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The Roses of Heliogabalus is an 1888 painting by the Anglo-Dutch artist Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema depicting the young Roman emperor Elagabalus (203–222 AD) hosting a banquet.

Subject

The painting measures 132.7 × 214.4 centimetres (52.2 × 84.4 in). It shows a group of Roman diners at a banquet, being swamped by drifts of pink rose petals falling from a false ceiling above. The youthful Roman emperor Elagabalus, wearing a golden silk robe and tiara, watches the spectacle from a platform behind them, with other garlanded guests. A woman plays the double pipes beside a marble pillar in the background, wearing the leopard skin of a maenad, with a bronze statue of Dionysus, based on the Ludovisi Dionysus, in front of a view of distant hills.

The painting depicts a (probably invented) episode in the life of the Roman emperor Elagabalus, also known as Heliogabalus (204–222), taken from the Augustan History. Although the Latin refers to "violets and other flowers", Alma-Tadema depicts Elagabalus smothering his unsuspecting guests with rose petals released from a false ceiling. The original reference is this:

Oppressit in tricliniis versatilibus parasitos suos violis et floribus, sic ut animam aliqui efflaverint, cum erepere ad summum non possent. In a banqueting-room with a reversible ceiling he once buried his guests in violets and other flowers, so that some were actually smothered to death, being unable to crawl out to the top.

In his notes to the Augustan History, Thayer notes that "Nero did this also (Suetonius, Nero, xxxi), and a similar ceiling in the house of Trimalchio is described in Petronius, Sat., lx." (Satyricon).

History

The painting was commissioned by Sir John Aird, 1st Baronet for £4,000 in 1888. As roses were out of season in the United Kingdom, Alma-Tadema is reputed to have had rose petals sent from the south of France each week during the four months in which it was painted.

The painting was exhibited at the Royal Academy summer exhibition in 1888. Aird died in 1911, and the painting was inherited by his son Sir John Richard Aird, 2nd Baronet. After Alma-Tadema died in 1912, the painting was exhibited at a memorial exhibition at the Royal Academy in 1913, the last time it was seen at a public exhibition in the UK until 2014.

Alma-Tadema's reputation declined markedly in the decades after his death. Following the death of the 2nd Baronet in 1934, the painting was sold by his son, the 3rd Baronet, in 1935 for 483 guineas. It failed to sell at Christie's in 1960, and was "bought in" by the auction house for 100 guineas. Next it was acquired by Allen Funt: he was the producer of Candid Camera, and a collector of Alma-Tadema's at a time when the artist remained very unfashionable. After Funt experienced financial troubles, he sold the painting along with the rest of his collection at Sotheby's in London in November 1973, achieving a price of £28,000. The painting was sold again by American collector Frederick Koch at Christie's in London in June 1993 for £1,500,000. It is currently owned by the Spanish-Mexican billionaire businessman and art collector Juan Antonio Pérez Simón.

Exhibitions

• The painting was included in an exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York in March and April 1973 (when the owner was Allen Funt).
• The painting is part of a private collection but was on display from 14 November 2014 to 29 March 2015 at the Leighton House Museum in London as part of the exhibition A Victorian Obsession: The Pérez Simón collection at Leighton House Museum, the first time, since Alma-Tadema's memorial exhibition at the Royal Academy in 1913, that it has been exhibited in London. It returned to the Leighton House Museum from 7 July to 29 October 2017 for the exhibition "Alma-Tadema: At Home in Antiquity."
• The painting was a part of an exhibition of Lawrence Alma-Tadema's paintings in Belvedere, Vienna, Austria from 24 February 2017 to 18 June 2017.

References

1. "Alma Tadema--The Roses of Heliogabalus". penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
2. "The Legend of a 'Bachelor'-style Rose Ceremony That Turned Lethal". atlasobscura.com. 5 January 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
3. "Historia Augusta • Vita Heliogabali (Pars II)".
4. "Historia Augusta • Life of Elagabalus (Part 2 of 2)".
5. "Historia Augusta • Life of Elagabalus (Part 2 of 2)".
6. From ‘Riches to Rags to Riches’, ArtNews, 1 January 2011
7. A Victorian Obsession: The Pérez Simón Collection’ at the Leighton House Museum, Financial Times, 14 November 2014
8. A Moral Critique of The Roses of Heliogabalus, Frederick W. Farrar, VictorianWeb
9. Kennedy, Maev (2 June 2014). "Quiet billionaire's Victorian art collection loaned to Leighton House". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
10. Kennedy, Maev (13 November 2014). "Victorian art 'comes home' to London house". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
11. Bugler, Caroline (13 November 2014). "Lord Leighton RA and the Victorian ideal of female beauty: Objects of desire". London: Royal Academy of Arts. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
12. Exhibition of Paintings by Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema Opens at Metropolitan Museum, press release, March 1973
13. "A Victorian Obsession: The Pérez Simón collection at Leighton House Museum". London: Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
14. "Alma-Tadema: At Home in Antiquity". Leighton House Museum. Retrieved 2017-08-03.
15. "Lawrence Alma-Tadema. Decadence & Antiquity". Vienna, Austria.

• 1888 paintings
• Elagabalus
• Paintings by Lawrence Alma-Tadema
• Paintings of people
• Musical instruments in art
• Fiction set in the Roman Empire
• Works set in the 3rd century
• Food and drink paintings
• Paintings of Dionysus