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{{Use British English|date=December 2015}} |
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{{Use British English|date=December 2015}} |
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{{Infobox political party |
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{{Infobox political party |
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|name = Rhodesian Front |
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| name = Rhodesian Front |
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| abbreviation = RF |
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| colorcode = {{Rhodesian Front/meta/color}} |
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| colorcode = {{Rhodesian Front/meta/color}} |
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⚫ |
| leader1_title = Historical leader |
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| ideology = ]<br>]<br>] |
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| headquarters = ], ] |
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| international = ''None'' |
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| ⚫ |
| country = Rhodesia |
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| native_name = |
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| leader1_title = President |
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| leader1_name = ] |
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| leader1_name = ] |
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| founded = {{Start date|df=y|1962|3|1}} |
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| leader2_title = Founder |
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| dissolved = {{End date|df=y|1981|06|06}} |
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| leader2_name = ] |
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| founded = {{Start date|1962|3|1}} |
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| ⚫ |
| dissolved = {{End date|1981|06|06}} |
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| successor = ] |
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| successor = ] |
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| predecessor = ]<ref>Mark R Lipschutz & R Kent Rasmussen *(1989) ''Dictionary of African Historical Biography'', University of California Press, p265</ref> |
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| predecessor = ]<ref>{{cite book|last1= Lipschutz|first1=Mark R.|last2=Rasmussen|first2=R. Kent|title=Dictionary of African Historical Biography|editor=University of California Press|date=1989|page=265}}</ref> |
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| position = ] to ] |
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| headquarters = ], ] |
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| ideology = ]<ref>{{cite book|last=Preston|first=Matthew|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=dND1vyuZefwC|title=Ending Civil War: Rhodesia and Lebanon in Perspective|editor=I.B.Tauris|date=2004|page=107}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=West|first=Michael O.|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=epkrt-Y-qOkC|title=The Rise of an African Middle Class: Colonial Zimbabwe, 1898-1965|editor=Indiana University Press|date=2002|page=229}}</ref><br/>]<ref>{{cite book|last=Hume|first=Ian|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=aKVdDwAAQBAJ|title=From the Edge of Empire: A Memoir|editor=Outskirts Press|date=2018|page=149}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Roscoe|first=Adrian|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=EIJ4ZTdc5VYC|title=The Columbia Guide to Central African Literature in English Since 1945|editor=Columbia University Press|date=2007|page=35}}</ref><br/>]<ref>{{cite book|last=Loney|first=Martin|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=Jn50AAAAMAAJ|title=Rhodesia, white racism and imperial response|editor=Penguin|date=1975}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Meredith|first=Martin|url=https://books.google.it/books?id=xXN0AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT426&dq=rhodesian+front+white+rule&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjEspmYp-3bAhXJECwKHWwrBAQQ6AEIODAC#v=onepage&q=rhodesian%20front%20white%20rule&f=false|title=Fortunes of Africa: A 5,000 Year History of Wealth, Greed and Endeavour|editor=Simon and Schuster|date=2014}}</ref> |
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| colours = {{Color box|{{Rhodesian Front/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} {{Color box|#FFFFFF|border=darkgray}} ], ] |
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| position = ] |
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| flag = Flag of the Rhodesian Front.svg{{!}}border |
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| colours = {{Color box|{{Rhodesian Front/meta/color}}|border=darkgray}} ] {{Color box|#FFFFFF|border=darkgray}} ] |
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| flag = ] |
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| country = Rhodesia |
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}} |
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}} |
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{{Politics of Rhodesia}} |
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{{Politics of Rhodesia}} |
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The '''Rhodesian Front''' (RF) was a ] ] in ]<ref name="hsu-luckett-vause">{{cite book|last1=Hsu|first1=Chia Yin|last2=Luckett|first2=Thomas M.|last3=Vause|first3=Erika|title=The Cultural History of Money and Credit: A Global Perspective|date=2015|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=9781498505932|pages=142|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ByLuCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA142|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Onslow">{{cite book|last1=Onslow|first1=Sue|title=Cold War in Southern Africa: White Power, Black Liberation|date=2009|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135219338|page=92|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Xj-MAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA92|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Butler">{{cite book|last1=Butler|first1=L. J.|title=Britain and Empire: Adjusting to a Post-Imperial World|date=2002|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=9781860644481|page=164|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FciqvzTfAuEC&pg=PA164|accessdate=19 February 2017|language=en}}</ref> (or ]) when the country was under ]. Led first by ], and, from 1964, by ], the Rhodesian Front was the successor to the ], which was the main opposition party in Southern Rhodesia during the ] period. The RF was formed in March 1962 by whites opposed to any immediate or short-term transition to black ]. It won power in the ] that December. In successive elections (in which 50 of the 66 parliamentary seats were reserved for A-Roll voters, who had to meet a higher standard of qualifications, increasing the proportion of white Africans who came under this roll) between 1964 and 1979, the RF was returned to office, with a large majority, with Smith as Prime Minister. |
