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| {{Distinguish|Robbie Williams}} | |||
| {{about|the American stand-up comedian and actor}} | |||
| {{Use mdy dates|date=August 2018}} | |||
| {{Infobox person | |||
| | name = Robin Williams | |||
| | image = File:Robin Williams Happy Feet premiere.jpg{{!}}border | |||
| | caption = Williams at the '']'' <br />premiere in ] in December 2011 | |||
| | birth_name = Robin McLaurin Williams | |||
| | birth_date = {{birth date|1951|7|21}} | |||
| | birth_place = ], ], U.S. | |||
| | death_date = {{death date and age|2014|8|11|1951|7|21}} | |||
| | death_place = ], U.S. | |||
| | education = ]<br>]<br>] | |||
| | death_cause = ] | |||
| | resting_place = Cremated; ashes scattered in ] | |||
| | occupation = Actor, comedian | |||
| | years_active = 1972–2014 | |||
| | spouse = {{ubl|{{marriage|Valerie Velardi<br />|June 1978|1988|end=div}}|{{marriage|]<br />|April 30, 1989|2010|end=div}}|{{marriage|Susan Schneider<br />|October 22, 2011|<!--See template instructions on ]-->}}}} | |||
| | children = {{plain list| | |||
| 3, including ]<!-- Please do not add the names of the other children until a consensus has been reached on the talk page under the section heading #Including Zachary and Cody in the infobox--> | |||
| }} | |||
| | module = {{Infobox comedian|embed=yes | |||
| | medium = Stand-up comedy, film, television | |||
| | genre = ], ], ], ], ] | |||
| | website = {{cite web |url=http://robinwilliams.com |title=robinwilliams.com |author=<!--Not stated--> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812003649/http://www.robinwilliams.com/|archive-date=August 12, 2014}} | |||
| }} | |||
| }} | |||
| '''Robin McLaurin Williams''' (July 21, 1951 – August 11, 2014) was an American actor and comedian. Born in ], Williams began performing ] in ] and ] in the mid-1970s, and is credited with leading San Francisco's comedy renaissance.<ref name=Nachman/> After rising to fame playing the alien Mork in the sitcom '']'', Williams established a career in both stand-up comedy and feature film acting. He was known for his improvisation skills.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/norm-macdonald-met-robin-williams-funniest-man-world/story?id=24950575|title = When Norm Macdonald Met Robin Williams – 'The Funniest Man in The World'|last = Kahn|first = Mattie|date = August 12, 2014|publisher = ABC News|accessdate = October 19, 2014|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140813070539/http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/norm-macdonald-met-robin-williams-funniest-man-world/story?id=24950575|archivedate = August 13, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bradenton.com/2014/08/11/5298510/robin-williams-funniest-man-alive.html |title=Robin Williams, 'funniest man alive,' dead at 63 |last=Raab |first=Lauren |date=August 11, 2014 |work=The Bradenton Herald |accessdate=October 19, 2014 |agency=Los Angeles Times |last2=Parker |first2=Ryan |last3=Loomis |first3=Nicky |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6TSIUf17i?url=http://www.bradenton.com/2014/08/11/5298510_robin-williams-funniest-man-alive.html?rh=1 |archivedate=October 20, 2014 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> | |||
| After his first starring film role in '']'' (1980), Williams starred in numerous films that achieved critical and financial success, including '']'' (1987), '']'' (1989), '']'' (1992), '']'' (1996), and '']'' (1997). He also starred in widely acclaimed films such as '']'' (1982), '']'' (1984), '']'' (1990), '']'' (1991), '']'' (1998), '']'' (2002), and '']'' (2009), as well as box office hits such as '']'' (1991), '']'' (1993), '']'' (1995) and '']'' (2006). | |||
| Williams was nominated four times for the ], winning once as ] for his performance as psychologist Sean Maguire in ''Good Will Hunting''. He also received two ], seven ]s, two ]s, and four ]s.<!--Please do not change "committed suicide" - See the proposal and discussion on the Talk page first.--> On August 11, 2014, Williams committed suicide in his ] home at the age of 63.<ref name="MartinN"/> His wife attributed his suicide to Williams' struggle with ] disease.<!-- | |||
| THIS CANNOT BE LINKED, because she used the term Lewy body disease, the autopsy used the term ''diffuse Lewy body dementia'' (not a commonly used term) and we can't know whether she/they meant ] (a word she never used), ], or ] which is due to Lewy bodies. | |||
| --><ref name="Neurology">{{cite journal |last1=Schneider Williams|first1=Susan|date=September 27, 2016|title=The terrorist inside my husband's brain|url= http://www.neurology.org/content/87/13/1308.full|journal=]|language=English|volume=87|issue=13|pages=1308–1311|doi=10.1212/WNL.0000000000003162|access-date=October 1, 2016}}</ref> | |||
| <!--NOTE:Talk page has agreed to use "committed suicide", not "died from suicide" or "died by suicide" or any other form--> | |||
| ==Early life== | |||
| Robin McLaurin Williams was born at ]<ref>{{cite web|title=Chicago Native Robin Williams Recalled 'Good Times' Growing Up Here|url=http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/08/11/chicago-native-robin-williams-dead-at-63/|publisher=CBS Local|accessdate=August 18, 2014|date = August 11, 2014|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140812024934/http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2014/08/11/chicago-native-robin-williams-dead-at-63/|archivedate = August 12, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref> in ], on July 21, 1951.<ref name="birth">Sources conflict. The print biographies ''The Life and Humor of Robin Williams: A Biography'' and ''Robin Williams: A Biography'' give his birth year as 1952. ''The Robin Williams Scrapbook'' also gives a birth year as 1952, as does ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Williams refers to himself as being "55" in an interview published July 4, 2007. {{cite news |title=Marriage 101 with Robin Williams |publisher=Canada.com |date=July 4, 2007 |first=Katherine |last=Monk |url=http://www.canada.com/saskatoonstarphoenix/news/lifestyle/news/lifestyle/story.html?id=8b777192-8e77-464d-b8da-0cb90be40901&k=1045 }} He also verifies his date of birth as July 21, 1951 in a fansite interview: Stuurman, Linda. , May 25, 2008.</ref> His father, Robert Fitzgerald Williams, was a senior executive in ]'s ].<ref name="Kornbluth">{{cite news|last1=Kornbluth|first1=Jesse|title=Robin Williams' Change Of Life: Fighting For His Family In His New Film, 'Mrs. Doubtfire,' And In Real Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=axsAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA34|accessdate=August 20, 2014|work=New York Magazine|publisher=K-III Magazine Corporation|date=November 22, 1993|pages=34–41}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Shipman |first=Robert |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/aug/13/genealogy-buffs-find-williams-roots-in-evansville/ |title=Genealogy buffs find Williams' roots in Evansville |publisher=Washington Times |date=August 13, 2014 |accessdate=August 15, 2014|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140814030803/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/aug/13/genealogy-buffs-find-williams-roots-in-evansville/|archivedate = August 14, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref> His mother, Laurie McLaurin, was a former ] from ]; her great-grandfather was Mississippi senator and governor ].<ref name="lauriewilliams">{{cite news|url=http://articles.sfgate.com/2001-09-08/news/17615883_1_christian-science-elvis-impersonator-modeling |title=Laurie Williams – comedian's mother|work=San Francisco Chronicle |date=September 8, 2001 |accessdate=November 25, 2011 |first=Steve |last=Rubenstein|archivedate = October 9, 2014|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20141009141842/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Laurie-Williams-comedian-s-mother-2880676.php|deadurl = no}}</ref> Williams had two elder half-brothers—paternal half-brother Robert<ref>{{cite web | last = McLellan | first = Dennis | url = http://articles.latimes.com/2007/aug/18/local/me-williams18 | title = R. Todd Williams, 69; winery founder, comic's brother |work=] | date = August 18, 2007 |accessdate=February 10, 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20141006142235/http://articles.latimes.com/2007/aug/18/local/me-williams18|archivedate = October 6, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref> (also known as Todd) and maternal half-brother McLaurin.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Donahue|first1=Michael|title=Robin Williams' Half-brother Is An All-out Fan|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-12-25/features/9104250678_1_robin-williams-peter-pan-todd-williams|accessdate=October 20, 2014|work=Chicago Tribune|date=December 25, 1991|agency = Scripps Howard News Service|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140814053727/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-12-25/features/9104250678_1_robin-williams-peter-pan-todd-williams|archivedate = August 14, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref> He had English, Irish, Scottish, Welsh, German, and French ancestry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/anselmjmclaurinl01unit/anselmjmclaurinl01unit_djvu.txt |title=Full text of 'Anselm J. McLaurin (late a senator from Mississippi)' |publisher=Archive.org |year=1911 |accessdate=July 25, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| While his mother was a practitioner of ], Williams was raised in the ] his father belonged to.<ref>{{cite news | last = Gristwood | first = Sarah | title = Bobbin' Robin | url = http://www.chico.mweb.co.za/mg/art/film/9806/980618-robin.html | publisher=Mail & Guardian Online |date=June 18, 1998 |accessdate=December 26, 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061004023437/http://www.chico.mweb.co.za/mg/art/film/9806/980618-robin.html |archivedate = October 4, 2006 |deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Topel | first = Fred | title = Robin Williams on License to Wed | url = http://www.canmag.com/nw/8218-license-to-wed-robin-williams | publisher=CanMag | date=July 3, 2007 |accessdate=December 26, 2007|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20141006122410/http://www.canmag.com/nw/8218-license-to-wed-robin-williams|archivedate = October 6, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref> Williams wrote a list: "Top Ten Reasons to Be an Episcopalian".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saint-augustine.org:80/_sep02/ef0902b.htm|title=Top 10 Reasons to Be an Episcopalian (from a recent HBO special by comedian Robin Williams, who is an Episcopalian)|work=Ebb and Flow|publisher=Saint-augustine.org|accessdate=August 12, 2014|date=September 2002|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030108085527/http://www.saint-augustine.org/_sep02/ef0902b.htm|archivedate=January 8, 2003|deadurl=yes}}</ref>{{Relevance inline|date=September 2018}} During a television interview on '']'' in 2001, Williams credited his mother as an important early influence on his humor, and he tried to make her laugh to gain attention.<ref name=Lipton>video: , June 10, 2001</ref> | |||
| Williams attended public elementary school in ] at Gorton Elementary School (now Gorton Community Center) and middle school at Deer Path Junior High School (now Deer Path Middle School).<ref name="chicagotribune.com">{{cite news |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/lake-forest-lake-bluff/ct-robin-williams-childhood-memories-met-20140813-story.html |title=Robin Williams' childhood in Lake Forest remembered |first=Karen Ann |last=Cullotta |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=August 13, 2014 |location=Sec. 1 |page=7|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140813081506/http://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/lake-forest-lake-bluff/ct-robin-williams-childhood-memories-met-20140813-story.html|archivedate = August 13, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref> He described himself as a quiet child who did not overcome his shyness until he became involved with his high school drama department.<ref>{{cite episode | title = Robin Williams: 'The Night Listener' | url = https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5602441 | medium = Radio | network = ] | airdate = August 3, 2006 | series = Fresh Air from WHYY | credits = Terry Gross (host)}}</ref> His friends recall him as very funny.<ref name="chicagotribune.com"/> | |||
