Hassan Rouhani: Difference between revisions

← Previous edit Next edit →Content deleted Content addedVisual WikitextInline

Revision as of 01:44, 7 December 2018 editיניב הורון (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users7,309 editsNo edit summary← Previous edit		Revision as of 15:04, 11 December 2018 edit undo58.51.132.61 (talk) ←Replaced content with 'DEATH TO IRAN!!!'Tags: Replaced possible vandalism shouting blankingNext edit →
Line 1:		Line 1:
			DEATH TO IRAN!!!
	{{redirect\|Rouhani\|other persons with this surname\|Rouhani (surname)}}
	{{redirect\|Rohani\|the village in Iran\|Rohani, Iran}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2017}}
	{{Infobox Officeholder
	\|name = Hassan Rouhani{{-}} حسن روحانی
	\|honorific_prefix = ]
	\|image = Hassan Rouhani portrait 2018-2.jpg
	\|order = 7th
	\|office = President of Iran
	\|1blankname = {{nowrap\|Supreme Leader}}
	\|1namedata = ]
	\|2blankname = {{nowrap\|First Vice President}}
	\|2namedata = ]
	\|term_start = 3 August 2013
	\|term_end =
	\|predecessor = ]
	\|office1 = Secretary General of the ]
	\|term_start1 = 3 August 2013
	\|term_end1 = 17 September 2016
	\|predecessor1 = ]
	\|successor1 = ]
	\|office2 = ]
	\|president2 = ]
	\|term_start2 = 6 October 2003
	\|term_end2 = 15 August 2005
	\|deputy2 = ]
	\|predecessor2 = ''Position created''
	\|successor2 = ]
	\|office3 = ]
	\|term_start3 = 14 October 1989
	\|term_end3 = 15 August 2005
	\|president3 = ]<br>]
	\|predecessor3 = ''Position created''
	\|successor3 = ]

	\|office4 = ]
	\|term_start4 = 19 February 2007
	\|term_end4 =
	\|majority4 = 2,238,166 {{small\|(53.56%)}}
	\|constituency4 = ]
	\|term_start5 = 18 February 2000
	\|term_end5 = 18 February 2007
	\|constituency5 = ]

	\|office6 = ]
	\|term_start6 = 2 June 1992
	\|term_end6 = 26 May 2000
	\|predecessor6 = ]
	\|successor6 = ]

	\|office7 = ]
	\|term_start7 = 28 May 1984
	\|term_end7 = 27 May 2000
	\|constituency7 = ]
	\|majority7 = 729,965 {{small\|(58.3%; 2nd term)}}

	\|term_start8 = 28 May 1980
	\|term_end8 = 27 May 1984
	\|constituency8 = ]
	\|majority8 = 19,017 {{small\|(62.1%)}}

	\|birthname = Hassan Fereydoun
	\|birth_date = {{birth date and age\|1948\|11\|12}}


	\|birth_place = ], ], ]
	\|party = ] {{small\|(1999–present)}}
	\|otherparty = ] {{small\|(1988–present; inactive since 2009)}}<ref>{{cite thesis \|last=Mohammadighalehtaki\|first=Ariabarzan\|date=2012\|title=Organisational Change in Political Parties in Iran after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. With Special Reference to the Islamic Republic Party (IRP) and the Islamic Iran Participation Front Party (Mosharekat)\|type=Ph.D. thesis\|publisher=]\|url=http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3507/\|page=175–177}}</ref><br>] {{small\|(1979–87)}}
	\|spouse = ] {{small\|(1968–present)}}
	\|children = 5 (three daughters and two sons)
	\|alma_mater = ]<br>]<br>]
	\|signature = Rouhani signature.png
	\|website = <br>
	\|allegiance = {{flag\|Iran}}
	\|serviceyears = 1971–72 {{small\|(conscription)}}<ref name="mashreghnews"/><br>1985–91<ref name="CSR"/>
	\|unit = ] of ] {{small\|(1971–72)}}<ref name="mashreghnews">{{cite web\|url=http://www.mashreghnews.ir/fa/news/230397/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1\|title=خاطره سربازی روحانی در نیشابور\|work=mashreghnews.ir}}</ref>
	\|commands = ] {{small\|(1985–91)}}<ref name="CSR"/><br>] {{small\|(1988–89)}}<ref name="CSR"/>
	\|battles = ]
	\|mawards = ] ] {{small\|(1st Class)}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.leader.ir/langs/fa/?p=contentShow&id=1909\|title=پایگاه اطلاع رسانی دفتر مقام معظم رهبری\|work=leader.ir}}</ref><br />] ] {{small\|(2nd Class)}}<ref name="Fars News">{{cite news\|first=Mahdi\|last=Poursafa\|url=http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13921029000489\|work=]\|script-title=fa:گزارش فارس از تاریخچۀ نشان‌های نظامی ایران، از «اقدس» تا «فتح»؛ مدال‌هایی که بر سینۀ سرداران ایرانی نشسته‌است\|trans-title=From "Aghdas" to "Fath": Medals resting on the chest of Iranian Serdars\|date=20 January 2014\|accessdate=21 October 2014\|language=Persian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.leader.ir/langs/fa/?p=contentShow&id=255\|title=پایگاه اطلاع رسانی دفتر مقام معظم رهبری\|work=leader.ir}}</ref>
	}}
	{{Hassan Rouhani sidebar}}
	'''Hassan Rouhani''' ({{lang-fa\|حسن روحانی}}, <small>] pronunciation:</small> {{IPA-fa\|hæˈsæne rowhɒːˈniː\|\|Fa-ir-hassan-rouhani.ogg}}; born '''Hassan Fereydoun''' ({{lang-fa\|حسن فریدون\|links=no}}) on 12 November 1948)<ref>http://rouhani.ir/zendeginame.php</ref><ref name="birth-cert"/> is an ] politician serving as the current and ] ] since 3 August 2013. He was also a lawyer,<ref name="Memoirs"/> academic, former diplomat and Islamic cleric. He has been a member of Iran's ] since 1999,<ref name="A-Experts">{{cite web\|title=Members of Assembly of Experts\|url=http://www.majlesekhobregan.ir/fa/MemberView.html?DaneshvarID=576\|publisher=Assembly of Experts\|accessdate=22 April 2013}}</ref> member of the ] since 1991,<ref name="Majma">{{cite web\|title=Two new members appointed to the Expediency Discernment Council\|url=http://www.leader.ir/langs/fa/index.php?p=contentShow&id=501\|publisher=The Office of the Supreme Leader\|date=8 May 1991}}</ref> and a member of the ] since 1989.<ref name="CSR">{{cite web\|title=Hassan Rouhani's Résumé\|url=http://www.csr.ir/departments.aspx?lng=en&abtid=09&&depid=106&&semid=283\|work=CSR\|date=11 April 2013\|deadurl=yes\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515060959/http://www.csr.ir/departments.aspx?lng=en&abtid=09&&depid=106&&semid=283\|archivedate=15 May 2013\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="SNSC">{{cite web\|title=Hassan Rouhani appointed as the Supreme Leader's representative to the SNSC\|url=http://www.leader.ir/langs/fa/index.php?p=contentShow&id=202\|publisher=The Office of the Supreme Leader\|date=13 November 1989}}</ref>
	Rouhani was deputy speaker of the fourth and fifth terms of the Parliament of Iran (]) and Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council from 1989 to 2005.<ref name="CSR"/> In the latter capacity, he was the country's top negotiator with the ], UK, France, and Germany, on ], and has also served as a ]<ref> BBC, 15 June 2013</ref> ],<ref>'''', Farhang Jahanpour, ], 12 April 2013, ]</ref> and economic trade negotiator.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.timesofoman.com/News/Article-31103.aspx \|title=Rouhani moots regional trade bloc to boost growth, stability \|publisher=Times of Oman \|date=15 March 2014 \|author=Elham Pourmohammadi \|accessdate=1 April 2014 \|deadurl=yes \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322041202/http://www.timesofoman.com/News/Article-31103.aspx \|archivedate=22 March 2014 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="NSND"/>{{rp\|138}} He has expressed official support for upholding the rights of ethnic and religious minorities.<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.fairobserver.com/article/rouhani-election-victory-green-movement \|title=Rouhani's Election: A Victory for the Green Movement? \|publisher=Fair Observer° \|date=26 June 2013 \|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref> In 2013, he appointed former industries minister ] as his first vice-president.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.presstv.com/detail/2013/08/05/317304/rohani-appoints-jahangiri-as-first-vp/ \|title=Rohani appoints Jahangiri as Iran's first vice president \|publisher=Press TV \|date=5 August 2013 \|accessdate=1 April 2014 \|deadurl=yes \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212034128/http://www.presstv.com/detail/2013/08/05/317304/rohani%2Dappoints%2Djahangiri%2Das%2Dfirst%2Dvp/ \|archivedate=12 December 2013 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref>

	On 7 May 2013, Rouhani registered for the ] that was held on 14 June 2013.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Iran's former nuclear negotiator registers for presidential campaign\|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90777/8235449.html\|work=People's Daily\|date=7 May 2013}}</ref> He said that, if elected, he would prepare a "civil rights charter", restore the economy and improve rocky relations with ]s.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Former nuclear negotiator joins Iran's presidential race\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/11/us-iran-election-idUSBRE93A0CM20130411\|agency=Reuters\|date=11 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=Expediency Council member Rohani to run for president\|url=http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2013/04/11/297689/rohani-to-run-for-irans-president/\|publisher=Press TV\|date=11 April 2013}}</ref> Rouhani is frequently described as a moderate. He was elected as ] on 15 June, defeating ] mayor ] and four other candidates.<ref name="Fassihi">{{cite news\|last=Fassihi\|first=Farnaz\|title=Moderate cleric Hassan Rohani wins Iran Vote\|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323734304578547481084333510\|work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref name="BBCannouncedwinner">{{cite news\|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-22916174\|title=Hassan Rouhani wins Iran presidential election\|date=15 June 2013\|accessdate=15 June 2013\|publisher=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="WSJannouncedwinner">{{cite news\|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323734304578544912995560792\|title=Moderate Candidate Wins Iran's Presidential Vote\|date=15 June 2013\|accessdate=16 June 2013\|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal\|author=Farnaz Fassihi}}</ref> He took office on 3 August 2013.<ref name="BBC News">{{cite news\|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-23557673\|title=Hassan Rouhani takes over as Iran president\|date=3 August 2013\|accessdate=3 August 2013\|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> In 2013, ''Time'' magazine named him in its list of the ]. In domestic policy, he encourages personal freedom and free access to information, has improved women's rights by appointing female foreign ministry spokespeople, and has been described as a centrist and reformist who has improved Iran's diplomatic relations with other countries through exchanging conciliatory letters.<ref>. Retrieved 21 December 2013</ref><ref>. Retrieved 21 December 2013</ref><ref>The Middle East and South Asia 2013 – Page 71, Malcolm Russell – 2013</ref> Rouhani won ] in the ] with 23,636,652 votes (57.1%).<ref name="moi-2017">{{cite news\|title=Final results of presidential election by province and county\|url=https://www.moi.ir/Portal/home/?news/469742/469971/497969/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B5%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C\|accessdate=8 June 2017\|agency=]\|language=Persian\|date=8 June 2017}}</ref> He became the third Iranian President, after ] and ], to win a presidential victory as an incumbent with an increased electoral mandate.

