| Revision as of 01:31, 19 November 2018 editZackmann08 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers331,075 edits Converting to use Template:Infobox river← Previous edit | Revision as of 19:11, 21 November 2018 edit undoP199 (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, IP block exemptions, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers55,276 edits add commons tagNext edit → | ||
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| | image_caption = Manicouagan River as seen from the Daniel-Johnson Dam | | image_caption = Manicouagan River as seen from the Daniel-Johnson Dam | ||
| | map = Manicouagan map.png | | map = Manicouagan map.png | ||
| | map_size = | | map_size = 250px | ||
| | map_caption = Drainage basin in yellow | | map_caption = Drainage basin in yellow | ||
| | pushpin_map = | | pushpin_map = | ||
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| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| {{stack|{{Portal|Canada|Water|Renewable energy}}}} | {{stack|{{Portal|Canada|Water|Renewable energy}}}} | ||
| *{{Commons category-inline}} | |||
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Revision as of 19:11, 21 November 2018
River in Quebec, Canada| Manicouagan River | |
|---|---|
 Manicouagan River as seen from the Daniel-Johnson Dam | |
 Drainage basin in yellow | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Quebec |
| Region | Côte-Nord |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Manicouagan Reservoir |
| • location | Rivière-aux-Outardes |
| • coordinates | 50°38′53″N 68°43′40″W / 50.64806°N 68.72778°W / 50.64806; -68.72778 |
| Mouth | Gulf of Saint Lawrence |
| • location | Pointe-Lebel |
| • coordinates | 49°10′34″N 68°11′40″W / 49.17611°N 68.19444°W / 49.17611; -68.19444 |
| • elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Length | 200 km (120 mi) |
| Basin size | 45,800 km (17,700 sq mi) |
| Discharge | |
| • average | 1,020 m/s (36,000 cu ft/s) |
The Manicouagan River is a river in Côte-Nord region of Quebec, Canada. The river originates in the Manicouagan Reservoir and flows approximately 200 kilometres (120 mi) south, emptying into the Saint Lawrence River near Baie-Comeau. The reservoir, also known as Lake Manicouagan, lies within the remnant of an ancient eroded impact crater (astrobleme). It was formed following the impact of a 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) diameter asteroid which excavated a crater originally about 100 km (62 mi) wide, although erosion and deposition of sediments have since reduced the visible diameter to about 72 km (45 mi). The Manicouagan crater is the sixth-largest confirmed impact crater known on earth.
The river's name, often abbreviated to Manic, is believed to come from a Montagnais word meaning "where tree bark is found". However the Innu of Betsiamites call it Menukuanistuk Shipu, which means "river of the cup".
Tributaries
The major tributaries of the Manicouagan River are in upstream order:
- Toulnustouc River
- Isoukustouc River
- Fontmarais River
- Lemay River
- Manicouagan Reservoir
- Mouchalagane River
- Seignelay River
- Themines River
History
At the end of August 1535, Jacques Cartier, while sailing south, noted the mouth of this large river but gave it no name. In June 1664, Jesuit Henri Nouvel was the first missionary to travel upstream of the "Grand Manikouaganistikou River that the French call rivière Noire because of its depth". The next year, he "returned to the mouth of the Manicoüagan in June." The river's spelling has remained fairly constant from then on.
In the early 1950s, the Manicouagan River attracted Hydro-Québec's attention for hydro-electric development because of the deep and fast running waters. In 1956, a dam was built at the mouth of Lake Sainte-Anne to regulate the Toulnustouc River, the main left tributary that empties in the Manicouagan between the Manic-2 and Manic-3 dams. Four years later, the main construction work began on the dams and power stations of the Manicouagan River and its neighbor to the west, the Outardes River. By 1978, this project, with a total power supply 4672 MW, was completed.
Hydro-electric dams
There are a number of hydroelectric power plants on the Manicouagan, part of the Manic-Outardes Project:
- McCormick generating station - 335 MW, owned by Hydro-Québec and Alcoa.
- Manic 1 generating station - 184 MW, operated by Hydro-Québec.
- Jean-Lesage generating station, formerly Manic-2 Power Station - 1024 MW, operated by Hydro-Québec.
- René-Lévesque generating station, formerly Manic-3 Power Station - 1244 MW, operated by Hydro-Québec.
- Manic 4 - Abandoned project
- Daniel-Johnson Dam:
- Manic-5 generating station - 1592 MW, operated by Hydro-Québec.
- Manic-5-PA generating station - 1064 MW, operated by Hydro-Québec.
References
- ^ Natural Resources Canada, Atlas of Canada - Rivers Archived 2007-04-10 at the Wayback Machine
- Earth Impact Database
- ^ "Rivière Manicouagan" (in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
- Ministry of Natural Resources of Quebec and Hydro-Québec
External links
Media related to Rivière Manicouagan at Wikimedia Commons- Hydro-Québec Manicouagan map