| In late 1963, when Williams was 12, his father was transferred to Detroit. The family lived in a 40-room farmhouse on 20 acres<ref name="Kornbluth" /> in suburban ], Michigan, where he was a student at the private ].<ref name="chicagotribune.com"/><ref name="Moore1979">{{cite book |last=Moore |first=Mary Ellen |title=Robin Williams |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vs_6tanL6T0C |accessdate=August 12, 2014 |date=January 1, 1979 |publisher=Grosset & Dunlap |isbn=9780448171289}}</ref> He excelled in school, where he was on the school's soccer team and wrestling team, and was elected class president.<ref name="washpost1">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/wp/2014/08/11/how-robin-williams-joked-about-school/ |title=How high school changed Robin Williams' life |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=August 11, 2014 |first=Valerie |last=Strauss |accessdate=August 13, 2014 |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6TTRIGLzf?url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/wp/2014/08/11/how-robin-williams-joked-about-school/|archivedate = October 20, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref> | |||
| As both his parents worked, Williams was attended to by the family's maid, who was his main companion. When Williams was 16, his father took early retirement and the family moved to Marin County, ].<ref name="Kornbluth" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Weber|first1=Bruce|title=Robin Williams, the Comic, Confronts Robin Williams, the Actor|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/28/movies/robin-williams-the-comic-confronts-robin-williams-the-actor.html|accessdate=August 24, 2014|work=New York Times|date=May 28, 1989|page=A1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Klemesrud|first1=Judy|title=Robin Williams Dons an Emigre's Guise|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/15/arts/robin-williiams-dons-an-emigre-s-guise.html|accessdate=August 24, 2014|work=New York Times|date=April 15, 1984|page=A21|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120805/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/15/arts/robin-williiams-dons-an-emigre-s-guise.html|archivedate = August 26, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref> Following their move, Williams attended ] in nearby ]. At the time of his graduation in 1969, he was voted "Most Likely Not to Succeed" and "Funniest" by his classmates.<ref name="landrum_3031">{{cite book |title=Paranoia & Power: Fear & Fame of Entertainment Icons |first=Gene N. |last=Landrum |publisher=Morgan James Publishing |year=2007 |isbn=1600372740 |pages=30–31}}</ref> | |||
| ===College and Juilliard School=== | |||
| After high school graduation, Williams enrolled at ] in ], to study ]; he dropped out to pursue acting.<ref name="Kornbluth" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Golum |first=Rob |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-08-11/actor-robin-williams-dead-in-apparent-suicide.html |title=Robin Williams, Oscar Winner, Dies After Hanging Himself |work=Bloomberg News |date=August 12, 2014|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20141011002226/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-08-11/actor-robin-williams-dead-in-apparent-suicide.html|archivedate = October 11, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref> Williams studied theatre for three years at the ], a ] in ]. According to College of Marin's drama professor James Dunn, Williams' talent became evident when he was cast in the musical '']'' as ]. Williams often improvised during his time in the drama program, leaving cast members in hysterics.<ref name="Hansen">{{cite news |last=Hansen |first=Megan |title='We knew him as a neighbor': Marin remembers Robin Williams |url=http://www.marinij.com/marinnews/ci_26319466/we-knew-him-neighbor-marin-remembers-robin-williams |accessdate=August 13, 2014 |work=Marin Independent Journal |date=August 11, 2014|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140813072755/http://www.marinij.com/marinnews/ci_26319466/we-knew-him-neighbor-marin-remembers-robin-williams|archivedate = August 13, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref> Dunn called his wife after one late rehearsal to tell her that Williams "was going to be something special".<ref name="Hansen" /> | |||
| In 1973, Williams attained a full scholarship to the ] (], 1973–1976) in New York City. He was one of 20 students accepted into the freshman class and one of two accepted by ] into the Advanced Program at the school that year; the other was ]. ] and ] were also classmates.<ref name=Maslon>Maslon, Laurence, and Kantor, Michael. ''Make 'em Laugh: The Funny Business of America'', Twelve, 2008 pp. 241–244</ref><ref name="reeve">{{cite book |last=Reeve |first=Christopher |authorlink=Christopher Reeve |title=Still Me | publisher=Random House |location=New York |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-679-45235-5 |pages=167–172}}</ref> According to biographer Jean Dorsinville, ] and Williams were roommates at Juilliard.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nmO3r4GjmyoC&pg=PA164&lpg=PA164&dq=robin+williams+franklyn+seales&source=bl&ots=UYUru1_Zua&sig=H-t2-GCpXgV3kkdCkRdIvoA5p3I&hl=en&sa=X#v=onepage&q=robin%20williams%20franklyn%20seales&f=false|last=Dorsinville|first=Jean M.|title=Franklyn V.E. Seales: Life of an Artist|year=2011|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=9781462033324| page =164}}</ref> Reeve remembered his first impression of Williams when they were new students at Juilliard: | |||
| {{quote|He wore tie-dyed shirts with tracksuit bottoms and talked a mile a minute. I'd never seen so much energy contained in one person. He was like an untied balloon that had been inflated and immediately released. I watched in awe as he virtually caromed off the walls of the classrooms and hallways. To say that he was "on" would be a major understatement.<ref name="reeve"/>}} | |||
| Williams and Reeve had a class in dialects taught by Edith Skinner, who Reeve said was one of the world's leading voice and speech teachers. According to Reeve, Skinner was bewildered by Williams, who could instantly perform in many accents, including Scottish, Irish, English, Russian, and Italian. Their primary acting teacher was ], who was "equally baffled by this human dynamo".<ref name="reeve" /> Williams already had a reputation for being funny, but Kahn criticized his antics as simple stand-up comedy. In a later production, Williams silenced his critics with his convincing role of an old man in ''The Night of the Iguana,'' by ]. "He simply ''was'' the old man," wrote Reeve. "I was astonished by his work and very grateful that fate had thrown us together."<ref name="reeve"/> | |||
| Williams and Reeve remained close friends until Reeve's death in 2004. Reeve had struggled for years with being ] after a horse-riding accident.<ref name="reeve"/>{{rp|16}} Williams' son Zak remembered their friendship as having been like "brothers from another mother."<ref>, ''Fox News'', November 23, 2014</ref> Williams paid many of Reeve's medical bills and gave financial support to his family.<ref name="reeve"/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11027923/Robin-Williams-obituary.html |title=Robin Williams – obituary |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=August 12, 2014|accessdate=August 12, 2014|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6TTTp9htz?url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11027923/Robin-Williams-obituary.html|archivedate = October 20, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref> | |||
| During the summers of 1974, 1975 and 1976, Williams worked as a ] at ] in ].<ref>http://www.thetridentrestaurant.com/?p=281</ref> He left Juilliard<ref>{{cite news |url=http://time.com/3104146/robin-williams-dead-marc-maron-podcast/ |title=Listen to Robin Williams Talk About His Struggles on a April 26, 2010 Podcast |date=August 12, 2014 |work=] |accessdate=August 22, 2014|last = Feeney|first = Nolan|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140922040220/http://time.com/3104146/robin-williams-dead-marc-maron-podcast|archivedate = September 22, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.wtfpod.com/podcast/episodes/remembering_robin_williams |title=WTF with Marc Maron – Remembering Robin Williams |date=August 11, 2014 |work=] with ] |accessdate=October 21, 2014|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140812183127/http://www.wtfpod.com/podcast/episodes/remembering_robin_williams|archivedate = August 12, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref> during his junior year in 1976 at the suggestion of Houseman, who said there was nothing more Juilliard could teach him.<ref name=Maslon/><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/18/nyregion/commencements-for-juilliard-ex-student-hams-it-up.html |title=For Juilliard, Ex-Student Hams It Up |date=May 18, 1991 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=August 12, 2014|agency = The Associated Press|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121105042651/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/18/nyregion/commencements-for-juilliard-ex-student-hams-it-up.html|archivedate = November 5, 2012|deadurl = no}}</ref> ], another of Williams' teachers at Juilliard, said that Williams was a "genius" and that the school's conservative and classical style of training did not suit him; no one was surprised that he left.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://charlotte.twcnews.com/content/news/710725/nc-comedian--robin-williams-was-my-hero--my-influence/ |title=NC Comedian: Robin Williams Was My Hero, My Influence |work=Time Warner Cable News |date=August 12, 2014|last = Blair|first = Caroline|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084944/http://charlotte.twcnews.com/content/news/710725/nc-comedian--robin-williams-was-my-hero--my-influence/|archivedate = August 19, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref> | |||
| ==Career== | |||
| ===Stand-up comedy=== | |||
| ] show on December 20, 2007]] | |||
| After his family moved to ], Williams began performing stand-up comedy in the ] in the mid-1970s. He gave his first performance at the ], a comedy club in San Francisco, where he worked his way up from tending bar.<ref name=Zehme/> In the 1960s, San Francisco was a center for a rock music renaissance, hippies, drugs, and a sexual revolution, and in the 1970s, Williams helped lead its "comedy renaissance", writes critic Gerald Nachman.<ref name=Nachman>Nachman, Gerald. ''Seriously Funny: The Rebel Comedians of the 1950s and 1960s'', Pantheon, N.Y. (2003)</ref>{{rp|6}} Williams says he found out about "drugs and happiness" during that period, adding that he saw "the best brains of my time turned to mud".<ref name=Maslon/> | |||
| Williams moved to Los Angeles and continued performing stand-up at clubs including the Comedy Club. There, in 1977, he was seen by TV producer ], who asked him to appear on a revival of his ] show. The show aired in late 1977 and was Williams' debut TV appearance.<ref name=Maslon/> That year, Williams also performed a show at the LA ] for ].<ref>video: </ref> While the ''Laugh-In'' revival failed, it led Williams into a television career; he continued performing stand-up at comedy clubs such as the ] to help keep his improvisational skills sharp.<ref name=Maslon/><ref>video: {{YouTube|id=LsIh5z7oYyY&t=2m25s|title=Robin Williams at the Roxy, 1978}}</ref> | |||
| ===Televised live performances=== | |||
| Williams won a ] for the recording of his 1979 live show at the Copacabana in New York, "Reality...What a Concept". Some of his later tours, after he became a TV and film star, include ''An Evening With Robin Williams'' (1982–83), ''Robin Williams: At The Met'' (1986) and ''Robin Williams: Live on Broadway'' (2002). The latter broke many long-held records for a comedy show. In some cases, tickets sold out within thirty minutes.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lee|first1=Carter|title=Shazbot Robin Williams: Because we did, in fact, love him|url=http://www.commdiginews.com/entertainment/media-news-ureviews/shazbot-robin-williams-because-we-did-in-fact-love-him-23602/|website=commdiginews.com|accessdate=August 12, 2014|publisher = Communities Digital News|date = August 11, 2014|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140812224009/http://www.commdiginews.com/entertainment/media-news-reviews/shazbot-robin-williams-because-we-did-in-fact-love-him-23602/|archivedate = August 12, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref> In 1986, Williams released '']''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Benedictus|first1=Leo|title=Comedy gold: Robin Williams' A Night at the Met|url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2012/dec/06/robin-williams-night-met-comedy-gold|accessdate=December 3, 2014|work=The Guardian|date=December 6, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| After a six-year break, in August 2008, Williams announced a new 26-city tour, "Weapons of Self-Destruction". He said that this was his last chance to make jokes at the expense of the Bush administration, but by the time the show was staged, only a few minutes covered that subject. The tour started at the end of September 2009 and concluded in New York on December 3, and was the subject of an HBO special on December 8, 2009.{{citation needed|date=March 2017}} | |||