	==Name==
	His name is also spelled as '''Hasan Rouhani''', '''Hassan Rohani''', '''Hasan Rohani''', '''Hassan Rowhani''' or '''Hasan Rowhani'''.

	He was born '''Hassan Fereydoun''' (or ], in reference to a just king in ], {{lang-fa\|‌حسن فریدون}}, {{IPA-fa\|hæˌsæn-e feɾejˈdun}}) and later changed his last name to '']'', which means 'spiritual' or 'cleric';<ref>{{cite dictionary\|year=2002\|editor1-last=Sadri Afshar\|editor1-first=G. H.\|editor2-last=Hakami\|editor2-first=Nasrin\|editor3-last=Hakami \|editor3-first=Nastaran \|title=فَرهَنگِ مُعاصِرِ فارسی \|trans-title=Farhang Moaser Contemporary Persian Dictionary \|language=Persian \|publisher=Farhang Moaser Publishers\|location=Tehran \|edition=4th \|isbn=964-5545-68-4\|page=679}}</ref> also ] as ''Rowhani'', ''Ruhani'', or ''Rohani''). It is not clear when he officially changed his last name. He was named as "Hassan Fereydoun Rouhani" ({{lang-fa\|حسن فریدون روحانی}}) in a list of ] representatives on 5 July 1981,<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.ical.ir/index.php?option=com_mashrooh&view=session&id=173&page=2797&Itemid=38\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926215031/http://www.ical.ir/index.php?option=com_mashrooh&view=session&id=173&page=2797&Itemid=38\|dead-url=yes\|archive-date=26 September 2013\|script-title=fa:مجلس شورای اسلامی، دورۀ ۱، جلسۀ ۱۷۴\|date=5 July 1981\|language=Persian}}</ref> while photos of his identification card (in Persian transliteration: ''shenasnameh'') taken around his presidential campaign in 2013 only mention "Rouhani" as his last name.<ref name="birth-cert"/>

	==Early life and education==
	]
	Hassan Rouhani (born Hassan Fereydoun) was born on 12 November 1948<ref name="birth-cert"/> in ], near ], into a religious family.<ref name=pbs2012>{{cite news\|title=Q&A – Former Iran Nuclear Negotiator: Bush Negotiation Bid Was Rebuffed\|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2012/05/qa-former-iran-nuclear-negotiator-bush-negotiation-bid-was-rebuffed.html\|accessdate=31 July 2013\|work=PBS\|date=12 May 2012}}</ref> His father, Haj Asadollah Fereydoun (died 2011),<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://isna.ir/fa/news/9007-09488/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85-%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%85-%D9%BE%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%AF\|script-title=fa:مراسم ختم پدرِ حسن روحانی برگزار شد\|date=5 October 2011\|work=ISNA\|language=Persian}}</ref> had a spice shop in Sorkheh<ref name="mehr-sorkheh">{{cite web\|url=http://webzine.mehrnews.com/FullStory/News/?NewsId=3390\|script-title=fa:یک روز در زادگاه و خانۀ پدریِ حسن روحانی/تصاویر\|language=Persian\|date=17 July 2013\|work=Mehr Magazine\|deadurl=yes\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804145115/http://webzine.mehrnews.com/FullStory/News/?NewsId=3390\|archivedate=4 August 2013\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and his mother lived in Semnan until her death in 2015 with her daughters and sons-in-law.<ref name="birth-cert">{{cite web\|url=http://www.shomanews.com/News/?Id=7169\|script-title=fa:نکته‌هایی جالب در شناسنامۀ روحانی + عکس\|trans-title=Interesting points in Rouhani's ID + photo\|language=Persian\|work=Shoma News\|accessdate=15 June 2013\|deadurl=yes\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927085259/http://www.shomanews.com/News/?Id=7169\|archivedate=27 September 2013\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="mother-interview">{{cite web\|url=http://webzine.mehrnews.com/FullStory/News/?NewsId=3405\|script-title=fa:مادر دکتر حسن‌ روحانی از فرزندش می‌گوید/ عکس\|trans-title=The mother of Dr Hassan Rouhani talks about his child/Photo\|date=19 June 2013\|work=Mehr Magazine\|language=Persian\|deadurl=yes\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805001042/http://webzine.mehrnews.com/FullStory/News/?NewsId=3405\|archivedate=5 August 2013\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Asadollah Fereydoun is reported to have been politically active against ], the ], and arrested first in 1962, and then more than twenty times before the ] in 1979.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://aftabnews.ir/fa/news/135891/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%BE%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA\|work=Aftab News\|date=2 October 2011\|script-title=fa:حاج اسدالله فریدون، پدر دکتر روحانی به دیار باقی شتافت\|language=Persian}}</ref>

	Rouhani started religious studies in 1960, first at Semnan Seminary<ref name="Memoirs"/>{{rp\|55}} before moving on to the ] in 1961.<ref name="Memoirs"/>{{rp\|76}} He attended classes taught by prominent scholars of that time including ], ], ], Soltani, ], and ].<ref name="Memoirs"/>{{rp\|81}} In addition, he studied modern courses, and was admitted to the ] in 1969, and obtained a ] degree in ] in 1972.<ref name="CSR"/><ref name="Memoirs"/>{{rp\|309–312}} In 1973, Rouhani entered military service in the city of ].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.mashreghnews.ir/fa/news/230397/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1\|title=مشرق نیور\|date=17 June 2013\|publisher=GCU}}</ref>

	Rouhani ] his studies at ] in Scotland, graduating in 1995 with an ] degree in Law with his thesis entitled ''The Islamic legislative power with reference to the Iranian experience'' and a PhD degree in ] in 1999 for a thesis titled ''The Flexibility of Shariah (Islamic Law) with reference to the Iranian experience''.<ref name="GCU University News & Events">{{cite web\|url=http://www.gcu.ac.uk/newsevents/news/article.php?id=59642\|title=GCU congratulates alumnus Hassan Rouhani on his election as the next President of Iran\|date=19 June 2013\|publisher=GCU University News and Events\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321034511/http://www.gcu.ac.uk/newsroom/news/article/index.php?id=59642\|archivedate=March 21, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://gcu.lostalumni.org/lostalumni/1999/hassan-feridon/\|title=alumnus Hassan Feridon\|date=18 June 2013\|publisher=GCU lost alumni database\|deadurl=yes\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622041511/http://gcu.lostalumni.org/lostalumni/1999/hassan-feridon/\|archivedate=22 June 2013\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Rouhani's Caledonian research was initially supervised by Iranian lawyer and scholar Professor Sayed Hassan Amin and later by Islamic law scholar Dr Mahdi Zahraa.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.gcu.ac.uk/newsevents/news/article.php?id=59511\|title=GCU Alumnus to be next President of Iran\|date=17 June 2013\|publisher=GCU}}</ref>

	The website of the Center for Strategic Research, a think-tank headed by Rouhani, misattributed his PhD to ] rather than ] and confusion ensued as a result on whether he was a graduate of either university, especially as he was known during his student years by his birth name "Hassan Fereydoun".<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/denise-ajiri-iran-elections-watch-/25012218.html \|title=Website Sheds Light on Iran Elections Process, Players \|publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty \|date=10 June 2013 \|accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref> ] carried out an internal investigation to confirm Rouhani's alumnus status and after confirming it, it published Rouhani's theses abstracts and a video showing him being capped, as Scottish academic tradition provides, during the University's 1999 graduation ceremony.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://caledonianblogs.net/library/2013/06/19/hassan-rouhani-phd-mphil/ \|title=Hassan Rouhani PhD & MPhil \| Library Matters \|publisher=Caledonianblogs.net \|date=19 June 2013 \|accessdate=3 November 2013 \|deadurl=yes \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025034053/http://caledonianblogs.net/library/2013/06/19/hassan-rouhani-phd-mphil/ \|archivedate=25 October 2013 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{YouTube\|dkKaSIRwiJw\|Dr Hassan Rouhani of Iran receiving his doctorate in 1999}}</ref>
	===PhD thesis plagiarism allegation===
	{{main\|Hassan Rouhani's plagiarism allegations}}
	Allegations regarding Rouhani's plagiarism were first raised in 2013 when it was claimed that he had probably "lifted" sentences from a book by Afghan author ]. ], Rouhani's graduation school, argued that the sentences were both cited properly. The issue was raised again amid ] when a student campaign claimed that they had for the first time investigated Rouhani's whole thesis using plagiarism detection tool ] and that chapters one through four of Rouhani’s thesis had been plagiarized at least 39%, 43%, 40% and 82%, respectively. Ayatollah Ali Akbar Kalantari, a member of ], ] faculty member and one of the alleged victims, said that "major segments" of Chapter 4 of Rouhani's thesis had been translated from his book without being referenced.<ref name="Sadeghi">{{cite news\|last1=Sadeghi\|first1=Fereshteh\|title=Who's behind campaign to probe Rouhani's doctoral thesis?\|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/05/iran-rouhani-accusations-plagiarism-presidential-elections.html\|accessdate=25 May 2017\|work=Al-Monitor\|date=17 May 2017\|language=en-us\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803211511/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/05/iran-rouhani-accusations-plagiarism-presidential-elections.html\|archive-date=3 August 2017\|deadurl=yes\|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

