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| '''Amendment XIX''' (the '''Nineteenth Amendment''') to the ] provides that neither the individual states of the United States nor its federal government may deny a citizen the right to vote because of the citizen's sex: | |||
| :''The right of citizens in the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.'' | |||
| the nineteeth amendment sucks | |||
| :''Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.'' | |||
| The amendment prohibits both the federal government and the states from using a person's sex as a qualification to vote; it was specifically intended to extend ] to ]. It was proposed on ], ] and ratified on ], ]. | |||
| The amendment was the culmination of the work of many activists in favor of women's suffrage. One such group called the ] protested in front of the ] for 18 months starting in ] to raise awareness of the issue. | |||
| On ], ], President ] announced his support of the amendment. The next day, the ] narrowly passed the amendment but the ] refused to even debate it until October. When the Senate voted on the amendment in October, it failed by two votes. | |||
| In response, the ] urged citizens to vote against anti-suffrage senators up for election in the fall of 1918. After the 1918 ], most members of Congress were pro-suffrage. On ], ], the House of Representatives passed the amendment by a vote of 304 to 89, and 2 weeks later on ], the Senate finally followed, where the amendment passed 56 to 25. | |||
| It was ratified on ], ], upon its ratification by ], the thirty-sixth state to do so. Secretary of State ] certified the ratification on ], ]. | |||
| On ], ], a challenge to the 19th Amendment was rebuffed by the ] in '']''. | |||
| ==Trivia== | |||
| * Unlike the other voting rights amendments (the ], ] and ]), the ] clause was kept in the same section as the granting of the right. The other amendments laid out a separate section for the enforcement clause. This has not, however, had any effect on its interpretation. | |||
| * ] and ] were major campaigners for women's right to vote. They devoted 50 years to the cause. | |||
| * In 1921, ] and many other women's suffragists refused to publicly endorse the enforcement of the Nineteenth Amendment for all women; this policy was targeted at women of colour, who had assisted in bringing about the amendment as well. This policy of racial exclusion typified many feminist moves in the 20th Century. {{fact}} | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| *] | |||
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| ==External links== | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| *Individual states' ratifications of the 19th Amendment: | |||
| ** | |||
| {{US Constitution}} | |||
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Revision as of 22:39, 6 November 2006
the nineteeth amendment sucks