| ====Hardships in performing stand-up==== | |||
| Williams said that partly due to the stress of performing stand-up, he started using drugs and alcohol early in his career. He further said that he never drank nor took drugs while on stage but occasionally performed when hung over from the previous day. During the period he was using ], he said that it made him paranoid when performing on stage.<ref name="Grobel">{{cite news|title=Playboy Interview:Robin Williams|last=Grobel|first=Lawrence|date=January 1992|work=]}}</ref> | |||
| Williams once described the life of stand-up comedians: | |||
| {{quote|It's a brutal field, man. They burn out. It takes its toll. Plus, the lifestyle—partying, drinking, drugs. If you're on the road, it's even more brutal. You gotta come back down to mellow your ass out, and then performing takes you back up. They flame out because it comes and goes. Suddenly they're hot, and then somebody else is hot. Sometimes they get very bitter. Sometimes they just give up. Sometimes they have a revival thing and they come back again. Sometimes they snap. The pressure kicks in. You become obsessed and then you lose that focus that you need.<ref name=Nachman/>{{rp|34–35}}}} | |||
| Some, such as the critic ], were concerned that his monologues were so intense that it seemed as though at any minute his "creative process could reverse into a complete meltdown."<ref name="When the Laughter Stops">{{cite book | title=Robin Williams: When the Laughter Stops 1951–2014 | first=Emily | last=Herbert | publisher=John Blake Publishing Ltd. | location=London | date=November 15, 2014 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9DpUCgAAQBAJ | isbn=9781784183004 | oclc=889523094 | accessdate=August 26, 2016}}</ref> His biographer Emily Herbert described his "intense, utterly manic style of stand-up defies analysis ... beyond energetic, beyond frenetic .. dangerous ... because of what it said about the creator's own mental state."<ref name="When the Laughter Stops"/> | |||
| Williams felt secure he would not run out of ideas, as the constant change in world events would keep him supplied.<ref name=Grobel/> He also explained that he often used ] of ideas while improvising in order to keep the audience interested.<ref>{{cite av media | via=YouTube | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4LaJDOD5cJI&t=14m20s | |date=2002 | title=Robin Williams interview with Sir Michael Parkinson, 2002 | accessdate=August 26, 2016}}</ref> The competitive atmosphere caused problems; for example, some comedians accused him of copying their jokes, which Williams strongly denied.<ref name=Grobel/> ] defended him, explaining that it is difficult for comedians not to reuse another comedian's material, and that it is done "all the time".<ref name="rs comedy">{{cite web | url = https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/features/robin-williams-fears-of-a-clown-20140811 | title = Robin Williams: Fears of a Clown | first = Jeff | last = Giles | date = February 21, 1991 | accessdate = August 17, 2014 | work = ] }}</ref> He later avoided going to performances of other comedians to deter similar accusations.<ref name="rs comedy"/> | |||
| During a '']'' interview in 1992, Williams was asked whether he ever feared losing his balance between his work and his life. He replied, "There's that fear—if I felt like I was becoming not just dull but a rock, that I still couldn't speak, fire off or talk about things, if I'd start to worry or got too afraid to say something ... If I stop trying, I get afraid." While he attributed the recent suicide of novelist ] to his fear of losing his creativity and sharpness, Williams felt he could overcome those risks. For that, he credited his father for strengthening his self-confidence, telling him to never be afraid of talking about subjects which were important to him.<ref name=Grobel/> | |||
| Rumors have circulated accusing Williams of stealing material from other comics, especially in the 1970s.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/rambling-reporter/robin-williams-accused-stealing-jokes-comedy-tell-all-book-1045397|title=Robin Williams Accused of Stealing Jokes in Comedy Tell-All Book|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=July 20, 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kempa.com/robin-williams-prince-of-thieves/|title=Robin Williams: Prince of Thieves {{!}} Kempa.com|website=www.kempa.com|language=en-US|access-date=July 20, 2018}}</ref> ] claims that he confronted Williams personally and threatened him with bodily harm if he heard Williams utter another one of his jokes.<ref name="Comedy at the Edge">{{cite book|title=Comedy at the Edge|author=Richard Zoglin|publisher=Bloomsbury USA|year=2008|isbn=978-1582346243}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/07/joke-stealing-comedy-conan-twitter/399800/|title=In Conan O'Brien Versus Twitter Comedians, Whose Joke Is It Anyway?|last=Sims|first=David|date=July 28, 2015|work=The Atlantic|access-date=July 20, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
| ===''Mork & Mindy''=== | |||
| ]'' magazine, and installed in the ] to commemorate him posthumously.]] | |||
| After the '']'' revival and appearing in the cast of '']'' on ], Williams was cast by ] as the alien Mork in a 1978 episode of the TV series '']'', "]".<ref name=Maslon/><ref name="actors">{{cite episode | title = Robin Williams | series = Inside the Actors Studio | season = 7 | number = 710 | airdate = June 10, 2001 | network = Bravo | url = http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Robin_Williams | credits = James Lipton (host) | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070204093734/http://www.bravotv.com/Inside_the_Actors_Studio/guest/Robin_Williams | archivedate = February 4, 2007 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> Sought after as a last minute cast replacement for a departing actor, Williams impressed the producer with his quirky sense of humor when he sat on his head when asked to take a seat for the audition.<ref>{{cite web|title=Robin Williams Biography |url=http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/robin-williams.html |publisher=Biography Channel |accessdate=September 27, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716212135/http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/robin-williams.html |archivedate=July 16, 2012 |df= }}</ref> As Mork, Williams improvised much of his dialogue and physical comedy, speaking in a high, nasal voice. The cast and crew, as well as TV network executives were deeply impressed at Williams' performance.<ref>{{cite news |title='Happy Days' Cast Reveals How Robin Williams Got Cast as a "Martian" in Show's "Worst Script" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/happy-days-cast-reveals-how-750779 |accessdate=August 10, 2018 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter |date=November 20, 2014}}</ref> | |||
| Mork's appearance proved so popular with viewers that it led to the spin-off television sitcom '']'', which co-starred ], and ran from 1978 to 1982; the show was written to accommodate his extreme improvisations in dialog and behavior. Although he portrayed the same character as in ''Happy Days'', the series was set in the present in Boulder, Colorado, instead of the late 1950s in ]. ''Mork & Mindy'' at its peak had a weekly audience of 60 million and was credited with turning Williams into a "superstar."<ref name="Maslon" /> According to critic ], the series was especially popular among young people as Williams became a "man and a child, buoyant, rubber-faced, an endless gusher of invention."<ref name="Corliss">{{cite journal |last=Corliss |first=Richard |url=http://time.com/3110842/robin-williams-the-heart-of-comedy/ |title=Robin Williams: The Heart of Comedy |magazine=Time |date=August 25, 2014}}</ref> | |||
| Mork became popular, featured on posters, coloring books, lunch-boxes, and other merchandise.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mork & Mindy |url=http://www.retrojunk.com/article/show/2981/mork-mindy|website=retrojunk.com |accessdate=August 12, 2014|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6TXuAQuMg?url=http://www.retrojunk.com/article/show/2981/mork-mindy|archivedate = October 23, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref> ''Mork & Mindy'' was such a success in its first season that Williams appeared on the March 12, 1979, cover of '']'' magazine.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19790312,00.html |title=Robin Williams – March 12, 1979 |year=2014 |accessdate=August 12, 2014 |magazine=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://time.com/3102046/robin-williams-dead-hollywood-television-movies/ |title=How Robin Williams Went From Unknown To Star in 5 Months |magazine=Time |date=March 12, 1979 |accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref> The cover photo, taken by Michael Dressler in 1979, is said to have " his different sides: the funnyman mugging for the camera, and a sweet, more thoughtful pose that appears on a small TV he holds in his hands" according to Mary Forgione of the '']''.<ref name="latimes photo" /> This photo was installed in the ] in the ] shortly after Williams' death to allow visitors to pay their respects.<ref name="latimes photo">{{cite news | url = http://www.latimes.com/travel/deals/la-trb-robin-williams-national-portrait-gallery-20140812-story.html | title = The lighter side of Robin Williams, now at National Portrait Gallery | work = Los Angeles Times | date = August 12, 2014 | accessdate = August 14, 2014 | first = Mary | last =Forgione |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140814213020/http://www.latimes.com/travel/deals/la-trb-robin-williams-national-portrait-gallery-20140812-story.html|archivedate=August 14, 2014 |deadurl = no}}</ref> Williams also appeared on the cover of the August 23, 1979, issue of '']'', photographed by ].<ref>Williams, Robin. ''Rolling Stone'', May 18, 2006</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/pictures/comedy-on-the-cover-20080903/comedy-covers-rs-298-robin-williams-97021537 |title=A History of Comedy Stars on the Cover of Rolling Stone |date=June 1, 2011 |accessdate=August 19, 2014 |magazine=]}}</ref> | |||
| Starting in the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s, Williams began to reach a wider audience with his stand-up comedy, including three ] comedy specials, ''Off The Wall'' (1978), ''An Evening with Robin Williams'' (1983) and ''Robin Williams: Live at the Met'' (1986). Also in 1986, Williams co-hosted the ].<ref>{{cite news |last1=O'Connor |first1=John J |title=The Academy Awards Ceremony |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/26/movies/the-academy-awards-ceremony.html |accessdate=August 12, 2014 |newspaper=The New York Times|date = March 26, 1986|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140812213954/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/26/movies/the-academy-awards-ceremony.html|archivedate = August 12, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref> | |||
| Williams was also a regular guest on various talk shows, including '']''<ref>video clip; {{YouTube|iqdSagycCWc|"Robin Williams on Johnny Carson's Tonight Show – 1991"}}</ref> and '']'', on which he appeared 50 times. Letterman, who knew Williams for nearly 40 years, recalls seeing him first perform as a new comedian at ] in Hollywood, where Letterman and other comedians had already been doing stand-up. "He came in like a hurricane," said Letterman, who said he then thought to himself, "Holy crap, there goes my chance in show business."<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2014/08/19/david_letterman_s_robin_williams_tribute_the_late_show_host_remembers_when.html|title = Letterman Remembers the First Time He Met Robin Williams|date = August 19, 2014|accessdate = October 23, 2014|website = Slate|last = Lockett|first = Dee}}</ref> | |||