	] ] accused Rouhani's rival of politicizing the case right before the elections. ], head of ]'s Commission on Education and Research, said that he had found major plagiarisms in chapter 4 of Rouhani's thesis and that the case would be investigated in Education and Research Commission.<ref name="Sadeghi"/> 50 student-run organizations<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://snn.ir/fa/news/621055\|title=Letter of Student Basij of 3 major universities in Tehran to Ayatollah Kalantari\|last=\|first=\|date=19 July 2017\|work=Student News Network\|accessdate=8 September 2017\|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171010172902/http://snn.ir/fa/news/621055/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%B9%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81-%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%8F%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF\|archive-date=10 October 2017\|dead-url=yes\|language=fa-IR\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> as well as Shiraz University faculty professors asked Ali Akbar Kalantari to prosecute the case in separate letters.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Weird response by a member of Article 90 Commission\|url=http://fars.farsnews.com/news/13960606000217\|accessdate=8 September 2017\|date=28 August 2017}}</ref>

	==Political activities before the Iranian Revolution==
	As a young cleric Hassan Rouhani started his political activities by following the ] during the beginning of the Iranian Islamist movement. In 1965, he began traveling throughout Iran making speeches against the government of the ], the ] (king) of Iran. During those years he was arrested many times and was banned from delivering public speeches.<ref name="Memoirs"/>{{rp\|232}}

	In November 1977, during a public ceremony held at Tehran's Ark Mosque to commemorate the death of Mostafa Khomeini (the elder son of the Ayatollah Khomeini), Rouhani used the title "Imam" for the Ayatollah Khomeini, the then exiled leader of the Islamist movement, for the first time.<ref name="Memoirs"/>{{rp\|375}}<ref name=pbs2012/> It has been suggested that the title has been used for Khomeini by others before, including by the ] ], although Rouhani was influential in publicizing the title.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.tabnak.ir/fa/news/477/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B8-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83-%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\|script-title=fa:استفاده از لفظ "امام" برای رهبر كبير انقلاب: ساواک قبل از حسن روحاني\|date=23 October 2007\|work=Tabnak\|language=Persian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.jamaran.ir/fa/NewsContent-id_19904.aspx \|script-title=fa:آیت‌الله خمینی چگونه به امام خمینی ملقب شد؟ \|trans-title=How was Ayatollah Khomeini named Imam Khomeini?\|language=Persian\|date=4 February 2012\|work=Jamaran}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.ical.ir/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=13182:%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AE%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9-%D8%A8%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA/-%D8%B1%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%85-%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%AA&Itemid=9\|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130617000019/http://www.ical.ir/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=13182:%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AE%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9-%D8%A8%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA/-%D8%B1%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%85-%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%AA&Itemid=9\|dead-url=yes\|archive-date=17 June 2013\|script-title=fa:عنوان "امام" برای امام خمینی برای بار اول توسط ساواک به‌کار رفته‌است\|author=Rahim Nikbakht\|date=4 June 2013\|trans-title=The title "Imam" for Imam Khomeini was first used by SAVAK\|language=Persian\|publisher=The Majlis Library, Museum, and Archive\|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

	Since he was under surveillance by ] (Iran's pre-revolution intelligence agency), the ] and the ] advised him to leave the country.<ref name="Memoirs"/>{{rp\|385}}

	Outside Iran he made public speeches to Iranian students studying abroad and joined Khomeini upon arriving in France.<ref name="Memoirs">{{cite book\|last=Rouhani\|first=Hassan\|title=Memoirs of Hassan Rouhani; Vol. 1: The Islamic Revolution\|year=2008\|publisher=Center for Strategic Research\|location=Tehran, Iran\|ISBN=978-600-5914-80-1\|<!-- total_pages=830 -->\|url=\|language=Persian}}</ref>{{rp\|410}}

	==Political career during the 1980s and 1990s==

	===Early years of Islamic Republic===
	Following the 1979 ], Rouhani, who had been engaged in revolutionary struggles for about two decades, did his best to stabilize the nascent ] and as a first step, he started with organizing the disorderly Iranian army and military bases.<ref name="Memoirs"/>{{rp\|515}} He was elected to the Majlis, the ], in 1980.
	During five terms in the Majlis and for a total of 20 years (from 1980 to 2000), he served in various capacities including deputy speaker of the Majlis (in 4th and 5th terms), as well as the head of defense committee (1st and 2nd terms), and foreign policy committee (4th and 5th terms).<ref name=pbs2012/>

	Among responsibilities shouldered by him in the post-revolution era was leadership of the supervisory council of the ] (IRIB) from 1980 to 1983.<ref name="CSR"/> In July 1983, while Rouhani was heading the council, the council members and Rouhani had conflicts<ref name="rafsanjani-31-tir-1362">{{cite web\|url=http://www.hashemirafsanjani.ir/content/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C-%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4-%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B4-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C\|author=Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani\|date=22 July 1983 \| work=آرامش و چالش\|script-title=fa:پیام رئیس‌جمهور کرۀ جنوبی به هاشمی/ گزارش دکتر روحانی از اختلافش با محمد هاشمی\|language=Persian}}</ref> with ] the then head of IRIB, which led to temporary replacement of Hashemi by first Rouhani and then immediately ].<ref name="rafsanjani-30-tir-1362">{{cite web\|url=http://www.hashemirafsanjani.ir/content/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1-%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AC%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%BE%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D9%87\|author=Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani\|date=21 July 1983\|script-title=fa:نظر هاشمی دربارۀ بازجویی سپاه از نمایندگان اقلیت مجلس/ عصبانیت امام از پخش خبر استعفای محمد هاشمی\|work=آرامش و چالش\|language=Persian\|deadurl=yes\|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130617000056/http://www.hashemirafsanjani.ir/content/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1-%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AC%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%BE%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D9%87\|archivedate=17 June 2013\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The conflict was resolved by the Ayatollah Khomeini intervening and insisting on Rafsanjani staying as the head of IRIB.<ref>{{cite web \|title=جزوۀ اِخوان‌المسلمین برای هاشمی/ سرپرستی جواد لاریجانی بر صداوسیما چگونه لغو شد؟ \|url=http://www.hashemirafsanjani.ir/content/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7-%DA%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87-%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%88-%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%9F\|date=23 July 1983\|author=Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani\|work=آرامش و چالش}}</ref>

	===Iran–Iraq War===
	{{Main\|Iran–Iraq War}}
	]
	During the ], Rouhani was a member of the Supreme Defense Council (1982–1988), member of the High Council for Supporting War and headed its Executive Committee (1986–1988), deputy commander of the war (1983–1985), commander of the Khatam-ol-Anbiya Operation Center (1985–1988), and commander of the Iran Air Defense Force (1986–1991).<ref name="CSR"/> He was appointed as Deputy to Second-in-Command of Iran's Joint Chiefs of Staff (1988–1989).<ref name="CSR"/>

	When ], Reagan's national security adviser, came to Tehran in May 1986, Rouhani was one of the three people who talked to McFarlane about buying weapons. Eventually, this weapons sale became known as the ].<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2012/08/the-guards-strategic-brain-trust-part-1-ghasem-soleimani-and-ahmad-vahidi.html \|title=The IRGC Strategic Brain Trust; Part 1: Ghasem Soleimani and Ahmad Vahidi\|work=PBS\|date=August 2012 \|accessdate=25 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/09/26/when_rouhani_met_ollie_north_iran \|title=Whebn Rouhani met Ollie North \|publisher=Foreignpolicy.com \|accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref>

	At the end of the war, Hassan Rouhani was awarded the second-grade ''Fath'' (Victory) Medal along with a group of commanders of the Iranian Army and the ]. In another ceremony on the occasion of the liberation of ], he and a group of other officials and military commanders who were involved in the war with Iraq were awarded first-grade ''Nasr'' Medal by the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces Ayatollah Khamenei.

	===After the war===
	Rouhani was offered and turned down the post of ] in 1989.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.hashemirafsanjani.ir/content/%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87-%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%87-%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA \|quote=دکتر روحانی آمد. مشکلات وزارت اطلاعات را گفت و اظهار عدم تمایل برای این سمت کرد؛ اصرار نکردم. \|author=Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani \|script-title=fa:گلایۀ هاشمی از اظهارنظر خودسرانۀ معاون وزیر خارجه/ نمودار سازمانیِ محمد هاشمی برای نهاد ریاست‌جمهوری \|date=8 August 1989 \|work=بازسازی و سازندگی \|language=Persian}}</ref>

	After the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran was amended and the ] (SNSC) came into being up to the present time, he has been representative of the Supreme Leader, ], at the council.<ref name="CSR" /> Rouhani was the first secretary of the SNSC and kept the post for 16 years from 1989 to 2005. He was also national security advisor – to President ] and President ] – for 13 years from 1989 to 1997 and from 2000 to 2005.<ref name="CSR" /> In 1991, Rouhani was appointed to the ] and has kept that post up to the present time. He heads the Political, Defense, and Security Committee of the Expediency Council.<ref name="CSR"/>

	After the ] he, as secretary of Supreme National Security Council, stated in a pro-government rally that "At dusk yesterday we received a decisive revolutionary order to crush mercilessly and monumentally any move of these opportunist elements wherever it may occur. From today our people shall witness how in the arena our law enforcement force . . . shall deal with these opportunists and riotous elements, if they simply dare to show their faces."<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/10121692/Iran-election-reports-of-late-surge-for-more-moderate-candidate-Hassan-Rowhani.html\|title=Iran election: reports of late surge for more moderate candidate Hassan Rowhani \|work=The Telegraph\|date=14 June 2013\|location=London\|first=Robert\|last=Tait}}</ref> and led the crackdown.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323566804578549262039104552\|title=Behind Iran's 'Moderate' New Leader\|work=The Wall Street Journal\|date=16 June 2013}}</ref>

	In the midterm elections for the third term of the ] which was held on 18 February 2000, Rouhani was elected to the ] from ]. He was elected as ]'s representative to the Assembly's fourth term in 2006 and is still serving in that capacity. He was the head of the political and social committee of the assembly of experts (from 2001 to 2006), member of the presiding board, and head of Tehran office of the secretariat of the assembly (from 2006 to 2008). On 5 March 2013, he was elected as a member of the Assembly's "Commission for investigating ways of protecting and guarding ]".<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.majlesekhobregan.ir/fa/CommissionView.html?MarkazID=812\|script-title=fa:اعضاى كمیسیون بررسى راه‌هاى پاسدارى و حراست از ولایت فقیه\|date=5 March 2013\|language=Persian\|publisher=The Secretariat of the Assembly of Experts}}</ref>

	In addition to executive posts, Rouhani kept up his academic activities. From 1995 to 1999, he was a member of the board of trustees of Tehran Universities and North Region. Rouhani has been running the Center for Strategic Research since 1991. He is the managing editor of three academic and research quarterlies in Persian and English, which include ''Rahbord'' (Strategy), ''Foreign Relations'', and the ''Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs''.