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The '''Rhodesian Front''' was a ] ] in ]<ref name="hsu-luckett-vause">{{cite book|last1=Hsu|first1=Chia Yin|last2=Luckett|first2=Thomas M.|last3=Vause|first3=Erika|title=The Cultural History of Money and Credit: A Global Perspective|date=2015|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=9781498505932|pages=142|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ByLuCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA142|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Onslow">{{cite book|last1=Onslow|first1=Sue|title=Cold War in Southern Africa: White Power, Black Liberation|date=2009|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135219338|page=92|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Xj-MAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA92|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Butler">{{cite book|last1=Butler|first1=L. J.|title=Britain and Empire: Adjusting to a Post-Imperial World|date=2002|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=9781860644481|page=164|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FciqvzTfAuEC&pg=PA164|accessdate=19 February 2017|language=en}}</ref> (or ]) when the country was under ]. Led first by ], and, from 1964, by ], the Rhodesian Front was the successor to the ], which was the main opposition party in Southern Rhodesia during the ] period. The RF was formed in March 1962 by whites opposed to any immediate or short-term transition to black ]. It won power in the ] that December. In successive elections (in which 50 of the 66 parliamentary seats were reserved for A-Roll voters, who had to meet a higher standard of qualifications, increasing the proportion of white Africans who came under this roll) between 1964 and 1979, the RF was returned to office, with a large majority, with Smith as Prime Minister. |
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==History== |
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==History== |
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Following the elections leading to the country's independence in 1980, as the Republic of Zimbabwe, the RF won all 20 parliamentary seats reserved for whites in the power-sharing agreement that it had forged. On June 6, 1981, the party changed its name to the ], and on July 21, 1984 it became the ]. Eleven of its twenty parliamentarians defected over the following four years, but the party again won 15 of the 20 parliamentary seats reserved for whites in the ]. In 1986, the CAZ opened its membership to Zimbabweans of all races.<ref>, '']'', July 23, 1984, p. A5.</ref> In 1987 the ruling government abolished all reserved seats for whites.<ref>, '']'', August 25, 1987</ref> When these were abolished many white MPs became independents or joined the ruling ] party. |
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Following the elections leading to the country's independence in 1980, as the Republic of Zimbabwe, the RF won all 20 parliamentary seats reserved for whites in the power-sharing agreement that it had forged. On June 6, 1981, the party changed its name to the ], and on July 21, 1984 it became the ]. Eleven of its twenty parliamentarians defected over the following four years, but the party again won 15 of the 20 parliamentary seats reserved for whites in the ]. In 1986, the CAZ opened its membership to Zimbabweans of all races.<ref>, '']'', July 23, 1984, p. A5.</ref> In 1987 the ruling government abolished all reserved seats for whites.<ref>, '']'', August 25, 1987</ref> When these were abolished many white MPs became independents or joined the ruling ] party. |
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==Electoral history== |
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===House elections=== |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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! Year |
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! Popular Vote |
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! Percentage |
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! Seats |
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! Government |
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| ''']''' |
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| 38,282 |
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| 54.9% |
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| {{Composition bar|35|65|{{Rhodesian Front/meta/color}}}} |
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| {{yes|RF}} |
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|- |
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| ''']''' |
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| 28,175 |
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| 78.4% |
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| {{Composition bar|50|65|{{Rhodesian Front/meta/color}}}} |
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| {{yes|RF}} |
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|- |
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| ''']''' |
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| 39,066 |
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| 76.8% |
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| {{Composition bar|50|66|{{Rhodesian Front/meta/color}}}} |
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| {{yes|RF}} |
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|- |
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| ''']''' |
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| 55,597 |
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| 77.0% |
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| {{Composition bar|50|66|{{Rhodesian Front/meta/color}}}} |
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| {{yes|RF}} |
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|- |
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| ''']''' |
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| 57,348 |
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| 85.4% |
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| {{Composition bar|50|66|{{Rhodesian Front/meta/color}}}} |
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| {{yes|RF}} |
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|- |
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| ''']''' |
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| 11,613 (White Roll) |
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| 82.0% |
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| {{Composition bar|20|100|{{Rhodesian Front/meta/color}}}} |
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| {{no|UANC}} |
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|- |
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| ''']''' |
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| 13,621 (White Roll) |
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| 83.0% |
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| {{Composition bar|20|100|{{Rhodesian Front/meta/color}}}} |
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| {{no|ZANU}} |
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==See also== |
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==See also== |
The RF had fifteen founding principles, which included the preservation of each racial group's right to maintain its own identity, the preservation of 'proper standards' through a policy of advancement through merit, the maintenance of the Land Apportionment Act, which formalised the racial imbalance in the ownership and distribution of land, opposition to compulsory racial integration, job protection for white workers, and maintenance of the government's right to provide separate amenities for different races.
Following the elections leading to the country's independence in 1980, as the Republic of Zimbabwe, the RF won all 20 parliamentary seats reserved for whites in the power-sharing agreement that it had forged. On June 6, 1981, the party changed its name to the Republican Front, and on July 21, 1984 it became the Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe. Eleven of its twenty parliamentarians defected over the following four years, but the party again won 15 of the 20 parliamentary seats reserved for whites in the 1985 election. In 1986, the CAZ opened its membership to Zimbabweans of all races. In 1987 the ruling government abolished all reserved seats for whites. When these were abolished many white MPs became independents or joined the ruling ZANU party.
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