| His stand-up work was a consistent thread through his career, as seen by the success of his one-man show (and subsequent DVD) ''Robin Williams: Live on Broadway'' (2002). He was voted 13th on ]'s list "100 Greatest Stand-ups of All Time" in 2004.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://us.imdb.com/title/tt0429332/ | title = Comedy Central Presents: 100 Greatest Stand-Ups of All Time | publisher=Internet Movie Database |accessdate=December 26, 2007}}</ref> | |||
| Williams and ] were in an unscripted cameo at the beginning of an episode of the third season of '']''.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cook |first=Jon |title=Comedians Crystal and Williams in "Friends" episode |url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Movies/Artists/W/Williams_Robin/1997/04/04/762654.html |website=canoe.ca |accessdate=August 12, 2014 |date=April 4, 1997 |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20140812202812/http://jam.canoe.ca/Movies/Artists/W/Williams_Robin/1997/04/04/762654.html |archivedate=August 12, 2014 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> His many TV appearances included an episode of '']'',<ref>{{cite episode |series=Whose Line Is It Anyway? |serieslink = Whose Line Is It Anyway? (U.S. TV series) |airdate=November 16, 2000 |season=3 |number=9}}</ref> and he starred in an episode of '']''. In 2010, he appeared in a sketch with ] on '']'', and in 2012, guest-starred as himself in two ] series, '']'' and '']''.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.tvguide.com/News/Robin-Williams-Dies-1085425.aspx|title = Robin Williams Dies of Suspected Suicide at 63|date = August 11, 2014|accessdate = October 23, 2014|website = ]|last = Stanhope|first = Kate|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140812203820/http://www.tvguide.com/News/Robin-Williams-Dies-1085425.aspx|archivedate = August 12, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref> In May 2013, ] started a new series, '']'', starring Williams,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rose |first1=Lacey |last2=Goldberg |first2=Lesley |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/cbs-series-orders-mom-intelligence-crazy-ones-will-arnett-519502 |title=CBS Orders Chuck Lorre's 'Mom,' Robin Williams' 'Crazy Ones,' Will Arnett Comedy, More |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=May 10, 2013 |accessdate=July 25, 2013}}</ref> but the show was canceled after one season.<ref>{{cite web |last=Littleton |first=Cynthia |title=CBS Renews 'Mentalist', Cancels 'Crazy Ones', 'Hostages', 'Intelligence' & 2 More |url=https://variety.com/2014/tv/news/cbs-renews-mentalist-cancels-crazy-ones-1201177236/ |website=variety.com |date=May 10, 2014 |accessdate=August 12, 2014|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140511011859/https://variety.com/2014/tv/news/cbs-renews-mentalist-cancels-crazy-ones-1201177236/|archivedate = May 11, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref> | |||
| ===Film=== | |||
| {{see also|Robin Williams filmography}} | |||
| The first film role credited to Robin Williams is a small part in the 1977 low-budget comedy '']''. His first major performance is as the title character in '']'' (1980). There, Williams showcased the acting skills previously demonstrated in his television work; and the film's commercial disappointment was not blamed upon his role.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://articles.philly.com/2014-08-13/news/52732960_1_golden-globe-aladdin-role | title = Robin Williams, 63, comic genius | first = Steven | last = Rea | date = August 13, 2014 | accessdate = August 18, 2014 | work = The Philadelphia Inquirer }}</ref><ref name="VF-20140812">{{cite web |last=Spitznagel |first=Eric |title=Popeye Is the Best Movie Robin Williams Ever Made |url=http://www.vanityfair.com/vf-hollywood/2014/08/robin-williams-popeye |date=August 12, 2014 |work=] |accessdate=August 13, 2014 }}</ref> He stars as the leading character in '']'' (1982), which Williams considered "may have lacked a certain madness onscreen, but it had a great core".<ref name=Zehme/> He continued with other smaller roles in less successful films, such as '']'' (1983) and '']'' (1986), though he said these roles did not help advance his film career.<ref name=Zehme/> | |||
| His first major break came from his starring role in director ]'s '']'' (1987), which earned Williams a nomination for the ].<ref name="actors"/> The film is set in 1965 during the ], with Williams playing the role of ], a radio ] who keeps the troops entertained with comedy and sarcasm. Williams was allowed to play the role without a script, improvising most of his lines. Over the microphone, he created voice impressions of people, including ], ], ], ], and ].<ref name=Zehme>{{cite news | last = Zehme | first = Bill | work = ] | pages = 29–32 | date = February 25, 1988 | accessdate = August 18, 2014 | url = https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/features/robin-williams-the-rolling-stone-interview-19880225 | title = Robin Williams: The Rolling Stone Interview }}</ref> "We just let the cameras roll," said producer Mark Johnson, and Williams "managed to create something new for every single take."<ref>{{Cite book|title = Inventing Vietnam: The War in Film and Television|publisher = Temple University Press|year = 1991|isbn = 9780877228622|pages = 238|series = Culture And The Moving Image: Vol 6|editor-last = Anderegg|editor-first = Michael|location = Philadelphia}}</ref> | |||
| ] in 1990]] | |||
| Many of his later roles were in comedies tinged with pathos.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Monk|first1=Katherine|title=A clown and his demons: Robin Williams mixed zany comedy, sharp satire and pathos (with video)|url=http://www.vancouversun.com/entertainment/movie-guide/clown+demons+Robin+Williams+mixed+zany+comedy+sharp+satire+pathos/10110121/story.html|accessdate=August 12, 2014|work=Vancouver Sun|date=August 12, 2014}}</ref> His roles in comedy and dramatic films garnered Williams an ] (for his role as a psychologist in '']'' (1997)),<ref name="actors"/> as well as two previous Academy Award nominations (for playing an English teacher in '']'' (1989), and for playing a troubled homeless man in '']'' (1991)).<ref name="actors"/> In 1991, he played an adult ] in the film '']'', although he had said that he would have to lose twenty-five pounds.<ref>''Rolling Stone'', February 21, 1991 p. 26.</ref> | |||
| Other roles Williams had in acclaimed dramatic films include '']'' (1984), '']'' (1990), '']'' (1998), and '']'' (1999).<ref name=allmovie_bio>{{cite web|last1=Brennan|first1=Sandra|title=Robin Williams|url=http://www.allmovie.com/artist/robin-williams-p116900|website=]|accessdate=August 12, 2014}}</ref> In '']'', Williams portrayed a writer / killer on the run from a sleep-deprived Los Angeles policeman (played by ]) in rural Alaska.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Williams|first1=Karl|title=Insomnia (2002)|url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/insomnia-v260290|website=Allmovie|accessdate=August 12, 2014}}</ref> Also in 2002, in the psychological thriller '']'', Williams played an emotionally disturbed photo development technician who becomes obsessed with a family for whom he has developed pictures for a long time.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Deming|first1=Mark|title=One Hour Photo (2002)|url=http://www.allmovie.com/movie/one-hour-photo-v260306|website=Allmovie|accessdate=August 12, 2014}}</ref> The last Williams movie released during his lifetime was '']'', a film addressing the value of life. In it, Williams played Henry Altmann, a terminally ill man who reassesses his life and works to redeem himself.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2014/05/22/313116016/the-angriest-robin-williams-sadly-becomes-the-inspirational-one|title=The 'Angriest' Robin Williams Sadly Becomes The Inspirational One|work=NPR.org|access-date=2018-09-13|language=en}}</ref> | |||
| Among the actors who helped him during his acting career, he credited ], from whom he learned the power of silence and economy of dialog when acting, to portray the deep-driven man. From ], with whom he co-starred in ''Hook'', he learned to take on totally different character types, and to transform his characters by extreme preparation. ], producer of ''Hook'', told its director, ], that he intentionally teamed up Hoffman and Williams for the film because he knew they wanted to work together, and that Williams welcomed the opportunity of working with Spielberg.<ref>{{cite book|title = You're Only as Good as Your Next One: 100 Great Films, 100 Good Films, and 100 for Which I Should Be Shot|last = Medavoy|first = Mike|publisher = Simon & Schuster (Altria)|year = 2002|isbn = 9780743400541|location = New York|pages = 228|others = Young, Josh (contributor)}}</ref> Williams benefited from working with ], who directed him and Billy Crystal in '']'' (1997), as Allen had knowledge of the fact that Crystal and Williams had often performed together on stage.<ref>{{cite book|title = Conversations with Woody Allen: His Films, the Movies, and Moviemaking|last = Lax|first = Eric|publisher = Alfred A. Knopf Doubleday|year = 2007|isbn = 978-0375415333|pages = 52}}</ref> | |||
| His performance in the role of a therapist in ''Good Will Hunting'' (1997) influenced some real therapists and won Williams an Academy Award.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ryan-thomas-neace-/requiem-for-a-therapist-a_b_5670467.html?page_version=legacy&view=print&comm_ref=false |title=Requiem for a Therapist: A Tribute to Robin Williams |date=August 12, 2014 |work=] |accessdate=October 23, 2014 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6TYMul6HC?url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ryan-thomas-neace-/requiem-for-a-therapist-a_b_5670467.html?page_version=legacy&view=print&comm_ref=false |archivedate=October 24, 2014 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> In ''Awakenings'' (1990), Williams played a doctor modeled on ], who wrote the book on which the film was based. Sacks later said the way Williams' mind worked was a "form of genius." In 1989 Williams played a private school teacher in ''Dead Poets Society'', which included a final, emotional scene which some critics said "inspired a generation" and became a part of pop culture.<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/11/robin-williams-o-captain_n_5670177.html|title = Robin Williams and the 'O Captain' Scene That Inspired a Generation|last = Goodman|first = Jessica|date = August 11, 2014|work = HuffPost|accessdate = October 23, 2014|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6TYNZzpb6?url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/11/robin-williams-o-captain_n_5670177.html|archivedate = October 24, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref> Looking over most of his filmography, one writer was "struck by the breadth" and radical diversity of most roles Williams portrayed.<ref name="WP">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/act-four/wp/2014/08/11/how-robin-williams-helped-us-grow-up/ |title=How Robin Williams helped us grow up |newspaper=The Washington Post |first=Alyssa |last=Rosenberg |date=August 11, 2014|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6TYOdTnDH?url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/act-four/wp/2014/08/11/how-robin-williams-helped-us-grow-up/|archivedate = October 24, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref> | |||
| ], who co-founded '']'' and directed Williams in two of his films, ''The Fisher King'' and '']'' (1988), said in 1992 that Williams had the ability to "go from manic to mad to tender and vulnerable ... the most unique mind on the planet. There's nobody like him out there."<ref name="Grobel"/> | |||
| ]n premiere of '']'' on December 4, 2011]] | |||