	==Nuclear dossier==
	{{main\|Nuclear program of Iran}}
	]'s first meeting, Tehran, Iran, 21 October 2003]]
	]
	Rouhani was secretary of the ] (SNSC) for 16 years. His leading role in the nuclear negotiations which brought him the nickname of "Diplomat Sheikh", first given to him by the nascent '']'' newspaper in November 2003 and was frequently repeated after that by domestic and foreign Persian-speaking media. His career at the Council began under President ] and continued under his successor, President ]. Heinonen, former senior IAEA official, said that Rouhani used to boast of how he had used talks with Western powers to "buy time to advance Iran's programme."<ref>, fathomjournal, 30 January 2014</ref> His term as Iran's top nuclear negotiator, however, was limited to 678 days (from 6 October 2003 to 15 August 2005). That period began with international revelations about Iran's nuclear energy program and adoption of a strongly worded resolution by the ] (IAEA). In June 2004, the board of governors of the IAEA issued a statement which was followed by a resolution in September of the same year, which focused on Iran's nuclear case with the goal of imposing difficult commitments on Iran. That development was concurrent with the victory of the United States in Iraq war and escalation of war rhetoric in the region. The international community was experiencing unprecedented tensions as a result of which Iran's nuclear advances were considered with high sensitivity.<ref name="NSND">{{cite book\|last=Rouhani\|first=Hassan\|title=National Security and Nuclear Diplomacy\|year=2011\|publisher=Center for Strategic Research\|location=Tehran, Iran\|ISBN=978-600-290-007-4\|<!-- total_pages=1209 -->\|url=\|language=Persian}}</ref>{{rp\|120–126}}

	As tensions increased and in view of the existing differences between Iran's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and ], a proposal was put forth by the foreign minister, ], which was accepted by the president and other Iranian leaders. According to that proposal, a decision was made to establish a politically, legally, and technically efficient nuclear team with Hassan Rouhani in charge. The team was delegated with special powers in order to formulate a comprehensive plan for Iran's interactions with the IAEA and coordination among various concerned organizations inside the country. Therefore, on the order of President Khatami with the confirmation of ], Hassan Rouhani took charge of Iran's nuclear case on 6 October 2003.<ref name="NSND"/>{{rp\|138–140}} Subsequently, negotiations between Iran and ] started at ] in ] and continued in later months in ], Geneva and Paris.
	] (FEMA) field hospital after the ]]]
	Rouhani and his team, whose members had been introduced by ] and Kharazi as the best diplomats in the Iranian Foreign Ministry,<ref name="NSND"/>{{rp\|109,141}} based their efforts on dialogue and confidence building due to political and security conditions. As a first step, they prevented further escalation of accusations against Iran in order to prevent reporting Iran's nuclear case to the ]. Therefore, and for the purpose of confidence building, certain parts of Iran's nuclear activities were voluntarily suspended at several junctures.

	In addition to building confidence, insisting on Iran's rights, reducing international pressures and the possibility of war, and preventing Iran's case from being reported to the UN Security Council, Iran succeeded in completing its ] and took groundbreaking steps.<ref name="NSND"/>{{rp\|660–667}} However, decisions made by the nuclear team under the leadership of Rouhani were criticized by certain circles in later years.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Former Chief Nuclear Negotiator Criticizes Ahmadinejad\|url=http://iranpulse.al-monitor.com/index.php/2012/10/486/irans-former-chief-nuclear-negotiator-criticizes-ahmadinejad-on-several-counts/\|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171010172920/http://iranpulse.al-monitor.com/index.php/2012/10/486/irans-former-chief-nuclear-negotiator-criticizes-ahmadinejad-on-several-counts/\|dead-url=yes\|archive-date=10 October 2017\|work=Iran Pulse\|date=15 October 2012\|accessdate=19 April 2013\|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|title=Iran's Former Nuclear Negotiator Slams Ahmadinejad, Calls Him 'Demagogue'\|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,525251,00.html\|publisher=Fox News Channel\|date=5 June 2009\|access-date=19 April 2013}}</ref>

	Following the election of ] as president, Rouhani resigned his post as secretary of the Supreme National Security Council after 16 years on 15 August 2005,<ref name="NSND"/>{{rp\|594,601}} and was succeeded by ] as the new secretary who also took charge of Iran's nuclear case. Larijani, likewise, could not get along with the policies of the new government and resigned his post on 20 October 2007, to be replaced by ]. Rouhani then was appointed by the Supreme Leader as his representative at the SNSC.<ref>{{cite web\|title=The Rise of the Pasdaran\|url=https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG821.pdf\|work=RAND Corporation\|accessdate=20 August 2013\|author=]\|author2=Jerrold D. Green \|author3=Brian Nichiporuk \|author4=Alireza Nader \|author5=Lydia Hansell \|author6=Rasool Nafisi \|author7=S. R. Bohandy \|year=2009}}</ref>

	==Presidential campaigns==
	===2013 presidential election===
	{{main\|Iranian presidential election, 2013}}
	{{see also\|Hassan Rouhani presidential campaign, 2013}}
	]
	]
	{{Quote box \|width=300px \|align=right \|salign=right
	\|quote =
	Our centrifuges are good to spin when our people's economy is also spinning in the right direction.
	\|source = Rouhani during TV debate<ref>{{cite news\|title=Iran votes Friday on a president, but the ballot is quite limited\|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/iran-votes-friday-on-a-president-but-the-ballot-is-quite-limited/2013/06/12/5fa7e820-d383-11e2-8cbe-1bcbee06f8f8_story.html\|newspaper=The Washington Post \| first=Editorial\|last=Board\|date=12 June 2013}}</ref>
	}}
	Rouhani was considered a leading candidate in the June election because of his centrist views yet close ties to Iran's ruling clerics and the ].<ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2013/06/04/307130/rohani-to-form-inclusive-administration/\|title=Presidential candidate Rouhani says will form inclusive administration\|publisher=Press TV\|date=4 June 2013\|accessdate=15 June 2013}}</ref> He announced his presidential candidacy on 11 March 2013 and registered as a presidential candidate on 7 May. Amid the run-up to the election, former presidents ] and ], together with ] supported Rouhani on the presidential race after pro-reform candidate ] dropped out of the presidential race after Khatami advised him to quit in favor of Rouhani.<ref>{{cite news\|last=Torbati\|first=Yeganeh\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/06/11/us-iran-election-idUSBRE95A09O20130611 \|title=Khatami, reformists back Rohani in Iran presidential vote\|agency=Reuters\|date=11 June 2013\|accessdate=15 June 2013}}</ref> On 10 June, ] and ], suggested that Rouhani might be disqualified prior to the election<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://en.trend.az/regions/iran/2159600.html \|title=Iranian presidential candidate Rouhani might get disqualified prior to elections\|work=Trend\|accessdate=18 June 2013}}</ref> and '']'', in an editorial, predicted that Rouhani "will not be allowed to win".<ref>{{cite news \|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/iran-votes-friday-on-a-president-but-the-ballot-is-quite-limited/2013/06/12/5fa7e820-d383-11e2-8cbe-1bcbee06f8f8_story.html\|title=Iran votes Friday on a president, but the ballot is quite limited\|newspaper=The Washington Post\|date=13 June 2013\|accessdate=18 June 2013\|author=Editorial Board}}</ref> On 15 June 2013, Interior Minister ] announced the results of the election, with a total number of 36,704,156 ballots cast; Rouhani won 18,613,329 votes, while his main rival ] secured 6,077,292 votes.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news\|title=Hassan Rouhani leads Iran presidential election vote count\|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-22916174\|publisher=BBC News\|date=15 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url=http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9203183026\|title=Rouhani Wins Iran's Presidential Election\|agency=Fars News Agency\|accessdate=15 June 2013\|deadurl=yes\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619045031/http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=9203183026\|archivedate=19 June 2013\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Rouhani performed well with both the middle class and youth, even garnering majority support in religious cities such as ] and ] (an important seat of Shia Islam and the clergy, many of whom surprisingly do not support conservatives)<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/contents/articles/opinion/2013/04/qom-holy-shiite-city-mystery.html\|title=Iran's Qom: Mystery and Surprise At the Hawza\|work=Al-Monitor\|date=3 February 2009\|accessdate=3 November 2013\|deadurl=yes\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029183821/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/tr/contents/articles/opinion/2013/04/qom-holy-shiite-city-mystery.html\|archivedate=29 October 2013\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> as well as small towns and villages.<ref name=Fassihi/> Rouhani's electoral landslide victory was widely seen as the result of the ] from the ], with crowds chanting pro-reform slogans. Religious Iranians equally celebrated Rouhani's victory, demonstrating what analysts described as a thorough rejection of the policies of the conservative factions.<ref name=Fassihi/>

	===2017 presidential election===
	{{main\|Iranian presidential election, 2017}}
	{{see also\|Hassan Rouhani presidential campaign, 2017}}
	] at the ]]]
	Rouhani saw off a strong challenge from hardline ] at the ], a fellow cleric with radically different politics, who stirred up populist concerns about the sluggish economy, lambasted Rouhani for seeking foreign investment and appealed to religious conservatives. He had gathered momentum as conservatives keen to win back control of the government coalesced behind Raisi's initially lacklustre campaign. His other rivals were ] and ].

