezuela A, B 120 V 60 Hz
Vietnam A, C, G TCVN 6188-1 220 V 50 Hz
Yemen A, D, G 230 V 50 Hz
Zambia C, D, G 230 V 50 Hz
Zimbabwe D, G 220 V 50 Hz
  1. "C" may indicate that buildings have three-pin sockets compatible with Europlugs, which also work with other plug types (such as type E, type F, Thai, and some type H, J, K, L, and N sockets) or that buildings have some or all two-pin European style sockets, similar to CEE 7/1. Not all two-pin European plugs are compatible with all two-pin European sockets; see AC power plugs and sockets § Compatibility.

See also

References

  1. World Plugs. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Retrieved on 2018-06-05.
  2. ^ SPLN 1 : 1995, Standar PLN. "Tegangan-tegangan Standar". Archived from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  3. http://www.indonesia.travel/gb/en/before-you-go
  4. "Universal AC Outlet • Setup Guide" (PDF). Anaheim, CA, USA: Extron Electronics. November 2017. 68-1638-01 Rev. F. Retrieved 2018-05-21.
  5. ^ "IEC - World Plugs: List view by location". Retrieved 2018-06-05.
  6. IEC/TR 60083 ed7.0: Plugs and socket-outlets for domestic and similar general use standardized in member countries of IEC. International Electrotechnical Commission, October 2015. This 421-page technical report describes many national standards for domestic plugs and sockets. The first edition was published in January 1957. The 7th edition was approved in December 2012 and was published on 29th October 2015.
  7. AS60038-2012 Standards AustraliaStandard Voltages
  8. When voltage varies. Electrical connection (2012-10-22). Retrieved on 2014-05-24.
  9. ^ "Standard Voltages". docs.cntd.ru. Document gost-29322-92 via Google Translate: "The nominal voltages of the existing 220/380 and 240/415 V networks should be reduced to the recommended value of 230/400 V. Until 2003, as a first stage, power supply companies in countries with a 220/380 V network should lead the voltage to The value of 230/400 V (GOST 29322-92 (IEC 38-83) Standard voltage%). Electricity supply companies in countries with 240/415 V network should also bring this voltage to the value 230/400 V (GOST 29322-92 (IEC 38-83) Standard voltage%). After 2003, the range of 230/400 V ± 10% should be reached. Then, the issue of reducing the limits will be considered."
  10. Brasil. Decreto n. 41.019, de 26 de fev. de 1957. Regulamenta os serviços de energia elétrica, BR: BR Government, 1957
  11. Brasil. Lei n. 4.454, de 06 de nov. de 1964. Dispõe sobre a unificação de frequência da corrente elétrica no País, BR: BR Government, 1964
  12. CSA Standard C22.2 No. 42-10: General use receptacles, attachment plugs, and similar wiring devices. Mississauga, Ontario: Canadian Standards Association. 2010. p. 1.
  13. CAN3-C235-83: Preferred Voltage Levels for AC Systems, 0 to 50 000 V. Rexdale (Toronto), Ontario: Canadian Standards Association. 1983. p. 9.
  14. C22.1-18: Canadian Electrical Code, Part 1. Toronto, Ontario: Canadian Standards Association. 2018. p. 243.
  15. ^ "Curaçao Utilities". Curaçao Tourist Board. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  16. Cuba: Electricity - TripAdvisor
  17. Dansk Standard. "DS 60884-2-D1:2011 - Plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes - Requirements for Danish systems". webshop.ds.dk.
  18. (PDF)(french) Page 10, Article 9
  19. ^ History of Guyana Power and Light. Gplinc.com. Retrieved on 2014-01-01.
  20. GPL Converting Parts of the City to 60 Hz, retrieved 2009 July 31. Stabroeknews.com (2009-07-10). Retrieved on 2014-01-01.
  21. "Code of Practice for the Electricity (Wiring) Regulations" (PDF). Electrical and Mechanical Services Department. p. 221. Retrieved 28 May 2016.
  22. October 2005. IS 1293 - Indian Standard - PLUGS AND SOCKET-OUTLETS OF RELATED VOLTAGE UP TO AND INCLUDING 250 VOLTS AND RATED CURRENT YP TO AND INCLUDING 16 AMPERES -- SPECIFICATION. Bureau of Indian Standards.
  23. I.S. 401, "Safety requirements for rewirable and non-rewirable 13A fused plugs for normal and rough use having insulating sleeves on line and neutral pins", NSAI (National Standards Authority of Ireland), (1997), Dublin
  24. Standard Conditions of Supply of Electricity. (Macau). Archived from the original 2016-06-03. Retrieved on 2016-04-14
  25. ^ Plug Top/Plug (15 A and below) -Energy Commission of Malaysia. Archived from the original 2015-01-07.
  26. GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRICAL WIRING IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS - 2008 EDITION. www.st.gov.my. Energy Commission of Malaysia.
  27. Voltan Nominal. Malaysian Energy Commission Notice (Nominal Voltage - 2008-01-01). Retrieved on 2014-07-14
  28. ^ Socket Outlet (15 A and below) Archived 2015-01-07 at the Wayback Machine Energy Commission of Malaysia. (MS 1579:2003 is adaptor for Europlugs.)
  29. Dilwyn Jenkins, The Rough Guide to Peru 2003 Rough Guides, ISBN 1-84353-074-0, p. 57
  30. Philippine Electrical Code, section 2.20.1.5 (a)
  31. ГОСТ 7396.1–89 - Plugs (Electrical) and socket-outlets for domestic and similar general use. Standards. Elec.ru (2013-01-30). Retrieved on 2013-02-05.
  32. "Information SEV 1011 – power socket/plug/connector" (PDF). esti.admin.ch (PDF). Federal Inspectorate for Heavy Current Installations ESTI, Swiss Confederation. 1 August 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 2014-08-22. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  33. "New standard for plugs in Switzerland starting from 2013" (PDF) (PDF). Federal Inspectorate for Heavy Current Installations ESTI, Swiss Confederation. 13 May 2011. Retrieved 2014-08-22.
  34. TIS 166-2549 (2006): Thai Industrial Standards for Plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes : plugs and socket-outlets with rated voltage not exceeding 250 V (English translation) Archived from the original 2016-07-07.
  35. TIS 166-2549 (2006) THAI INDUSTRIAL STANDARD - PLUGS AND SOCKET–OUTLETS FOR HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR PURPOSES : PLUGS AND SOCKET–OUTLETS WITH RATED VOLTAGE NOT EXCEEDING 250 V (Original Thai) ISBN 974-9815-94-7
  36. Turkish Electric Plugs & Sockets. Retrieved on 2017-03-26.
  37. ДСТУ ЕN 50160:2014
  38. Mullins, Malcolm (Spring 2006). "The Origin of the BS 1363 Plug and Socket-Outlet System". IEE Wiring Matters. Institute of Electrical Engineers. Retrieved 2016-10-16.
  39. The Electricity Safety, Quality and Continuity Regulations 2002 PART VII Regulation 27, UK: UK Government, 2002
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