| Williams voiced characters in several animated films. His voice role as the ] in the animated musical '']'' (1992) was written for him. The film's directors stated that they took a risk by writing the role.<ref>{{cite video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=akOo9XqAyxE&t=2m24s|via=]|title=Turning Robin Williams into 'Aladdin's' Genie|publisher=]|date=August 15, 2014}}</ref> At first, Williams refused the role since it was a Disney movie, and he did not want the studio profiting by selling merchandise based on the movie. He accepted the role with certain conditions: "I'm doing it basically because I want to be part of this animation tradition. I want something for my children. One deal is, I just don't want to sell anything—as in Burger King, as in toys, as in stuff."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/08/15/robin-williams-almost-didnt-make-aladdin-and-a-generation-of-children-are-grateful-that-he-did/|title=Robin Williams almost didn't make 'Aladdin,' and a generation of children is grateful that he did|last=McDonald|first=Soraya Nadia|date=August 15, 2014|newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> Williams improvised much of his dialogue, recording approximately 30 hours of tape,<ref name="Kornbluth" /> and impersonated dozens of celebrities, including ], ], Robert De Niro, ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://insidemovies.ew.com/2014/08/12/robin-williams-aladdin-eric-goldberg/ |title=Robin Williams in 'Aladdin': Animator Eric Goldberg remembers drawing Genie |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |first=Jeff |last=Labrecque |date=August 12, 2014}}</ref> His role in ''Aladdin'' became one of his most recognized and best-loved, and the film was the highest-grossing of 1992; it won numerous awards, including a ] for Williams. His performance led the way for other animated films to incorporate actors with more star power.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2011/10/how-celebrities-took-over-cartoon-voice-acting/247481/ |title=How Celebrities Took Over Cartoon Voice Acting |first=Scott |last=Meslow |date=October 28, 2011 |accessdate=August 17, 2014 |magazine=]}}</ref> He was named a ] in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=2009 Disney Legends Award Recipients to Be Honored During D23 Expo in Anaheim {{!}} Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2009/09/01/idUS158754+01-Sep-2009+PRN20090901|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=January 26, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214011248/https://www.reuters.com/article/2009/09/01/idUS158754+01-Sep-2009+PRN20090901|archivedate=December 14, 2013|date=December 14, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| Williams continued to provide voices in other animated films, including '']'' (1992), '']'' (2005), '']'' (2006), and an uncredited vocal performance in '']'' (2006). He also voiced the holographic Dr. Know character in the live-action film '']'' (2001). He was the voice of ], a former attraction at the ] Resort about a time-traveling robot who encounters ] and brings him to the future.<ref name="Veness2009">{{cite book |last=Veness |first=Susan |title=The Hidden Magic of Walt Disney World: Over 600 Secrets of the Magic Kingdom, Epcot, Disney's Hollywood Studios, and Animal Kingdom |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u0j1qhFi2fMC&pg=PT74 |year=2009 |publisher=Adams Media |isbn=9781440504327 |page=74}}</ref> | |||
| In 2006, he starred in '']'', a thriller about a radio show host who realizes that a child with whom he has developed a friendship may or may not exist; that year, he starred in five movies, including '']'',<ref name=allmovie_bio /> was the Surprise Guest at the ]<ref>{{cite news |title=Kids' Choice Awards |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/kids-choice-awards/11/ |accessdate=August 12, 2014 |publisher=CBS News|date = April 1, 2006}}</ref> and appeared on an episode of '']'' that aired on January 30, 2006.<ref>{{cite news |title=Quick Takes: An 'Extreme Makeover' salute to military families |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/nov/03/entertainment/la-et-quick-20111103 |accessdate=August 12, 2014 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |agency=Associated Press |date=November 3, 2011}}</ref> | |||
| At the time of his death in 2014, Williams had appeared in four movies not yet released: '']'', '']'', '']'' and '']''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://downriversundaytimes.com/2014/08/24/celebrity-extra-265|title=Celebrity Extra|last=Elavsky|first=Cindy|publisher=]|date=August 24, 2014|work = Downriver Sunday Times}}</ref> | |||
| ===Theatre=== | |||
| ] on October 1, 2008]] | |||
| Williams appeared opposite ] at Lincoln Center in an off-] production of '']'' in 1988.<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19881126&id=t_pNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fIsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4225,5378106|title = Still 'Waiting for Godot': Robin Williams, Steve Martin play it for laughs|last = Kuchwara|first = Michael|date = November 26, 1988|work = The Free Lance-Star|accessdate = October 23, 2014|agency = AP}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Frank |last=Rich |authorlink=Frank Rich |url=http://theater.nytimes.com/mem/theater/treview.html?res=940DE4DE1231F934A35752C1A96E948260 |title=Review/Theatre; 'Godot': The Timeless Relationship of 2 Interdependent Souls |newspaper=] |date=November 7, 1988 |accessdate=May 4, 2011}}{{subscription required|s}}</ref> He made his Broadway acting debut in ]'s '']'', which opened at the ] on March 31, 2011.<ref>{{cite news |last=Isherwood |first=Charles |title=Ghostly Beast Burning Bright in Iraq |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/01/theater/reviews/bengal-tiger-with-robin-williams-review.html |accessdate=August 12, 2014 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 31, 2011}}</ref> He headlined his own ], ''Robin Williams: Live on Broadway'', that played at the ] in July 2002.<ref>The Broadway League. . IBDB: The Official Source for Broadway Information.</ref> | |||
| ==Personal life== | |||
| ===Marriages and children=== | |||
| ] at the ] in 1989]] | |||
| Williams married his first wife Valerie Velardi in June 1978, following a live-in relationship with comedian ].<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Robin Williams, 1951–2014|last = Browne|first = David|date = September 11, 2014|journal = Rolling Stone|pages = 38–47}}</ref> Velardi and Williams met in 1976 while he was working as a bartender at a tavern in San Francisco. Their son Zachary Pym "Zak" Williams was born in 1983.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20098328,00.html |title=A Comic's Crisis of the Heart |date=February 22, 1988 |magazine=People |first=Brad |last=Darrach |accessdate=August 13, 2014}}</ref> Williams began an affair with Zachary's nanny in 1986 <ref> Clehane, Diane; Dagostino, Mark; Mikelbank, Peter; Orr, Andrea (April 14, 2008). "Robin Williams Surprise Split". People. 69 (14). Retrieved 13 August 2014</ref> and Velardi divorced him in 1988.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Massarelle |first1=Linda |last2=Berg |first2=Emmett |last3=Golding |first3=Bruce |title=Robin Williams' divorces left the star strapped for cash |url=https://nypost.com/2014/08/12/robin-williams-divorces-left-the-star-strapped-for-cash/ |accessdate=August 14, 2014 |newspaper=New York Post |date=August 12, 2014}}</ref> | |||
| On April 30, 1989, he married ], Zachary's nanny, who was pregnant with his child. They had two children, ] (born 1989) and Cody Alan Williams (born 1991). In March 2008, Garces filed for divorce from Williams, citing irreconcilable differences.<ref name=TVGuide>{{cite journal |last=Hochman |first=David |title=Still Crazy: Years after Mork and Buffy, Robin Williams and Sarah Michelle Gellar hope to rope us in with a new sitcom |magazine=] |date=September 9, 2013 |pages=16–19 |issn=0039-8543}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/03/26/DD7AVQHPA.DTL&tsp=1 |title=Robin Williams' wife files for divorce after nearly 19 years |first=Leah |last=Garchik |date=March 27, 2008 |newspaper=] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080329231846/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2008%2F03%2F26%2FDD7AVQHPA.DTL&tsp=1 |archivedate=March 29, 2008 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> Their divorce was finalized in 2010.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chaney|first1=Jen|title=Robin Williams and Susan Schneider reportedly wed|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/celebritology/post/robin-williams-and-susan-schneider-reportedly-wed/2011/10/24/gIQAbweHDM_blog.html|accessdate=August 18, 2014|work=Washington Post|date=October 24, 2011}}</ref> Williams married his third wife, graphic designer Susan Schneider, on October 22, 2011, in ].<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.usmagazine.com/celebritynews/news/robin-williams-weds-20112410 |title=Robin Williams Weds! |first=Justin |last=Ravitz |date=October 24, 2011 |magazine=]|accessdate = October 24, 2014}}</ref> The two lived at their house in ], California.<ref name=TVGuide/> | |||
| Williams stated, "My children give me a great sense of wonder. Just to see them develop into these extraordinary human beings."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/1n41x1/ |title=Robin Williams. It's time for a convoluted stream of consciousness. Ask Me Anything! : IAmA |publisher=Reddit.com |date=September 25, 2013 |accessdate=August 12, 2014}}</ref> | |||
| ===Other interests=== | |||
| ] World Debate on February 27, 2008]] | |||
| Williams was a member of the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/Diaspora/Jews-mourn-the-loss-of-honorary-member-of-the-tribe-Robin-Williams-370830|title=Jews mourn the loss of honorary member of the tribe, Robin Williams|work=jpost.com|accessdate=January 2, 2017}}</ref> He described his denomination in a comedy routine as "I have that idea of Chicago protestant, Episcopal—Catholic light: half the religion, half the guilt."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/07/03/earlyshow/leisure/boxoffice/main3011495.shtml |title=A "License" to Laugh |last=Johnson |first=Caitlin A. |date=July 3, 2007 |publisher=] |accessdate=March 27, 2009}}</ref> He also described himself as an "honorary Jew,"<ref>{{cite news |last=Borschel |first=Amanda |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/honorary-jew-robin-williams-63-found-dead/ |title='Honorary Jew' Robin Williams, 63, found dead |newspaper=The Times of Israel |date=August 12, 2014 |accessdate=August 12, 2014|agency = AP}}</ref> and on ]'s 60th Independence Day in 2008, he appeared in ], along with several other celebrities to wish ] a happy birthday.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=edIZyz3OdKA |title=Celebrity Salute to Israel @ Times Square |publisher=YouTube |date=May 13, 2008 |accessdate=August 12, 2014}}</ref> | |||
| Williams was an enthusiast of both ] and video games.<ref name="internet">{{cite news|first=Mike |last=Szymanski |title=Robin Williams Confesses to Another Addiction … the Internet |url=http://www.zap2it.com/movies/news/story/0,1259,---13446,00.html |work=Zap2it |date=August 21, 2002 |accessdate=August 22, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20021010045827/http://www.zap2it.com/movies/news/story/0%2C1259%2C---13446%2C00.html |archivedate=October 10, 2002 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=High Score!: The Illustrated History of Electronic Games |year=2003 |publisher=] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-07-223172-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HJNvZLvpCEQC&pg=PA154 |first1=Rusel |last1=DeMaria |edition=2nd |first2=Johnny L. |last2=Wilson |page=154}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Robin Williams to Be Memorialized in ‘World of Warcraft’ |url=https://variety.com/2014/digital/news/robin-williams-to-be-memorialized-in-world-of-warcraft-1201282195/ |first=Marc |last=Graser |date=August 13, 2014 |accessdate=August 16, 2014 |magazine=]}}</ref> His daughter Zelda was named after the title character from '']'', a family favorite video game series, and he sometimes performed at consumer entertainment trade shows.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2006/01/06/live-coverage-of-the-google-keynote/ |title=Live coverage of Google Keynote with Robin Williams |publisher=Engadget.com |accessdate=October 24, 2014|date = January 6, 2006|last = Boutin|first = Paul}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://news.cnet.com/Robin-Williams-yucks-it-up-for-Spore/2100-1043_3-6071292.html | title = Robin Williams yucks it up for 'Spore' | first = Daniel | last = Terdiman | date = May 11, 2006 | accessdate= August 19, 2014 | publisher = ] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.viewlondon.co.uk/whatson/dungeons-and-dragons-game-day-article-5339.html |title=Dungeons and Dragons Game Day at London Dungeon |publisher=Viewlondon.co.uk |accessdate=August 29, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070722052833/http://www.viewlondon.co.uk/whatson/dungeons-and-dragons-game-day-article-5339.html |archivedate=July 22, 2007}}</ref> | |||