	Rouhani ultimately won the election in a landslide, providing a ringing endorsement of his efforts to re-engage with the West and offer greater freedoms.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/20/iran-hassan-rouhani-set-for-landslide-in-huge-victory-for-reformists\|title=Iran: Hassan Rouhani set for landslide in huge victory for reformists \|date=20 May 2017}}</ref> He received 23,636,652 of the votes,<ref name="moi-2017"/> in an election that had 73.07% turnout.

	==Presidency (2013–present)==
	{{main\|Government of Hassan Rouhani (2013–17)\|Government of Hassan Rouhani (2017–present)}}
	In his press conference one day after election day, Rouhani reiterated his promise to recalibrate Iran's relations with the world. He promised greater openness and to repair the country's international standing, offering greater nuclear transparency in order to restore international trust.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/hassan-rowhani-and-iran-s-new-diplomatic-opportunities-by-javier-solana\|title=The Iranian Message\|last1=Solana\|first1=Javier \|authorlink=Javier Solana\|date=20 June 2013\|publisher=]\|accessdate=5 November 2013}}</ref> Revolutionary Guards Major General Mohammad Jafari criticised Rouhani's administration. "The military, systems and procedures governing the administrative system of the country are the same as before, has been slightly modified and unfortunately infected by Western doctrine, and a fundamental change must occur. The main threat to the revolution is in the political arena and the Guards cannot remain silent in the face of that." In May 2017, Rouhani was re-elected as President with 23.5 million votes.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.euronews.com/2017/05/20/iran-president-hassan-rouhani-wins-re-election-interior-ministry\|title=Iran: President Hassan Rouhani wins re-election\|date=2017-05-20\|website=euronews\|access-date=2017-05-22}}</ref>

	{{main\|First Inauguration of Hassan Rouhani\|Second Inauguration of Hassan Rouhani}}
	] with Chief Justice ] at his left]]
	He was announced the winner on the day following the election. He received his presidential precept from his predecessor, ] on 3 August 2013 and entered ] in a private ceremony. His work as president officially began on the same day at 17:00 ]. He was inaugurated as the seventh president of Iran on 4 August in ].<ref>{{cite news\|title=Iranian President Rouhani takes oath of office before parliament\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/04/us-iran-rouhani-oath-idUSBRE97304X20130804\|accessdate=4 August 2013\|agency=Reuters\|date=4 August 2013}}</ref>

	===Cabinet===
	{{main\|Confirmations of Hassan Rouhani's Cabinet}}
	{{see also\|Cabinet of Iran}}
	]
	Rouhani announced his cabinet on 4 August. He had a ten-day mandate for introducing his cabinet members to the parliament but he did not use this. Then, parliament voted on his cabinet, which was scheduled on 14–19 August. Between three reformist politicians (], ] or ]) that were likely for the vice presidency, Rouhani appointed Jahangiri for the position. There were also many candidates for ministry of foreign affairs: ], ], ], ] and ] but Zarif became Rouhani's final nominee.<ref name="BolandaNews.ir">{{cite web\|url=http://bolandanews.ir/culture-and-art/view/26109%3A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D8%B2+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87+%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA+%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%85\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620091004/http://www.bolandanews.ir/culture-and-art/view/26109%3A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D8%B2+%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87+%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA+%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%85\|dead-url=yes\|archive-date=2013-06-20\|script-title=fa:رونمایی از کابینۀ احتمالی دولت یازدهم\|language=Persian\|work=Bolanda News}}</ref> Although several names were being circulated for the other ministerial posts before the final announcement, the office of president-elect denied these speculations. On 23 July 2013, it was reported that eight members of Rouhani's cabinet had been finalized: ] as first vice president, ] as foreign minister, ] as interior minister, ] as finance minister, ] as defense minister, ] as petroleum minister, ] as education minister, ] as energy minister, ] as industries minister, Hassan Hashemi as health minister and ] as transportation minister.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://iranelect.ir/showpage.aspx?id=165544&title=%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%AA-%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C \|title=هشت نفر از اعضای کابینۀ روحانی نهایی شدند +اسامی Iran Elections \|publisher=Iranelect.ir \|accessdate=3 November 2013 \|deadurl=yes \|df= \|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130723185206/http://iranelect.ir/showpage.aspx?id=165544&title=%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%AA-%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C \|archivedate=23 July 2013 }}</ref> This become official after Rouhani presented the list of his ministry nominates to the parliament on his inauguration day. He also appointed ] as his chief of staff.

	], after a cabinet meeting]]

	===Domestic policy===
	{{see also\|2017–18 Iranian protests}}
	====Economic====
	{{see also\|Economy of Iran\|Taxation in Iran}}

	The economic policy of Hassan Rouhani focuses on the long-term economic development of Iran. It deals with increasing the ] of the public, economic growth, ], implementation of the general policies of 44th Principle of the ] and improving the business environment in the short term.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.rouhani.ir/issue.php?issue_id=6\|title=Improvement of people's livelihood\|work=Rouhani\|accessdate=30 June 2013\|deadurl=yes\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130713133331/http://www.rouhani.ir/issue.php?issue_id=6\|archivedate=13 July 2013\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Rouhani believes that improving the economic conditions of the people should be accomplished by boosting the purchasing power of the people, reducing the wealth gap. He also thinks that equitable distribution of national wealth and economic growth lead to all mentioned economic goals. He states that if ] was not created, ]. National wealth creation causes an increase in real ] and equitable distribution of wealth. His plan is targeted to increase direct and indirect assistance to low-income groups.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.rajanews.com/detail.asp?id=160319\|title=The main topics of Rouhani economic programs\|work=Raja News\|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref>

	Rouhani is urgently going to regenerate the ]. His economic policies also comprise optimal distribution of ], control of ] and inflation, speeding economic growth and reducing import. He believes that inflation results in damaging effects on the economy of families and hopes to deflate that in '']''.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.rouhani.ir/issue.php?issue_id=2\|title=inflation\|work=Official website\|accessdate=30 June 2013\|deadurl=yes\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130713132819/http://www.rouhani.ir/issue.php?issue_id=2\|archivedate=13 July 2013\|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

	Rouhani plans urgent economic priorities such as control of high inflation, increasing purchasing power and cutting down high unemployment.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://penzanews.ru/en/opinion/53711-2013\|title=Hassan Rouhani's election as Iranian president to soften dialogue between Iran and West\|work=Penza News\|accessdate =30 June 2013}}</ref>

	====Culture and media====
	{{see also\|Culture of Iran\|Censorship in Iran}}

	According to a March 2014 report by ], since Rouhani takeover in 2013, "Censorship of the Internet has only gotten worse, but it's more and more clear that Rouhani does not have complete control over this process".<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://cima.ned.org/sites/default/files/CIMA-Iran.pdf \|title=Archived copy \|accessdate=2014-12-05 \|deadurl=yes \|archiveurl=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20150113054230/http://cima.ned.org/sites/default/files/CIMA-Iran.pdf \|archivedate=13 January 2015 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref>

	Regarding internet censorship, he has stated: "Gone are the days when a wall could be built around the country. Today there are no more walls." He has also criticized ] for showing trivial foreign news, while ignoring pressing national matters.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21582567-hassan-rohani-strikes-liberal-tone-he-ascends-presidency-smoother \|title=Iran's new president: Smoother operator \|work=The Economist \|date=3 August 2013 \|accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref> Rouhani also appeared to pledge his support for increasing ] and other political and social freedoms. In an interview, he said: "We want the people, in their private lives, to be completely free, and in today’s world having access to information and the right of free dialogue, and the right to think freely, is the right of all peoples, including the people of Iran."<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/09/19/20573897-exclusive-iran-president-blames-israel-for-instability-calls-for-peace?lite\|title=Iran president blames Israel for 'instability,' calls for peace \|publisher=NBC News\|date=19 September 2013\|accessdate=25 October 2013}}</ref>

	====Human and women's rights====
	{{see also\|Human rights in Iran}}
	Rouhani has maintained a policy of not publicly addressing human rights issues, on which he may have limited powers.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/iran-blog/2014/apr/28/time-rouhani-broke-silence-human-rights-iran\|title=It is time Rouhani broke his silence on human rights abuses in Iran\|author=Saeed Kamali Dehghan\|work=The Guardian}}</ref>

	] parade]]

	Rouhani is a supporter of ]. In a speech after he was elected as the President of Iran, he said: <blockquote>There must be equal opportunities for women. There is no difference between man and woman in their creation, in their humanity, in their pursuit of knowledge, in their understanding, in their intelligence, in their religious piety, in serving God and in serving people.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13920528000324\|title=مشروح/ در مراسم تودیع و معارفۀ وزرای کشور روحانی: معجزه‌گر نیستم/ به استفاده از یک جناح در کابینه اعتقاد ندارم\|work=Fars News\|accessdate=25 October 2013}}</ref></blockquote>

	Rouhani's government appointed ], ] and ] as vice presidents; as well as ], the first female spokesperson for the foreign ministry. Rouhani has promised to set up a ministry for women. Many women's rights activists, however, are reluctant about a ministry for women; because they feel that this ministry may isolate women's issues. It has also been suggested that Rouhani will require a deputy minister position within each ministry to address gender issues and issues pertaining to women.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.awid.org/News-Analysis/Friday-Files/Breaking-Through-the-Iron-Ceiling-Iran-s-New-Government-and-the-Hopes-of-the-Iranian-Women-s-Movements\|title=Breaking Through the Iron Ceiling: Iran’s New Government and the Hopes of the Iranian Women’s Movements\|publisher=AWID\|date=13 September 2013\|accessdate=25 October 2013\|deadurl=yes\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003024746/http://awid.org/News-Analysis/Friday-Files/Breaking-Through-the-Iron-Ceiling-Iran-s-New-Government-and-the-Hopes-of-the-Iranian-Women-s-Movements\|archivedate=3 October 2013\|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
	], May 2017]]

	In September 2013, eleven political prisoners were freed including noted human rights lawyer ] and ]. The move came just days before his visit to the United States for the ].<ref>{{cite news\|author=Rana Rahimpour\|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-24151298\|title=Iran: Nasrin Sotoudeh 'among freed political prisoners'\|publisher=BBC\|date=18 September 2013\|accessdate=25 October 2013}}</ref>

