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The Islamic view of the Bible is a topic in Islamic Christianity studies.
Islamic Biblical exegesis
Muslims tend to the see Bible in the same way they see a Hadith; they believe in some parts of the Bible while rejecting other parts--based on the fact that the New Testament (approximately 15% of the Christian bible) today was not written immediately after Christ's death (in comparison the Koranic verses to Jesus were written some several centuries later). Furthermore, a major part of New Testament Biblical text is written by Paul of Tarsus, who some insist never actually met Jesus. Paul is widely considered to be central to the early development and spread of the Bible, and because of this, many Muslims do not see the Bible in a very respectable light.
The Biblical material is compared to Islamic sources such as Islamic history, Islamic theology, or Islamic science to evaluate the material's authenticity.
Rejected parts
Some parts of the Bible are totally rejected by Islam. They can be compared to a fabricated hadith.
Fabrications posing divine origin
There are some parts of the Bible that Muslim Christianity scholars regard as fabrications posing as Divine Origin.
Muslims believe that divine origin can be either direct, as in God quoted as addressing Moses, or indirectly Jesus, Isaiah, Moses, or some other prophet quoted as giving a revelation.
This includes:
- God instructing Abraham to sacrifice Isaac, while the Qur'an implies Ishmael was the one to be sacrificed.
- God resting after the act of creation, while the Qur'an explicitly reports God not being strained from it.
- Lot offering his daughters to be gang-raped (Genesis 19:8) and later impregnating both of them due to execive alcohol consumption (Genesis 19:30-36), and doing other actions perceived as despicable in the view of Islam, while Muslims in general absolves them from such acts.
Fabricated human testimonies
This includes:
- John reporting that he received a report from a "reliable witness" that saw Jesus being killed by crucifixion, while he himself abandoned his master. The Qur'an reports that it only seemed to people that Jesus was killed on the cross, and those saying otherwise are giving conjecture.
- The end of the revelation of Mark, that is believed to be a fabrication by some Christian Bible scholars.
- 1 John, chapter 5, verse 7, believed to be a fabrication by some Christian Bible scholars.
Pure human creation
This can include:
- Many of the teachings of Paulus.
Poor or deceptive translation
This can include:
- Translating to "Son of God" instead of "Servant of God".
- Translating the Hebrew word "Arab" to "wilderness" instead of "Arabia".
- Deceptive translation of the 3 last lines of Deuteronomy 33:2.
- Translating the Greek word "Parakletos" to "comforter" in reference to what Christians claim is the Holy Ghost, while the word does not have such a conotaition. It means "advocate," as used in reference to Jesus .
Partially accepted parts
Some parts of the Bible are believed to be partially correct. They can be compared to a weak hadith.
They include:
Supported by weak Islamic sources
Supported by Islamic sources that are regarded as weak.
Not Supported in detailed by Islamic sources
Supported Islamic sources that are authentic, but not having the same degree of detail as the Bible reports.
Neutral parts
Not supported in Islamic sources that are regarded as authentic, but are not found objectionable.
Accepted parts
Some parts of the Bible are believed to be authentic. They can be compared to an authentic hadith.
This category contains the parts of the Bible that are perceived to contain Islam; for example, Muslims believe that in Isaiah 42, Muhammad was described. Christians believe that these servant songs referred to the coming Christ.
Muslims believe that in the last sermon of Jesus in the Gospel of John, Muhammad was foretold. Christians usually believe that Jesus was referring to the Holy Spirit.
Biblical prophesy of Muhammad
Certain passages in the Bible have been interpretted by some Islamic scholars as prophetic references to Muhammad. These sections include
- Deuteronomy 18:18
- Mathew 1:18
- Luke 1:35
Mention of Periclytos (English translation commonly "Comforter") in John 14:16, 15:26, 16:7 and John 18:36 have been taken to be prophetic references to Muhammad. Christian scholars, on the other hand, tend to interpret Periclytos as the Holy Spirit.
Similarly, the Spirit of truth mentioned in John 16:12-14 has been interpretted as a prophetic reference to Muhammad.
References
- http://www.answering-christianity.com/bassam_zawadi/prophet_lots_offering.htm
- ^ http://www.quranicstudies.com/article22.html
- ^ Abdus Sattar Ghauri (September 2006). "Muhammad foretold in the Bible: An Introduction" Renaissance 16 (9). ISSN 1606-9382.