| His favorite books were the ] by ],<ref>{{cite interview |last=Williams |first=Robin |interviewer=The ] Community |title=Robin Williams. It's time for a convoluted stream of consciousness. Ask Me Anything! |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/1n41x1/robin_williams_its_time_for_a_convoluted_stream/ |date=September 25, 2013 |accessdate=}}</ref> with his favorite book as a child being '']'', which he later shared with his children.<ref name="reddit1">{{cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/comments/1n41x1 |title=Robin Williams. It's time for a convoluted stream of consciousness. Ask Me Anything! |publisher=reddit.com |date=September 25, 2013 |accessdate=August 12, 2014}}</ref> | |||
| Williams became a devoted ] enthusiast, having taken up the sport partly as a substitute for drugs. Eventually, he accumulated a large bicycle collection of his own and became a fan of professional road cycling, often traveling to racing events, such as the ].<ref>{{cite news | last = Murphy | first = Brian | title = Tour de Lance: 100 percent pure | url = http://espn.go.com/page2/s/murphy/020729.html | publisher=] |accessdate=June 29, 2007}}</ref><ref name="Koeppel">{{cite journal |first1=Dan |last1=Koeppel |url=http://www.bicycling.com/news/featured-stories/robin-williams-im-lucky-have-bikes-my-life |year=2003 |title=Robin Williams Profile – Robin Williams: "I'm Lucky to Have Bikes in My Life" |journal=] |accessdate=September 2, 2014}}</ref> In 2016, his children donated 87 of his bicycles in support of the ] and ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Cycle of Life {{!}} Paddle8|url=https://paddle8.com/editorial/cycle-of-life/|website=Paddle8|accessdate=November 9, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109155952/https://paddle8.com/editorial/cycle-of-life/|archivedate=November 9, 2016 }}</ref> | |||
| ===Philanthropy=== | |||
| <!-- "Comic Relief" in this context is a United States charity for combating homelessness; the associated Misplaced Pages article is incomplete, as research is still being done. You are encouraged to edit "Comic Relief USA" to provide additional data. --> | |||
| In 1986, Williams teamed up with ] and ] to found ]. This annual ] television benefit devoted to the homeless has raised $80 million {{as of| 2014 | lc=yes}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.blackenterprise.com/news/robin-williams-whoopi-goldberg-billy-crystal-helped-raise-80-million-america-homeless/|title = Robin Williams, Whoopi Goldberg and Billy Crystal Raised $80 Million For Homeless|date = August 12, 2014|accessdate = October 24, 2014|website = blackenterprise.com|last = Brown|first = Carolyn M.}}</ref> ], creator of Comic Relief, explains that Williams felt blessed because he came from a wealthy home, but wanted to do something to help those less fortunate.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.eonline.com/news/568668/billy-crystal-and-whoopi-goldberg-react-in-kind-to-robin-williams-death-no-words|title = Billy Crystal and Whoopi Goldberg React in Kind to Robin Williams' Death: "No Words"|last = Finn|first = Natalie|date = August 12, 2014|publisher = ]|accessdate = October 25, 2014}}</ref> Williams made benefit appearances to support literacy and women's rights, along with appearing at benefits for veterans. He was a regular on the ] circuit, where he traveled to 13 countries and performed to approximately 100,000 troops.<ref>video: ''ABC – Good Morning America'', August 14, 2014</ref> After his death, the USO thanked him "for all he did for the men and women of our armed forces."<ref>''On Patrol'', USO, Fall 2014, p. 8</ref> | |||
| Williams and his second wife Marsha founded a philanthropic organization called the Windfall Foundation to raise money for many charities. In December 1999, he sang in ] on the ]-inspired music video of international celebrities doing a cover of ] ] "]" for the charity Children's Promise.<ref>{{cite news | title = Stones cover enters festive race | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/558252.stm |publisher=BBC News Online | date = December 10, 1999}}</ref> | |||
| In response to the ], he donated all proceeds of his "Weapons of Self Destruction" Christchurch performance to help rebuild the ] city. Half the proceeds were donated to the ] and half to the mayoral building fund.<ref>{{cite news | title = Robin Williams' quake donation |first=Marc |last=Greenhill | url = http://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/celebrities/4348443/Robin-Williams-quake-donation | date=November 16, 2010 | accessdate=August 11, 2014 |publisher=]}}</ref> Williams performed with the USO for U.S. troops stationed in ] and ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Good Morning, Iraq |newspaper=] |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/02/09/DDG5AB3TBJ38.DTL |date=February 9, 2005 |accessdate=September 4, 2009 |first=Phil |last=Bronstein}}</ref> | |||
| ] on December 19, 2003.]] | |||
| For several years, Williams supported ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stjude.org/stjude/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=fcd4fa2454e70110VgnVCM1000001e0215acRCRD&vgnextchannel=12d113c016118010VgnVCM1000000e2015acRCRD |title=Celebrity Involvement at St. Jude |publisher=St. Jude |accessdate=July 7, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| ===Addiction and health problems=== | |||
| During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Williams had an ].<ref name="actors"/><ref name=Greatest_dad>{{cite news |last=Aitkenhead |first=Decca |date=September 20, 2010 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/sep/20/robin-williams-worlds-greatest-dad-alcohol-drugs |title=Robin Williams: 'I was shameful, did stuff that caused disgust – that's hard to recover from' |newspaper=] |accessdate=August 12, 2014}}</ref> He was a casual friend of ],<ref name=Grobel/> and the sudden death of Belushi in 1982 due to a ] which happened the morning after the two had partied together, along with the birth of his own son Zak, prompted him to quit drugs and alcohol: "Was it a wake-up call? Oh yeah, on a huge level. The ] helped, too."<ref name="actors"/> Williams later referring to this event said, "It sobered the shit out of me."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/sundance-2018-five-revelations-from-new-robin-williams-documentary/|title=Sundance 2018: Five Revelations From New Robin Williams Documentary|date=January 21, 2018|publisher=}}</ref> Williams turned to exercise and cycling to help alleviate his ] shortly after Belushi's death; according to bicycle shop owner Tony Tom, Williams said, "cycling saved my life."<ref name="nightline">{{cite news |url=http://abcnews.go.com/Nightline/video/robin-williams-told-friend-cycling-saved-life-post-24970974 |title=(video) Robin Williams Told Friend 'Cycling Saved My Life' Post-Cocaine Days |publisher=] |date=August 13, 2014 |accessdate=August 16, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/14/showbiz/robin-williams-parkinsons-disease/ |title=Robin Williams was in early stages of Parkinson's disease, wife reveals |first=Alan |last=Duke |date=August 14, 2014 |accessdate=August 16, 2014 |publisher=]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Jason |last1=Gay |date=August 14, 2014 |title=Robin Williams and Dario Pegoretti: The Comedian and the Bike Builder |newspaper=]|url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/robin-williams-and-dario-pegoretti-the-comedian-and-the-bike-builder-1407970079 |accessdate=August 18, 2014}}{{subscription required|s}}</ref> | |||
| In 2003, Williams started drinking alcohol again while working on a film in ].<ref name=Greatest_dad /> In 2006, he checked himself in to a substance-abuse rehabilitation center in ], saying he was an ].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/story?id=2515796 |title=Robin Williams Comes Clean on 'GMA' |publisher=ABC News |date=October 2, 2006 |accessdate=August 29, 2010}}</ref><ref name="cnn_duke">{{cite news |last=Duke |first=Alan |title=Robin Williams, short of breath, takes a break |url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/04/robin.williams.health/index.html?iref=nextin |publisher=] |accessdate=August 12, 2014|date = March 4, 2009}}</ref> | |||
| Years afterward, Williams acknowledged his failure to maintain sobriety, but said he never returned to using cocaine, declaring in a 2010 interview: | |||
| {{quote | No. Cocaine—paranoid and impotent, what fun. There was no bit of me thinking, ooh, let's go back to that. Useless conversations until midnight, waking up at dawn feeling like a vampire on a day pass. No.<ref name=Greatest_dad/>}} | |||
| In March 2009, he was hospitalized due to heart problems. He postponed his one-man tour for surgery to replace his ].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.today.com/id/29518817/ns/today-today_entertainment/t/robin-williams-undergo-heart-surgery/#.U_cpGUuEfZQ |title=Robin Williams to undergo heart surgery |work=Today |date=March 5, 2009 |accessdate=October 29, 2014|agency = Associated Press}}</ref><ref>Jones, Kenneth. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309210030/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/126985.html |date=March 9, 2009 }}, playbill.com, March 5, 2009</ref> The surgery was completed on March 13, 2009, at the ].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/23/robin.williams.health/ |title=Robin Williams' heart surgery goes 'extremely well' |publisher=CNN |date=March 23, 2009 |accessdate=May 22, 2010|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6ThNNMndF?url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/23/robin.williams.health/|archivedate = October 30, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref> | |||
| In mid-2014, Williams admitted himself into the ] Addiction Treatment Center in ], for treatment for ].<ref>{{cite web |first=Marcus |last=Errico |title=Robin Williams Dead of Apparent Suicide at 63 |url=https://celebrity.yahoo.com/blogs/celeb-news/robin-williams-dead-of-apparent-suicide-at-63-231414092.html |publisher=Yahoo! |accessdate=August 12, 2014|date = August 11, 2014}}</ref> | |||
| His publicist, Mara Buxbaum, commented that he was suffering from ] prior to his death.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/11/showbiz/robin-williams-dead/ |title=Robin Williams dead; family, friends and fans are 'totally devastated' |first=Alan |last=Duke |publisher=] |date=August 12, 2014 |accessdate=August 16, 2014 }}</ref> His wife, Susan Schneider, stated that in the period before his death, Williams had been sober, but was diagnosed with early stage ], which was information he was "not yet ready to share publicly."<ref name="Robin Williams 'had Parkinson's'">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-28796277 |title=Robin Williams 'had Parkinson's' |publisher =BBC News |date=August 14, 2014 |accessdate=August 14, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Taryn |last=Ryder |date=August 15, 2014 |url=https://uk.yahoo.com/movies/wife-robin-williams-had-parkinsons-disease-his-94744481702.html |title=Wife: Robin Williams Had Parkinson's Disease, His Sobriety Intact Before Death |publisher=Yahoo! |accessdate=August 15, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816000113/https://uk.yahoo.com/movies/wife-robin-williams-had-parkinsons-disease-his-94744481702.html |archivedate=August 16, 2014 }}</ref> An autopsy revealed that Williams had diffuse ] dementia,<!-- | |||
| This cannot be linked to either ] or ] because neither the autopsy nor his widow specified the terms correctly ... see explanation in Death section | |||
| --> which had been diagnosed as Parkinson's. This may have contributed to his depression.<ref name="Robin Williams 'had Parkinson's'"/><ref name="New York Daily News">{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/robin-williams-coroner-report-drugs-alcohol-system-article-1.2003220|title=Robin Williams coroner's report finds no illegal drugs or alcohol in system|publisher=New York Daily News|accessdate = November 11, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://qz.com/798443/robin-williams-suffered-from-dementia-with-lewy-bodies-a-widely-under-diagnosed-condition/|title=Robin Williams suffered from a common form of dementia that many people don’t know about|website=]|access-date=October 6, 2016|date=October 2, 2016|first1=Marta|last1=Cooper}}</ref> | |||