	Critics say that little has changed in domestic policy since Rouhani took office. Iranian authorities executed 599 people during Rouhani's first 14 months in power, compared with 596 during the last year in office of his predecessor, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Iran has the highest number of executions anywhere in the world, apart from China.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/11131075/Irans-president-attacks-Camerons-unacceptable-remarks-as-woman-faces-execution.html\|title=Iran's president attacks Cameron's 'unacceptable' remarks as woman faces execution\|work=The Telegraph\|date=30 September 2014\|accessdate=10 June 2015}}</ref> Nobel Peace Prize winner ] has criticized Rouhani's human rights record. She cited the increase in executions, ]'s hunger strike, and the continued house arrest of ] and ]. An Iranian spokesperson said Ebadi's comments would end up provoking animosity towards Iran.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/irans-ebadi-criticizes-rouhanis-rights-record-151848906.html \|title=Iran's Ebadi criticizes Rouhani's rights record \|publisher=yahoo.com \|date=6 November 2013 \|accessdate=1 April 2014}}</ref><ref> Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.</ref><ref> ''Humanitarian News''</ref>

	In 2015, Rouhani appointed ] and ], as the first female since the 1979 (the second in history) and the first ] ] respectively, to hold office as ambassadors.<ref>{{cite news\|title=IRAN APPOINTS FIRST FEMALE AMBASSADOR SINCE 1979 ISLAMIC REVOLUTION
	\|url=http://europe.newsweek.com/iran-female-ambassador-336255\|accessdate=10 January 2017\|work=]\|date=11 November 2015\|author=CONOR GAFFEY}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|url=http://www.irna.ir/en/News/81762382/\|title=First ever Sunni diplomat named Iran ambassador to Hanoi\|work=IRNA\|date=16 September 2015\|accessdate=2 January 2017}}</ref>

	===Foreign policy===
	{{see also\|Foreign relations of Iran\|List of international presidential trips made by Hassan Rouhani\|World Against Violence and Extremism}}
	] in ] during the ], 22 November 2015.]]
	] (left), an experienced Iranian diplomat, as ].]]
	Rouhani's foreign policy has been contained by the conservatism of ], who fear change, while also realizing it is necessary. Furthermore, Iran's foreign policy, which was deadlocked by the efforts of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, needs new predecessor by cautious and decisive efforts of Rouhani.{{clarify\|date=April 2014}} The main task of Rouhani is only to develop dialogues between Iran and Political rivals including ]. This course can help lift sanctions that damaged the Iranian economy.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://carnegie.ru/eurasiaoutlook/?fa=52224 \|title=How Much Can Iran's Foreign Policy Change After Rowhani's Victory? \|last=Malashenko \|first=Alexey \|authorlink=<!-- http://carnegie.ru/experts/?fa=369 --> \|date=27 June 2013 \|publisher=] \|accessdate=7 November 2013 \|deadurl=yes \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109160611/http://carnegie.ru/eurasiaoutlook/?fa=52224 \|archivedate=9 November 2013 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref>

	In March 2015, Rouhani sent a letter to ] and the heads of the other five countries negotiating with Iran, explaining Iran's stance. He announced it on his Twitter account. The US National Security Council confirmed that the letter had been passed on to the U.S. negotiating team, but its contents were not released. Rouhani also spoke by phone with the leaders of all the nations involved in the negotiations, except for the United States.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/final-make-or-break-moment-for-iran-nuclear-talks/2015/03/26/835ac586-d25e-11e4-8b1e-274d670aa9c9_story.html\|title=Final make-or-break moment for Iran nuclear talks\|author=Carol Morello\|date=26 March 2015\|work=The Washington Post}}</ref>

	====Nuclear talks====
	{{main\|Joint Plan of Action\|Iran nuclear deal framework\|Negotiations leading to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action\|Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action}}

	] agreement, 1 May 2015]]

	====United Kingdom====
	{{see also\|Iran–United Kingdom relations}}
	Rouhani met with ] ], marking the first time since the ] that the leaders of Iran and the United Kingdom have met.<ref>{{cite news\|url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/24/leaders-uk-iran-cameron-rouhani-meet-un-new-york\|title= Leaders of UK and Iran meet for first time since 1979 Islamic revolution \|accessdate=21 April 2015\|work=]\|date=24 September 2014}}</ref> On 20 February 2014 the ] was restored and the two countries agreed to restart diplomatic relations.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Britain Iran resume Diplomatic Ties as Iranian Embassy restored in London\|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/02/britain-iran-resume-diplomatic-ties-as-iranian-embassy-restored-in-london/\|agency=Indo-Asian News Service\|publisher=news.biharprabha.com\|accessdate=21 February 2014}}</ref>
	On 23 August 2015 the embassy was officially reopened.<ref>{{Cite web\| title = British embassy in Tehran reopens four years after closure\| publisher = BBC News\| accessdate = 10 September 2015\| url = https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-34031615}}</ref>

	====United States====
	{{see also\|Iran–United States relations}}
	Rouhani's visit to New York City in September 2013 was hailed{{who\|date=September 2014}} as major progress in Iran's relations with the United States. He previously said that his government is ready to hold talks with the United States after thirty-two years. Rouhani denied reports that during his trip he had refused a meeting with U.S. President ],<ref name="reuters1">{{cite news\|title=Iranians cheer, protest over Rouhani's historic phone call with Obama\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/09/28/us-iran-usa-idUSBRE98R06720130928\|accessdate=30 September 2013\|agency=Reuters\|date=28 September 2013\|author=Marcus George\|location=Dubai}}</ref> and felt more time was needed to coordinate such a meeting.<ref name="reuters1"/> On 27 September 2013, a day after the two countries foreign ministers met during the ] and Iran talks, Rouhani had a phone call with President Obama that marked two countries' highest political exchange since 1979.<ref name="reuters1"/><ref> NBC News 27 September 2013</ref><ref> ''National Post'' 27 September 2013</ref> However, due to this phone call Rouhani was protested by conservatives who chanted "]" when he returned to Tehran.<ref name="reuters1"/>

	====Syria====
	{{see also\|Iranian support for Syria in the Syrian civil war\|Iran–Syria relations}}
	] and ]. Russia, 22 November 2017]]
	It is generally assumed that he will follow the ruling establishment in completely supporting ], Syria's contentious president, in the ], as well as "strengthening the ]" that runs from southern Lebanon, through Syria, Iraq and into Iran.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21579826-irans-new-president-hassan-rohani-has-been-hailed-abroad-reformist-breath \|title=Iran's new president: Will he make a difference? \|work=The Economist \|date=22 June 2013 \|accessdate=3 November 2013}}</ref> In his first press conference after winning the presidential election, Rouhani said that "the ultimate responsibility to resolve the Syrian civil war should be in the hands of the Syrian people."<ref>{{cite news\|title=Iran's Rohani hopes all will seize chance of friendly ties\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/06/17/us-iran-election-relations-idUSBRE95G0G920130617\|agency=Reuters\|date=17 June 2013}}</ref>

	====Iraq====
	{{see also\|Iran–Iraq relations\|Iran and ISIL\|Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)}}
	Rouhani has termed ] "brotherly" and signed several agreements with Iraq.<ref>{{cite news\|title=President Rouhani: Iran to Stand beside Iraq in War on Terrorism\|url=http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13930927000515\|accessdate=29 April 2015\|agency=Fars News Agency\|date=18 December 2014}}</ref> Right after the ], Iran was the first country to send support for Iraq<ref>{{cite news\|last1=Gomes Guimarães \|first1=Bruno\|last2=Scalabrin Müller\|first2=Marcelo \|url=http://thediplomat.com/2014/12/iran-joins-isis-fight/\|title=Iran Joins ISIS Fight\|accessdate=21 April 2015\|work=]\|date=9 December 2014}}</ref> and is a "key player" in ].<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/3/18/could-irans-elite-military-force-defeat-isil.html\|title=Could Iran's elite military force defeat ISIL?\|accessdate=21 April 2015\|publisher=]\|date=18 March 2015}}</ref>

	====Saudi Arabia====
	{{see also\|Iran–Saudi Arabia relations}}
	On Iran's relationship to Saudi Arabia, Rouhani wrote that during the Khatami administration, he, as the secretary-general of the National Security Council at that time, reached "a comprehensive and strategic agreement" with the Saudis, but that this agreement was not upheld during the ]. Specifically, while discussing the episode, he stated:
	{{quote\|text=there was a consensus that we should have good relations with Saudi Arabia. No one within the nezaam was opposed to it. I went to Saudi Arabia for the first time in 1998. At that time Saudi Arabia had accused us of involvement in the ] bombing. I went to Saudi Arabia as the secretary-general of the SNSC. From their side, ] took part in the negotiations. The negotiations began at 10 p.m. and lasted until 5 a.m. the next morning. We finally agreed on a security agreement. I returned to Saudi Arabia in 2005, and had extensive discussions about the region, mutual problems between us, and the nuclear issue. We agreed with Nayef to form four committees. They were supposed to convene every few months and pursue the issues. After I left secretary-general, none of the committees were formed and there were no meetings.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Former Iran Nuclear Negotiator: Bush Negotiation Bid Was Rebuffed\|url= https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2012/05/qa-former-iran-nuclear-negotiator-bush-negotiation-bid-was-rebuffed.html\|work=PBS\|date=12 May 2012\|accessdate=20 June 2013}}</ref>\|sign=Hassan Rouhani\|source=''Sterateji-ye Amniat-e Melli Jomhouri-ye Eslami-ye Iran (National Security Strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran)''}}

	] with Swedish Prime Minister ], 11 February 2017]]
	Rouhani has criticized ], saying: "Don't bomb children, elderly men and women in Yemen. Attacking the oppressed will bring disgrace."<ref>"". ]. 19 April 2015.</ref>

