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| {{Taxobox | |||
| | color = khaki | |||
| | name = Kelp | |||
| | image = Kelp forest.jpg | |||
| | image_caption = ]n kelp forest | |||
| | regnum = ] | |||
| | divisio = ]ophyta | |||
| | classis = ] | |||
| | ordo = '''Laminariales''' | |||
| | ordo_authority = ] | |||
| | subdivision_ranks = Families | |||
| | subdivision = | |||
| ]<br> | |||
| ]<br> | |||
| ]<br> | |||
| ]<br> | |||
| ]<br> | |||
| ] | |||
| }} | |||
| '''Kelp''' are large ]s (]), belonging to the ]e and classified in the order Laminariales. Despite their appearance they are not grouped with the normal aquatic or land plants (] ]), but instead are included in either kingdom ] or ]. There are about 30 different ]. Some larger members of the order ] are also included by some within the general term Kelp. Kelp grows in underwater ]s (]s) in clear, shallow, oceans, requiring nutrient rich water below about 20 °C, it offers a protection to some ], or food for others. It is known for its high growth rate - the genus '']'' grows up to 30 cm per day, to a total length of over ]. | |||
| == Morphology == | |||
| In most Kelp the thallus (or body), consists of flat or leaf-like structures known as blades. Blades originate from elongate, stem-like structures, the stipes. These kelp are mainly purple or pink and consist of a methane gas that helps fish live. The holdfast, a root-like structure anchors the Kelp to the substrate of the ocean. Gas-filled bladders (]s) form at the base of most blades and keep the Kelp blades close to the surface. | |||
| == Uses == | |||
| Kelp ash is rich in ] and ]. In great amount, kelp ash can be used in ] and ] production. Until the ] was invented, buring of Kelp was one of the principal industrial sources of ]. | |||
| ], a kelp-derived carbohydrate, is used to thicken products such as ], ], ], and ], as well as in manufactured goods. | |||
| == Prominent species == | |||
| * ] ('']''), a northwestern American species. Used by coastal ] to create ]s. | |||
| * ] ('']''), the largest seaweed. Found in the Pacific coast of North America and South America. | |||
| * ] ('']''), an edible species of kelp found in Japan. | |||
| ==Species of the British Isles== | |||
| *''] digitata'' (Hudson) J.V. Lamouroux (Oarweed; Tangle) | |||
| *''] hyperborea'' (Gunnerus) Foslie (Curvie) | |||
| *''] ochroleuca'' Bachelot de la Pylaie | |||
| *''] saccharina'' (Linnaeus) J.V.Lamouroux (Sea Belt; Sugar Kelp; Sugarwack) | |||
| ] | |||
| ==Species of ''Laminaris'' World-wide== | |||
| * ''] agardhii'' (NE. ]) | |||
| * ''] angustata'' (]) | |||
| * ''] bongardina'' Postels et Ruprecht (Bering Sea to ]) | |||
| * ''] cuneifolia'' (NE. America) | |||
| * ''] dentigera'' Klellm. (] - America) | |||
| * ''] digitata'' (NE. America) | |||
| * ''] ephemera'' Setchell (Sitka, Alaska, to Monterey County, ] - America) | |||
| * ''] farlowii'' Setchell (Santa Cruz, ], to Baja California - America) | |||
| * ''] groenlandica'' (NE. America) | |||
| * ''] japonica'' (]) | |||
| * ''] longicruris'' (NE. America) | |||
| * ''] nigripes'' (NE. America) | |||
| * ''] ontermedia'' (NE. America) | |||
| * ''Laminaria pallida'' Greville ex J.Agardh (]) | |||
| * ''] platymeris'' (NE. America) | |||
| * ''] saccharina'' (Linnaeus) Lamouroux (Aleutian Islands, Alaska to southern ] America) | |||
| * ''] setchellii'' Silva (Aleutian Islands, Alaska to Baja ] America) | |||
| * ''] sinclairii'' (] ex Hooker f. ex Harvey) Farlow, Anderson et Eaton (Hope Island, British Coluumbia to Los Angeles, ] - America) | |||
| * ''] solidungula'' (NE. America) | |||
| * ''] stenophylla'' (NE. America) | |||
| ==Other genera in the Laminariales which may be considered as "Kelp".== | |||
| *''Alaria marginata'' Post. & Rupr. (] and ] - ] | |||
| *''Costaria costata'' (C.Ag.) Saunders ]; Alaska, ] - ]) | |||
| *''Durvillaea potatorum'' (Labillardière) Areschoug (]; ]) | |||
| *''Ecklonia brevipes'' J.Agardh (]; ]) | |||
| *''Ecklonia maxima'' (Osbeck) Papenfuss (]) | |||
| *''Ecklonia radiata'' (C.Agardh) J.Agardh (]; ]; ]; ]) | |||
| *''Eisena arborea'' Aresch. (Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Montrey, Santa Catalina Island, ] - America) | |||
| *''Egregia menziesii'' (Turn.) Aresch. | |||
| *''Hedophyllum sessile (C.Ag.) Setch (Alaska, ] - America) | |||
| *''Macrocystis angustifolia'' Bory (]; ] and ]) | |||
| *''Pleurophycus gardneri'' Setch. & Saund. (Alaska, ] - America) | |||
| *''Pterygophora californica'' Rupr. (Vancouver Island, British Columbia to Bahia del Ropsario, Baja Californis and ] - America) | |||
| == Interactions == | |||
| Some animals are named after the ], either because they inhabit the same ] as ] or because they feed on ]. These include: | |||
| * ] ('']''), the Pacific coast of North America. | |||
| * ] (]) (e.g., ''Heterosticbus rostratus'', genus '']''), the Pacific coast of North America. | |||
| * ] (]) (''Ocydromus fuscus''), South America and the Falkland Islands | |||
| * ] (]) (''Chionis'' sp), Antarctic | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| {{commonscat|Laminariales}} | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ], which displays a kelp forest and its wildlife. | |||
| * | |||
| * ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| <!-- Interwikis found using http://vs.aka-online.de/globalwpsearch/ --> | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 03:31, 9 November 2006
big bobs beepers and bongos