| In an essay published in the journal ''Neurology'' two years after his death, Susan Schneider revealed that the pathology of Lewy body disease in Williams was described by several doctors as among the worst pathologies they had seen. She described the early symptoms of his disease as beginning in October 2013. It included a sudden and prolonged spike in fear and anxiety, constipation, urinary difficulty, heartburn, sleeplessness and insomnia, a poor sense of smell, stress, and a slight tremor in his left hand. Eventually, she said, he suffered from paranoia, delusions, severe insomnia, memory loss, and high cortisol levels, indicating stress. According to Schneider, "Robin was losing his mind and he was aware of it ... He kept saying, 'I just want to reboot my brain.'"<ref name="Neurology"/> | |||
| ==Death== | |||
| <!--Please do not change "committed suicide" - See the proposal and discussion on the Talk page first.--> | |||
| <!-- Please do not add his age at death in this section. It is properly defined in the article introduction and in the infobox. --> | |||
| On August 11, 2014, Williams committed ] in his ] home.<ref name="MartinN">{{cite news |last=Martin |first=Nick |title=San Francisco Neighbours Mourn Robin Williams |url=http://news.sky.com/story/1317742/san-francisco-neighbours-mourn-robin-williams |accessdate=August 13, 2014 |work=Sky News |date=August 13, 2014|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140813112157/http://news.sky.com/story/1317742/san-francisco-neighbours-mourn-robin-williams|archivedate = August 13, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref> His body was cremated at Montes Chapel of the Hills in ] and his ashes were scattered over ] the day after his death.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/21/showbiz/robin-williams-ashes/index.html | title = Robin Williams' ashes scattered in San Francisco Bay | first = Dana | last = Ford | date = August 21, 2014 | accessdate= August 21, 2014 | publisher = ] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Death Certificate Indicates Robin Williams Cremated, Ashes Scattered In San Francisco Bay|url=http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2014/08/21/tabloids-report-robin-williams-cremated-ashes-scattered-in-san-francisco-bay/|website=sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com|accessdate=September 16, 2014|date = August 21, 2014}}</ref> | |||
| The final autopsy report, released in November 2014, concluded that Williams' death was from "suicide due to asphyxia" by hanging (as suspected by the Marin County sheriff’s office on August 12),<ref>{{cite news |last1=Itzkoff |first1=Dave |last2=Fitzsimmons |first2=Emma G. |title=Robin Williams, Oscar-Winning Comedian, Dies at 63 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/12/movies/robin-williams-oscar-winning-comedian-dies-at-63.html |date=August 11, 2014 |newspaper=] |accessdate=August 11, 2014|first3 = Bruce|last3 = Weber}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Nordyke |first1=Kimberly |last2=Byrge |first2=Duane |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/robin-williams-dies-suspected-suicide-724724 |title=Robin Williams Dies of Suspected Suicide |date=August 11, 2014 |work=] |accessdate=August 11, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/robin-williams-apparently-committed-suicide-hanging/story?id=24947586 |title=Robin Williams Died in an Apparent Suicide by Hanging |date=August 12, 2014 |first= Lesley |last=Messer |publisher=ABC News}}</ref> neither alcohol nor illegal drugs were involved, and prescription drugs present in his body were at "therapeutic" levels. The report also noted that Williams had been suffering "a recent increase in paranoia".<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.cnn.com/2014/11/07/showbiz/robin-williams-autopsy/index.html | title = Robin Williams' death ruled suicide | first = Matthew | last = Stucker | date = November 7, 2014 | accessdate = November 7, 2014| publisher = ] }}</ref> An examination of his brain tissue suggested Williams suffered from "diffuse Lewy body dementia".<ref name="New York Daily News"/> Describing the disease as "the terrorist inside my husband's brain", his wife Susan Schneider said, "however you look at it—the presence of Lewy bodies took his life," referring to his previous diagnosis of Parkinson's.<ref name="Neurology"/> | |||
| The ] (LBDA) clarified the distinction between the term used in the autopsy report, ''diffuse Lewy body dementia''—which is more commonly called ''diffuse Lewy body disease'' and refers to the underlying disease process—and the umbrella term, '']''—which encompasses both ] (PD) and ] (DLB).<ref name=LBDA>{{cite web |url=https://www.lbda.org/content/lbda-clarifies-autopsy-report-comedian-robin-williams |publisher= ] |title= LBDA Clarifies Autopsy Report on Comedian, Robin Williams |date= November 10, 2014 | accessdate = April 19, 2018}}</ref> According to LBDA spokesperson Dennis Dickson, "The report confirms he experienced depression, anxiety and paranoia, which may occur in either Parkinson's disease or dementia with Lewy bodies ... In early PD, Lewy bodies are generally limited in distribution, but in DLB, the Lewy bodies are spread widely throughout the brain, as was the case with Robin Williams."<ref name=LBDA/> | |||
| ===Tributes=== | |||
| ] home used for '']''.]] | |||
| Williams' death instantly became global news. The entertainment world, friends, and fans responded to his death through social and other media outlets.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/robin-williams-remembered-by-steve-martin-ellen-degeneres-more/ |title=Robin Williams tributes pour in from Hollywood |publisher=CBS News |date=August 12, 2014|last = Derschowitz|first = Jessica|accessdate = October 29, 2014}}</ref> His wife, Susan Schneider, said: "I lost my husband and my best friend, while the world lost one of its most beloved artists and beautiful human beings. I am utterly heartbroken."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nbcnewyork.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/Marin-County-Sheriffs-Office-Investigating-Death-of-Actor-Robin-Williams-270820641.html |publisher=NBC |title=Beloved Comic, Actor Robin Williams Dead at 63 |date=August 12, 2014|accessdate = October 29, 2014}}</ref> His daughter Zelda Williams responded to his death by stating that the "world is forever a little darker, less colorful and less full of laughter in his absence".<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/robin-williams-family-the-world-is-forever-a-little-darker-1201281687/ |title=Robin Williams’ Family: 'The World is Forever a Little Darker' |date=August 12, 2014 |magazine=] |accessdate=August 12, 2014}}</ref> U.S. President ] said of Williams: "He was one of a kind. He arrived in our lives as an alien—but he ended up touching every element of the human spirit."<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/11/obama-robin-williams_n_5670241.html|title = Obama Responds To Robin Williams' Death: 'He Was One Of A Kind'|last = Alman|first = Ashley|date = August 11, 2014|work = Huffington Post|accessdate = October 29, 2014|archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/6ThSvqt3V?url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/11/obama-robin-williams_n_5670241.html|archivedate = October 30, 2014|deadurl = no}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Barack Obama Calls Actor Robin Williams 'One of a Kind' |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/robin-williams-death/barack-obama-calls-actor-robin-williams-one-kind-n178241 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812011419/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/robin-williams-death/barack-obama-calls-actor-robin-williams-one-kind-n178241 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=August 12, 2014 |publisher=NBC News |accessdate=August 17, 2014}}</ref> | |||
| In honor of his theater work, the lights of Broadway were darkened for the evening of August 14, 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/other/robin-williams-honored-broadway-dimmed-lights-aladdin-tribute-f1D80062788|title=Robin Williams honored on Broadway with dimmed lights, ‘Aladdin’ tribute|publisher=NBC News|accessdate=January 28, 2018}}</ref> That night, the cast of the '']'' musical honored Williams by having the audience join them in a sing-along of "]", an Oscar-nominated song originally sung by Williams in the 1992 film '']''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cleveland.com/onstage/index.ssf/2014/08/broadways_aladdin_cast_honors.html |title=Broadway's 'Aladdin' cast honors Robin Williams with song |publisher=The Plain Dealer |date=August 14, 2014|website = Cleveland.com|last = Simakis|first = Andrea|accessdate = October 29, 2014}}</ref> Fans of Williams created makeshift memorials at his star on the ]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailynews.com/arts-and-entertainment/20140812/fans-mourn-robin-williams-at-hollywood-walk-of-fame-star-autopsy-pending |title=Fans mourn Robin Williams at Hollywood Walk of Fame star, autopsy pending |date=August 12, 2014 |accessdate=August 16, 2014 |newspaper=]|agency = City News Service}}</ref> and at locations from his television and film career, such as the bench in Boston's ] featured in ''Good Will Hunting'';<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/08/12/boston-fans-fondly-recalling-good-will-hunting-mourn-loss-robin-williams/iKNI4mZAGzBZksXspLpiTM/story.html |title=Boston fans remember Robin Williams |newspaper=] |date=August 12, 2014 |accessdate=August 15, 2014 |first1=Brian |last1=MacQuarrie |first2=Laura |last2=Crimaldi}}</ref> the ], home used in ''Mrs. Doubtfire'';<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-memorial-robin-williams-mrs-doubtfire-house-20140813-story.html | title = Robin Williams memorial grows outside 'Mrs. Doubtfire' house |newspaper=] |first=Veronica |last=Rocha |date=August 13, 2014 |accessdate = August 16, 2014}}</ref> the sign for Parrish Shoes in ], where parts of ''Jumanji'' were filmed;<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.sentinelsource.com/news/local/keene-theater-to-host-free-jumanji-screening-after-star-s/article_37b993fe-a147-5c03-8ba5-cff56def7b97.html |title= Keene theater to host free 'Jumanji' screening after star's death| accessdate= March 19, 2018|date=August 15, 2014}}</ref> and the ], home used for ''Mork & Mindy''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://popwatch.ew.com/2014/08/12/mork-mindy-robin-williams-boulder/ |title=Fans remember Robin Williams at 'Mork and Mindy' house |first=Ariana |last=Bacle |date=August 12, 2014 |accessdate=August 15, 2014 |work=]}}</ref> Work on a book biography was begun by ''New York Times'' writer ] in 2014,<ref>, ''The Hollywood Reporter'', August 27, 2014</ref> and was published in 2018, entitled simply ''Robin''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Itzkoff |first=Dave |author-link=Dave Itzkoff |title=Robin |location=New York |publisher=Henry Holt and Company |isbn=9781627794244 |oclc=1035944986}} at ].</ref> In addition, a tunnel on ] north of the ] was officially named the "]" on February 29, 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Robin-Williams-tunnel-officially-gets-new-signs-6864015.php#photo-9482994|title=Robin Williams tunnel officially gets new signs|work=sfgate.com|accessdate=January 2, 2017}}</ref> | |||
| On television, during the ] on August 25, 2014, ] presented a tribute to Williams, referring to him as "the brightest star in our comedy galaxy".<ref>, ''Guardianlv'', August 22, 2014</ref><ref name="Emmys 2014">{{cite news | title=Emmys 2014: Robin Williams given emotional tribute by good friend Billy Crystal | first=Ethan | last=Sacks | date=August 25, 2014 | newspaper=New York Daily News | url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv/robin-williams-honored-emotional-emmy-tribute-article-1.1916760 | accessdate=August 26, 2014}}</ref> On September 9, 2014, ] aired a one-hour special devoted to his career,<ref>, ''Variety'', September 2, 2014</ref> and on September 27, 2014, dozens of leading stars and celebrities held a tribute in San Francisco to celebrate his life and career.<ref>, ''The Hollywood Reporter'', September 27, 2014</ref> | |||
| British heavy metal band ] dedicated a song titled "Tears of a Clown" to Williams on their 2015 album '']''. The song looks into Williams' depression and suicide, as well as how he attempted to hide his condition from the public.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Morgan Britton|first1=Luke|title=Iron Maiden dedicate new song 'Tears Of A Clown' to Robin Williams|url=http://www.nme.com/news/iron-maiden/87791|website=]|accessdate=August 24, 2015|date=August 24, 2015}}</ref> | |||