	====Israel====
	{{see also\|Iran–Israel relations}}

	Rouhani describes Israel as "an occupier and usurper government" that "does injustice to the people of the region, and has brought instability to the region, with its warmongering policies." When asked to clarify his opinion about the Holocaust, Rouhani replied: "... in general, I can tell you that any crime that happens in history against humanity, including the crime the Nazis created towards the Jews as well as non-Jews is reprehensible and condemnable. Whatever criminality they committed against the Jews, we condemn".<ref> Saeed Kamali Dehghan, ''The Guardian'', 25 September 2013</ref> In an interview with CNN, it was claimed by the CNN translator that Rouhani had acknowledged the existence of the Holocaust, however CNN's statements were accused by Iranian state media as a fabrication created by a deliberate mistranslation by CNN.<ref> RT (TV network) 26 September 2013</ref> Other sources, such as the Wall Street Journal, argued that their independent translators corroborated Iranian media's position, and described CNN's translation as highly inaccurate, having added to their translation many words (such as 'holocaust') that he had not said.<ref> ''The Wall Street Journal'', 26 September 2013</ref> In November 2018, Rouhani called Israel a "cancerous tumor established by Western countries to advance their interests in the Middle East."<ref> ''The New York Times'', 24 November 2018</ref>

	=== Public image and perception ===
	According to a poll conducted in March 2016 by ''Information and Public Opinion Solutions LLC'' (iPOS) among Iranian citizens, Rouhani has 75% approval and 12% disapproval ratings and thus a +54% net popularity, making him the second most popular politician in Iran, after ] with +69% net popularity. Rouhani surpasses ] (+52%), ] (+43%) and ] (+38%) who take the following places. The firm states with 95% confidence that the margin of sampling error is ±3 percentage points.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.ipos.me/polls/2016/05/24/zarif/\|title= ظریف محبوب‌ترین چهره سیاسی ایران \|work=Information and Public Opinion Solutions LLC\|date=24 May 2016\|access-date=24 May 2016\|language=Persian}}</ref>
	]]]

	==== Job approval ====
	Rouhani began his presidency in November 2013 with approval and disapproval ratings near 58% and 27% respectively,<ref name="TIP">{{cite web\|url=http://iranprimer.usip.org/blog/2015/sep/02/poll-rouhani-approval-rating-improves\|title= Poll: Rouhani Approval Rating Improves\|work=The Iran Primer\|publisher=United States Institute of Peace\|date=2 September 2015\|access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref> according to ''Information and Public Opinion Solutions LLC'' (iPOS) which is assessing it on a quarterly basis. It gradually fell down to 48% and he recorded a 33% disapproval rating in May 2015.<ref name="TIP"/>
	His job approval boosted after ], according to the survey conducted by '']'' for the ''University of Maryland's Center for International and Security Studies'' (CISSM), standing on 88% with a large majority (61%) expressing a "very favorable view" of him (up from 51% in July 2014) and a ±3.2 margin of sampling error. The poll also indicated Rouhani has a "tough challenge" in maintaining the support due to the fact that people have high economic expectations from the deal, and it could become his ].<ref>{{cite web\|author=Jasmin Ramsey\|url=http://lobelog.com/new-iran-deal-poll-cissm-rouhani-support/\|title= The Nuclear Deal Was A Win for Rouhani. But Iranians Have High Expectations\|publisher=Lobelog\|date=9 September 2015\|access-date=24 May 2016}}</ref> ''iPOS'' has recorded a 54% approval and 24% disapproval, days after the deal in August 2015.<ref name="TIP"/> The trend has continued until February 2016, with 67% and 18% approval and disapproval ratings, marking the highest level since he took office.<ref>{{cite web\|author=Barbara Slavin\|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/02/poll-shows-high-voter-turnout-iran-elections.html\|title=Poll predicts big turnout for Iran elections\|publisher=Al-Monitor\|date=25 February 2016\|access-date=24 May 2016\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704071830/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/02/poll-shows-high-voter-turnout-iran-elections.html\|archive-date=4 July 2016\|dead-url=yes\|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
	{{Image frame\|width=600\|align=center\|
	\|caption = Results of Rouhani's approval ratings conducted by ]
	and ] referring to Very favorable (dark green), Somewhat favorable (light green), Somewhat unfavorable (light red) and Very unfavorable (dark red)<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.cissm.umd.edu/sites/default/files/Iranian%20Attitudes%20in%20the%20Trump%20Era%20-%20Questionnaire%20-%20FINAL.pdf\|title=Iranian Public Opinion on Key National and International Issues\|work=Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland (CISSM) & IranPoll.com\|date=January 2017\|access-date=4 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5525d831e4b09596848428f2/t/58f4035b5016e1718c7b5acf/1492386653025/IranPoll+pre-election+results+2017-4-16.pdf\|title=Iranian Presidential Election 2017 Pre-election National Opinion Polls (April 2017)\|work=IranPoll.com\|date=April 2017\|access-date=18 April 2017}}</ref>
	\|content =
	{{Graph:Chart
	\|height=200
	\|type = stackedarea
	\|width=500
	\|xAxisFormat = %y
	\|xAxisTitle = Time
	\|yAxisMin=0
	\|yAxisMax=100
	\|yAxisTitle = Percentage
	\|y1Title = Very favorable
	\|y2Title = Somewhat favorable
	\|y3Title = Somewhat unfavorable
	\|y4Title = Very unfavorable
	\|x = July 2014 , Aug 2015, Jan 2016, Mar 2016, Jun 2016, Dec 2016, Apr 2017
	\|y1 = 7, 4.7, 6.8, 6.4, 8.8, 15.6, 16
	\|y2 = 51, 61.2, 42.1, 40.4, 37.8, 28.3, 23
	\|y3 = 34, 27.9, 40, 43.3, 44.1, 40.4, 35
	\|y4 = 6, 4.3, 8.4, 6.7, 7.6, 12.7, 19
	\|colors = Crimson, seagreen, MediumAquamarine, DarkRed
	}}
	}}

	==Political positions==
	Rouhani is considered to be a moderate and pragmatic politician.<ref name=Fassihi/> In 2000, the ] described him as "power-hungry".<ref name=wbuc>{{cite book\|last=Buchta\|first=Wilfried\|title=Who rules Iran?: The structure of power in the Islamic Republic\|year=2000\|publisher=The Washington Inst. for Near East Policy \|location=Washington, DC\|isbn=0-944029-39-6\|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/WhoRulesIran.pdf}}</ref> He was elected as president with heavy reformist support, and he pledged to follow through with reformist demands and to bridge divides between reformists and conservatives.<ref name=Torbati>{{cite news\|last=Torbati\|first=Yeganeh\|title=Iran's Rouhani hints will balance hardliner, reformist demands\|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/06/29/us-iran-rouhani-idUSBRE95S06020130629\|agency=Reuters\|date=29 June 2013}}</ref>

	During the ], Rouhani's views moved more to the ] and he fully aligned with the ] faction.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web\|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-22886729\|title=Profile: Hassan Rouhani, President of Iran\|date=\|work=]\|accessdate=May 20, 2017}}</ref>

	==Electoral history==
	{{main\|Electoral history of Hassan Rouhani}}
	].]]
	{\| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
	\|-
	! Year !! Election !!Votes !! % !! Rank !! Notes
	\|-
	\|1980\|\|]\|\|19,017\|\|62.1\|\|'''1st'''
	\| style="background-color:#CCFFCC"\|Won
	\|-
	\|1984\|\|]\|\|729,965 \|\|58.3\|\|17th
	\| style="background-color:#CCFFCC"\|Won
	\|-
	\|1988\|\|]\|\|{{decrease}} 412,895 \|\|{{decrease}} 42.1\|\|
	\| style="background-color:#CCFFCC"\|Won
	\|-
	\|1992\|\|]\|\|{{increase}} 432,767 \|\|{{increase}} 47\|\|
	\| style="background-color:#CCFFCC"\|Won
	\|-
	\|1996\|\|]\|\|{{increase}} 465,440 \|\|{{decrease}} 32.5\|\|
	\| style="background-color:#CCFFCC"\|Won
	\|-
	\|rowspan="2"\|2000\|\|]\|\|{{increase}} 498,916 \|\| {{decrease}} 17.02\|\|40th
	\| style="background-color:#C66"\|Lost
	\|-
	\|] <small>mid-term</small>\|\|120,819 \|\|47.56 \|\|'''1st'''
	\| style="background-color:#CCFFCC"\|Won
	\|-
	\|2006\|\|]\|\|844,190\|\|\|\|7th
	\| style="background-color:#CCFFCC"\|Won
	\|-
	\|2013\|\|]\|\|18,613,329\|\|50.88\|\|'''1st'''
	\| style="background-color:#CCFFCC"\|Won
	\|-
	\|2016\|\|]
	\|\|{{increase}} 2,238,166\|\|{{increase}} 49.72\|\|3rd
	\| style="background-color:#CCFFCC"\|Won
	\|-
	\|2017\|\|]\|\|{{increase}} 23,636,652\|\|{{increase}} 57.14\|\|'''1st'''
	\| style="background-color:#CCFFCC"\|Won
	\|}