| Shortly after his death, ], ], and ] all aired the original '']'' commercial-free over the course of a week, with a dedicated drawing of the genie at the end of each airing before the credits.<ref>, ''The Hollywood Reporter'', August 14, 2014</ref> | |||
| Talk show hosts including ], ] and ] paid tribute. | |||
| In addition, several fans also paid tribute to Williams on ] with photo and video reenactments of the 1989 film '']''{{'}}s "O Captain! My Captain!" scene.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2723312/Lost-not-forgotten-Fans-Robin-Williams-remember-actor-social-media-tributes-makeshift-memorials.html |title='#O Captain, My Captain': Robin Williams' fans take over social media with tributes and memorials dedicated to the legendary comic| accessdate= November 15, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/robin-williams-death-jimmy-fallon-fights-tears-pays-tribute-with-oh-captain-my-captain-20140814-103uwh.html |title= Robin Williams death: Jimmy Fallon fights tears, pays tribute with 'Oh Captain, My Captain'| accessdate= November 15, 2014}}</ref> | |||
| In the sequel to '']'', '']'' features a tribute to Williams by mentioning his character and using the piece that Williams used in the first '']'' film. On the film's Blu-ray release, there is also a bonus feature in which the cast and crew pay homage to both Williams and the 1995 installment. | |||
| In 2018, ] produced a documentary about Williams' life and career. Directed by ], the film, '']'', was also screened at the ].<ref>https://variety.com/2018/film/reviews/robin-williams-come-inside-my-mind-review-1202671144/</ref> That same year, a mural of Robin Williams was created on ].<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=30 August 2018 |title=San Francisco mural honors Robin Williams |url=http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-robin-williams-mural-20180830-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times |location= |access-date=9 September 2018 }}<br/>{{cite news |last=Rodriguez |first=Joe Fitzgerald |date=29 August 2018 |title=Artist paints Robin Williams mural for free on SF’s Market Street |url=http://www.sfexaminer.com/artist-paints-robin-williams-mural-free-sfs-market-street/ |work=San Francisco Examiner |location= |access-date=9 September 2018 }}</ref> | |||
| {{Clear}} | |||
| == Influences == | |||
| Williams credited comedians including ], ], ], and ] as influences, admiring their ability to attract a more intellectual audience with a higher level of wit.<ref name="Nachman" />{{rp|43}} He also liked ] for his quickness in ad-libbing comedy routines and ], whose acts he felt were "precious".<ref name="Grobel" /> | |||
| Jonathan Winters was Williams' "idol" early in life; Williams, aged eight, first saw him on television and paid him homage in interviews throughout his career.<ref name="Nachman" />{{rp|259}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/12/jonathan-winters-dead_n_3070474.html|title=Jonathan Winters Dead: 'Mork and Mindy' Star Dies At Age 87|date=April 12, 2013|work=Huffington Post|accessdate=October 23, 2014}}</ref> Williams was inspired by Winters' ingenuity, realizing, he said, "that anything is possible, that anything is funny{{nowrap|. . .}} He gave me the idea that it can be free-form, that you can go in and out of things pretty easily."<ref name="Nachman" />{{rp|260}} | |||
| During an interview in ] in 2002, Williams told <!-- Not knighted until 2008. -->] that Peter Sellers was an important influence, especially his multi-character roles in '']'', stating, "It doesn't get better than that." British comedy actors ] and ] were also among his influences, he told Parkinson.<ref>video: {{cite interview|last=Williams|first=Robin|interviewer=]|title=Robin Williams, Parkinson interview 2002|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4LaJDOD5cJI|accessdate=September 18, 2014}}</ref> | |||
| ] holiday show held for the ] community on December 22, 2007]] | |||
| Williams was also influenced by ]'s fearless ability to talk about his personal life on stage, with subjects including his use of drugs and alcohol, and Williams added those kinds of topics during his own performances. By bringing up such personal matters as a form of comedy, he told Parkinson, it was "cheaper than therapy" and gave him a way to release his pent-up energy and emotions.<ref name="Nachman" />{{rp|121}} | |||
| ==Legacy== | |||
| {{quote box | align=left | width=25% | quote=You can't look at any modern comic and say, "That's the descendant of Robin Williams", because it's not possible to be a Robin Williams rip-off. ... He raised the bar for what it's possible to do, and made an enormous amount of us want to be comedians. | source=]<ref name="Browne"/>}} | |||
| Although Williams was first recognized as a stand-up comedian and television star, he later became known for acting in film roles of substance and serious drama. He was considered a "national treasure" by many in the entertainment industry and by the public.<ref name=Grobel/><ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525045202/http://www.showbiz411.com/2014/08/13/glenn-close-on-friend-and-colleague-robin-williams-was-a-world-treasure |date=May 25, 2017 }}, ''Showbiz411'', August 13, 2014</ref> | |||
| His on-stage energy and improvisational skill became a model for a new generation of stand-up comedians. Many comedians valued the way he worked highly personal issues into his comedy routines, especially his honesty about drug and alcohol addiction, along with depression.<ref name=CSM>,(+video), ''Christian Science Monitor'', August 12, 2014</ref> According to media scholar Derek A. Burrill, because of the openness with which Williams spoke about his own life, "probably the most important contribution he made to pop culture, across so many different media, was as Robin Williams the person."<ref name=CSM/> | |||
| ]]] | |||
| Williams created a signature free-form persona in comedy, in a style that was so widely and uniquely identified with him, that new comedians imitated Williams personally. ] impersonated his Mork character early in his own career.<ref>{{YouTube|9zorOqE0j1c|"Jim Carrey Impersonates Robin Williams"}}</ref> This high-spirited persona has been generally credited with paving the way for the growing comedy scene which developed in San Francisco. Young comedians felt more liberated on stage by seeing his spontaneously diverse range: "one moment acting as a bright, mischievous child, then as a wise philosopher or alien from outer space."<ref>Rappoport, Leon. ''Punchlines: The Case for Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Humor'', Greenwood Publishing (2005) p. 136</ref> According to ], the eclectic performer's rapid-fire improvisational style was an inspiration as well as an influence for other comedians, but that his talent was so extremely unusual that no one else could possibly attempt to copy it.<ref name="Browne">{{cite journal | last=Browne |first=David |title=Robin Williams, 1951–2014 | work=] | date=September 11, 2014 | url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/news/robin-williams-final-days-inside-rolling-stones-new-issue-20140827 | pages=38–47 | accessdate=August 26, 2016}}</ref> | |||
| His film performances often influenced other actors, both in and out of the film industry. Director ], who directed Williams in '']'', says that watching him work "was a magical and special privilege. His performances were unlike anything any of us had ever seen, they came from some spiritual and otherworldly place."<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.vindy.com/news/2014/aug/13/chris-columbus-speaks-about-life-with-ro/?print|title = Valley native Chris Columbus speaks about life with Robin Williams|date = August 13, 2014|accessdate = October 24, 2014|website = vindy.com}}</ref> Looking over most of his filmography, Alyssa Rosenberg at '']'' was "struck by the breadth" and radical diversity of most of his roles, writing that "Williams helped us grow up."<ref name="WP"/> | |||
| Janet Hirshenson later revealed in an interview that Robin Williams had expressed interest in portraying ] in the '']'' films, but was rejected by Chris Columbus due to the "British-only edict".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/movies/robin-williams-was-turned-down-for-a-key-harry-potter-role/news-story/1590a9c7c2dd974a1fa9758053acc97f|title='He really wanted to be in the movie'|publisher=]}}</ref> | |||
| ==Filmography== | |||
| {{main|Robin Williams filmography}} | |||
| ==Awards== | |||
| {{main|List of awards and nominations received by Robin Williams}} | |||
| Won: | |||
| * 1978 – ], '']''<ref name=bustle>, ''Bustle'', August 2014</ref> | |||
| * 1980 – ], '']''<ref name=grammy>, ''Grammy.com'', August 11, 2014</ref> | |||
| * 1980 – ], ''Reality... What a Concept''<ref name=grammy/> | |||
| * 1987 – ], '']''<ref name=bustle/> | |||
| * 1987 – ], '']''<ref name=grammy/> | |||
| * 1987 – ]: Outstanding Individual Performance In A Variety Or Music Program, "Carol Burnett Special: Carol, Carl, Whoopi & Robin"<ref name=bustle/><ref name=emmy>, ''Emmys''</ref> | |||
| * 1988 – ]: Outstanding Individual Performance In A Variety Or Music Program, "ABC Presents a Royal Gala"<ref name=bustle/><ref name=emmy/> | |||
| * 1989 – ], ''Good Morning Vietnam''<ref name=grammy/> | |||
| * 1991 – ], '']''<ref name=bustle/> | |||
| * 1992 – Golden Globe Award – Special Achievement, '']''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goldenglobes.com/film/aladdin|title=Aladdin|accessdate=March 7, 2017|publisher=Golden Globe Awards}}</ref> | |||
| * 1993 – ], '']''<ref name=bustle/> | |||
| * 1996 – ], '']''<ref name=sag/> | |||
| * 1997 – ], '']''<ref name=bustle/> | |||
| * 1997 – ], '']''<ref name=sag>, ''SAG-AFTRA'', August 11, 2014</ref> | |||
| * 2003 – ], ''Robin Williams Live – 2002''<ref name=grammy/> | |||
| * 2005 – ]<ref name=guardian>, ''Guardianlv'', August 27, 2014</ref> | |||
| ==References== | |||
| ;Footnotes: | |||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| ;Sources | |||
| * {{Cite book |title= The Life and Humor of Robin Williams: A Biography |first= Jay |last= David |publisher= Quill |location= New York |date= 1999 |isbn= 978-0-688-15245-1}} | |||
| * {{Cite book |title= Robin Williams: A Biography |first= Andy |last= Dougan |publisher= Thunder's Mouth Press |date= 1999 |isbn= 978-1-56025-213-9}} | |||
| * {{Cite book |title= The Robin Williams Scrapbook |first= Stephen J. |last= Spignesi |publisher= Carol Pub. |location=Secaucus, NJ |date= 1997 |isbn= 978-0-8065-1891-6}} | |||
| ==Further reading== | |||
| * {{cite news|title=The Life and Death of Robin Williams|series=2020|work=ABC News|date=August 12, 2014|url=http://abc.go.com/shows/2020/listing/2014-08/11-2020-0812-the-life-death-of-robin-williams}} | |||
| * {{cite news|work=Rolling Stone|author=Travers, Peter|title=Peter Travers on 9 of His Favorite Robin Williams Performances – ''Rolling Stone''{{'}}s film critic weighs in on the late actor and comedian's best work |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/features/peter-travers-on-9-of-his-favorite-robin-williams-performances-20140812}} | |||
| * {{cite news|title=Robin Williams set up a 3-part trust fund for his kids amid money troubles before death|work=Business Insider|author=Weisman, Aly|date=August 13, 2014|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/robin-williams-kids-trust-funds-2014-8}} | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| {{Sister project links |wikt=no |commons=Category:Robin Williams |b=no |n=Actor and comic Robin Williams found dead at 63 |q=Robin Williams |s=no |v=no |species=no |display=Robin Williams}} | |||
| * {{Find a Grave|134211597}} | |||
| * {{IBDB name}} | |||
| * {{IMDb name|0000245}} | |||
| * {{Tcmdb name}} | |||
| {{Navboxes | |||
| |title = ] | |||
| |list = | |||
| {{AcademyAwardBestSupportingActor 1981-2000}} | |||
| {{Cecil B. DeMille Award 2001–2025}} | |||
| {{EmmyAward VarietyPerformance 1976–2000}} | |||
| {{GoldenGlobeBestActorMotionPictureMusicalComedy 1981–2000}} | |||
| {{GoldenGlobeBestActorTVComedy 1970–1989}} | |||
| {{Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album 2000s}} | |||
| {{Hasty Pudding Man of the Year}} | |||
| {{MTV Movie Award for Best Comedic Performance}} | |||
| {{National Board of Review Award for Best Actor}} | |||
| {{Saturn Award for Best Actor}} | |||
| {{Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor}} | |||
| {{ScreenActorsGuildAward MaleSupportMotionPicture 1994-2000}} | |||
| }} | |||
| {{portalbar|Biography|Film|Comedy|Chicago}} | |||
| {{Authority control}} | |||
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Revision as of 17:32, 19 October 2018
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