	==Personal life==
	]]]
	]
	Rouhani married his cousin, ] (Rouhani),<ref name="khabaronline.ir">{{cite web\|url=http://khabaronline.ir/detail/304452/society/family \|title=همسران رؤسای جمهور ایران چه کسانی هستند؟ \|work=Khabar Online\|date=13 July 2013\|accessdate=25 July 2013}}</ref> who is six years younger, when he was around 20 years old<ref name="mother-interview"/><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.yjc.ir/fa/news/4105278/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AE-%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%8A%D9%83-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%8A-%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%DA%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF\|script-title=fa:پاسخ سیاستمداران ایرانی به يك سؤال خصوصي؛ همسر خود را چگونه انتخاب كرديد؟ \|trans-title=Iranian politicians answer a personal question; how did you choose your spouse?\|language=Persian\|date=28 September 2012\|publisher=Young Journalists Club}}</ref> and has four children (one son and three daughters).<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.mashreghnews.ir/fa/news/217330/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%88-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1\|script-title=fa:کاندیداها و فرزندانشان +تصاویر\|trans-title=Candidates and their children+Images\|language=Persian\|date=24 May 2013\|work=Mashregh News}}</ref> Rouhani's wife changed her last name from "Еrabi" ({{lang-fa\|عربی}}) to "Rouhani" some time after marriage.<ref name="mehr-sorkheh"/> Born in 1954, she is not politically active.<ref name="khabaronline.ir"/> '']'' and the '']'' reported that Rouhani also had a fifth child, a son who has died in unknown circumstances.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/20/hassan-rouhani-iran-president-profile\|title=Hassan Rouhani, 'ultimate insider' who holds key to a more moderate Iran\|work=The Guardian\|date=20 June 2013\|accessdate=26 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/bf91e762-d906-11e2-84fa-00144feab7de.html\|title=Hassan Rohani: Iran's president-elect\|work=Financial Times\|date=21 June 2013\|accessdate=29 August 2013}}</ref> Based on a comment by ], some sources reported that he committed suicide "in protest of his father's close connection with Supreme Leader ]".<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4393748,00.html\|title=Son's suicide is Rohani's dark secret\|work=Ynet news\|accessdate=18 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/Analysis/Outside-View/2013/07/02/Outside-View-Rouhanis-election/UPI-38591372737960/\|title=Rouhani's election\|agency=]\|accessdate=2 July 2013}}</ref> This claim, apparently originating from Nourizadeh's report in the Saudi-owned newspaper '']'', included the following text which allegedly came from the son's ]: "I hate your government, your lies, your corruption, your religion, your double standard and your hypocrisy...I was forced to lie to my friends each day, telling them that my father isn't part of all of this. Telling them my father loves this nation, whereas I believe this to be untrue. It makes me sick seeing you, my father, kiss the hand of Khamenei."<ref name="Avni">{{cite news\|last1=Avni\|first1=Benny\|title=Damning Suicide Note to Iran's New Prez\|url=https://nypost.com/2013/06/20/damning-suicide-note-to-irans-new-prez/\|accessdate=18 July 2016\|work=New York Post\|date=20 June 2013\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307221026/http://nypost.com/2013/06/20/damning-suicide-note-to-irans-new-prez/\|archivedate=7 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="Blum">{{cite news\|last1=Blum \|first1=Ruthie \|title=No New Dawn in Iran \|url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2016/03/01/no-new-dawn-in-iran/ \|accessdate=18 July 2016 \|work=] \|publisher=Algemeiner.com \|date=1 March 2016 \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528185730/http://www.algemeiner.com/2016/03/01/no-new-dawn-in-iran/%23 \|archivedate=28 May 2016 \|deadurl=yes \|df= }}</ref>

	Rouhani has three sisters and a brother.<ref name="mother-interview"/> Rouhani's brother, ], is also a diplomat and politician, a former governor, ambassador,<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://enghelabe-eslami.com/component/content/article/29-ees/gozaresh/1651-2013-05-20-18-02-21.html\|publisher=Enghelabe-Eslami.com\|script-title=fa:کارنامۀ نامزدهای ریاست‌جمهوری، حسن فریدون روحانی\|trans-title=The score card of presidential candidates, Hassan Feridon Rouhani\|language=Persian\|date=May 2013}}</ref> and former Vice Minister of Intelligence.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://news.gooya.com/president84/archives/030703.php\|script-title=fa:در خانۀ هاشمی رفسنجانی چه می‌گذرد؟ داستان تكان‌دهندۀ دكتر هوشنگ بوذری در گفت‌وگو با شهروند\|language=Persian\|date=11 June 2005}}</ref> He was Rouhani's representative to ] in arrangements for presidential debates.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://khabaronline.ir/detail/295942/Politics/election\|script-title=fa:زمان مناظره‌های اقتصادی\|trans-title=The timing of economical debates\|date=30 May 2013\|language=Persian}}</ref>
	], in a memoir dated 15 May 1982, mentions Hossein Fereydoun as the then governor of ].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.hashemirafsanjani.ir/content/%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%87-25-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%AA-1361\|date=15 May 1982\|script-title=fa:شنبه ۲۵ اردیبهشت ۱۳۶۱\|work=پس از بحران\|author=Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani\|language=Persian\|deadurl=yes\|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130617000022/http://www.hashemirafsanjani.ir/content/%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%87-25-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B4%D8%AA-1361\|archivedate=17 June 2013\|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Rafsanjani later briefly mentions Fereydoon in a memoir dated 31 March 1984: "In Karaj, something has happened about Mr. Ferydoon Rouhani".<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.hashemirafsanjani.ir/content/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA-%D9%88-%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87-%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7\|author=Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani\|date=31 March 1984\|script-title=fa:تأکید هاشمی برای عدالت و قانون در انتخابات/ گلایۀ همسر شهید مطهری از صداوسیما\|language=Persian\|work=به‌سوی سرنوشت}}</ref>

	==Publications==
	Having the rank of research professor at Iran's Center for Strategic Research, he has written many books and articles in Persian, English and Arabic, including the following:<ref name="CSR"/>

	;in Persian
	* ''Islamic Revolution: Roots and Challenges'' ({{lang\|fa\|انقلاب اسلامی؛ ریشه‌ها و چالش‌ها}}), June 1997, {{ISBN\|9649102507}}
	* ''Fundaments of Political Thoughts of Imam Khomeini'' ({{lang\|fa\|مبانی تفکر سیاسی امام خمینی}}), July 1999
	* ''Memoirs of Dr. Hassan Rouhani; Vol. 1: The Islamic Revolution'' ({{lang\|fa\|خاطرات دکتر حسن روحانی؛ جلد اول: انقلاب اسلامی}}), February 2008, {{ISBN\|9786005914801}}
	* ''Introduction to Islamic Countries'' ({{lang\|fa\|آشنایی با کشورهای اسلامی}}), November 2008
	* ''Islamic Political Thought; Vol. 1: Conceptual Framework'' ({{lang\|fa\|اندیشه‌های سیاسی اسلام؛ جلد اول: مبانی نظری}}), December 2009, {{ISBN\|9789649539409}}
	* ''Islamic Political Thought; Vol. 2: Foreign Policy'' ({{lang\|fa\|اندیشه‌های سیاسی اسلام؛ جلد دوم: سیاست خارجی}}), December 2009, {{ISBN\|9789649539416}}
	* ''Islamic Political Thought; Vol. 3: Cultural and Social Issues'' ({{lang\|fa\|اندیشه‌های سیاسی اسلام؛ جلد سوم: مسائل فرهنگی و اجتماعی}}), December 2009, {{ISBN\|9789649539423}}
	* ''National Security and Economic System of Iran'' ({{lang\|fa\|امنیت ملی و نظام اقتصادی ایران}}), August 2010, {{ISBN\|9786005247947}}
	* '']'' ({{lang\|fa\|امنیت ملی و دیپلماسی هسته‌ای}}), January 2011, {{ISBN\|9786002900074}}
	* ''Role of Seminaries in Moral and Political Developments of Society'' ({{lang\|fa\|نقش حوزه‌های علمیه در تحولات اخلاقی و سیاسی جامعه}}), November 2011
	* ''An Introduction to the History of Shia' Imams'' ({{lang\|fa\|مقدمه‌ای بر تاریخ امامان شیعه}}), March 2012, {{ISBN\|9786005914948}}
	* ''Age of Legal Capacity and Responsibility'' ({{lang\|fa\|سن اهلیت و مسئولیت قانونی}}), October 2012, {{ISBN\|9786002900135}}
	* ''Memoirs of Dr. Hassan Rouhani; Vol. 2: Sacred Defense'' ({{lang\|fa\|خاطرات دکتر حسن روحانی؛ جلد دوم: دفاع مقدس}}), January 2013
	* ''Narration of Foresight and Hope'' ({{lang\|fa\|روایت تدبیر و امید}}), March 2013
	* ''National Security and Foreign Policy'' ({{lang\|fa\|امنیت ملی و سیاست خارجی}}), May 2013
	* ''National Security and Environment'' ({{lang\|fa\|امنیت ملی و محیط‌زیست}}), May 2013

	;in English
	* ''The Islamic Legislative Power'', May 1994
	* ''The Flexibility of Shariah; Islamic Law'', April 1996

	;in Arabic
	* ''Comments on Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence); Lessons of the Late Muhaqqiq Damaad'' ({{lang\|ar\|تقريرات درس فقه مرحوم محقق داماد}}) (Chapter on Prayers ), November 2012
	* ''Comments on Usul (Principles of Fiqh); Lessons of the Late Ayatollah Haeri'' ({{lang\|ar\|تقریرات درس اصول مرحوم حائری}}) (Chapter on Academic Principles ), March 2013

	==References==
	{{Reflist\|30em}}

	==External links==
	{{Portal\|Iran}}
	{{Sisterlinks\|d=Q348144\|voy=no\|b=no\|v=no\|species=no\|m=no\|mw=no\|s=no\|wikt=no}}
	; Official
	*
	* {{fa icon}}

	<!--
	Do not add YouTube, MySpace, Twitter et al.
	-->
	; Other
	* {{Aljazeeratopic\|person/hassan-rouhani}}
	* {{Guardian topic}}
	* {{C-SPAN\|hassanrouhani}}
	* {{IMDb name\|5737428}}
	* at the ]
	* , Ben Brumfield, ], 17 June 2013
	*

	{{Hassan Rouhani}}
	{{Navboxes
	\|title=Offices and distinctions
	\|list1=
	{{s-start}}
	{{s-off}}
	{{s-new\|office}}
	{{s-ttl\|title=Secretary of the ]\|years=1989–2005}}
	{{s-aft\|after=]}}
	{{s-bef\|before=]}}
	{{s-ttl\|title=]\|years=2013–present}}
	{{s-inc}}
	{{s-aca}}
	{{s-bef\|before=]}}
	{{s-ttl\|title=President of the ]\|years=1992–2013}}
	{{s-aft\|after=]}}
	{{s-dip}}
	{{s-new\|reason=Position created}}
	{{s-ttl\|title=]\|years=2003–2005}}
	{{s-aft\|after=]}}
	{{s-bef\|before=]}}
	{{s-ttl\|title=Secretary General of the ]\|years=2013–2016}}
	{{s-aft\|after=]}}
	{{s-end}}
	}}
	{{Navboxes
	\|title= Articles related to Hassan Rouhani
	\|list1=
	{{Presidents of Iran}}
	{{Rouhani cabinet}}
	{{Iranian presidential election, 2013 footer}}
	{{Iranian presidential election, 2017 footer}}
	{{NAMSecretary-General}}
	{{Heads of state of OPEC member states}}
	{{Current ECO Leaders}}
	}}
	{{Authority control}}

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Rouhani, Hassan}}
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]

Revision as of 15:04, 11 December 2018

DEATH TO IRAN!!!