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| Prince '''Janusz Radziwiłł''' (]-]) was a ] ]. | Prince '''Janusz Radziwiłł''' (also known as ''Janusz the Second'' or ''The Traitor'') (]-]) was a powerful ] ]. ] of Lithuania since ], Field Lithuanian ] and ] żmudzki since ], ] of ] since ], Great Hetman of Lithuania since ], Starost kamienicki, kazimierski and sejwejski. | ||
| Since several decades, the interests between ] and the state (]) begun to drift appart, as Radziwłł were less and less satisfied with the ] status of the family and its immense wealth and began craving for more political power. This culuminated in the doings of Janusz Radziwiłł, who is remembered in the Polish history as one of the nobles responsible for the end of the ] of Commonwealth. | |||
| ] of Lithuania since ], Field Lithuanian ] and ] żmudzki since ], ] of ] since ], Great Hetman of Lithuania since ], Starost kamienicki, kazimierski and sejwejski. | |||
| His vanity and ambitions appeared early in his career. Upon marching into ] in 1651, he ordered a production of a commemorative ] on which he compared his victory to the taking of Kiev by the first Polish King, ], some six hundred years earlier. | |||
| Janusz used political influence against King ] in order to secure the voivode, hetman and other offices. In 1652 he paralysed the central government by evoking a ], a procedure whereby any single member of the ] (Commonwealth Parliament) could completly halt and annul its proceedings by the simple expression of dissent, saying 'Veto'. This was the start of ] in the Commonwealth, as liverum veto paralysed next Sejm sessions for over a century. | |||
| In ], during the Swedish invasion of Poland, known as ], together with his cousin ], he began ]s with Swedish king ], aimed at breaking the Commonwealth and the ]. They signed a treaty according to which Radzuiłłs were to rule over two sovereign principalities carved up from the lands of the ], which were to become a Swedish ]. | |||
| The Swedish defeat and eventuall retreat from the territories of the Commonwealth abruptly ended the plans of Janusz and Bogusław. Janusz died in the in ], be]d by the loyal Commonwealth forces. Their lines of the Radziwiłl family became extinct by the next generation, and their only lasting achievement was to tarnish the Radziwiłł family name for years to come, their treason eclipsing the deeds of other Radziwiłłs like ], who fought for the Crown and the Commonwealth against the Swedes. | |||
| Both Radziwłł cousins were proclaimed cowards and traitors, and infamously immortalized by the the ] Polish ] and ] winner, ], who in his famous historical ] 'Potop' wrote about Janusz's death: ''Earthly ruin, a fallen soul, darkness, nothingness-that is all he managed to attain as a reward for service to himself''. | |||
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Revision as of 17:09, 25 December 2004
| Janusz Radziwiłł | ||
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| Noble Family | Radziwiłł | |
| Coat of Arms | Trąby | |
| Parents | Krzysztof Radziwłł Anna Kiszka | |
| Consorts | Katarzyna Potocka | |
| Children | with Katarzyna Potocka Anna Maria Radziwiłł Krzysztof Radziwiłł | |
| Date of Birth | December 12, 1612 | |
| Place of Birth | Popiela | |
| Date of Death | December 31, 1655 | |
| Place of Death | Tykocin | |
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Prince Janusz Radziwiłł (also known as Janusz the Second or The Traitor) (1612-1655) was a powerful Polish szlachcic. Podkomorzy of Lithuania since 1633, Field Lithuanian Hetman and Starost żmudzki since 1646, Voivode of Wilno since 1653, Great Hetman of Lithuania since 1654, Starost kamienicki, kazimierski and sejwejski.
Since several decades, the interests between Radziwłł family and the state (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) begun to drift appart, as Radziwłł were less and less satisfied with the magnatial status of the family and its immense wealth and began craving for more political power. This culuminated in the doings of Janusz Radziwiłł, who is remembered in the Polish history as one of the nobles responsible for the end of the Golden Age of Commonwealth.
His vanity and ambitions appeared early in his career. Upon marching into Kiev in 1651, he ordered a production of a commemorative medal on which he compared his victory to the taking of Kiev by the first Polish King, Boleslaw Chrobry, some six hundred years earlier.
Janusz used political influence against King Jan Kazimierz Vasa in order to secure the voivode, hetman and other offices. In 1652 he paralysed the central government by evoking a Liberum Veto, a procedure whereby any single member of the Sejm (Commonwealth Parliament) could completly halt and annul its proceedings by the simple expression of dissent, saying 'Veto'. This was the start of anarchy in the Commonwealth, as liverum veto paralysed next Sejm sessions for over a century.
In 1654, during the Swedish invasion of Poland, known as The Deluge, together with his cousin Bogusław Radziwiłł, he began negotiations with Swedish king Charles X Gustav of Sweden, aimed at breaking the Commonwealth and the Polish-Lithuanian union. They signed a treaty according to which Radzuiłłs were to rule over two sovereign principalities carved up from the lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which were to become a Swedish protectorate.
The Swedish defeat and eventuall retreat from the territories of the Commonwealth abruptly ended the plans of Janusz and Bogusław. Janusz died in the in Tykocin, besieged by the loyal Commonwealth forces. Their lines of the Radziwiłl family became extinct by the next generation, and their only lasting achievement was to tarnish the Radziwiłł family name for years to come, their treason eclipsing the deeds of other Radziwiłłs like Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł, who fought for the Crown and the Commonwealth against the Swedes.
Both Radziwłł cousins were proclaimed cowards and traitors, and infamously immortalized by the the 19th century Polish writer and Nobel Prize winner, Henryk Sienkiewicz, who in his famous historical novel 'Potop' wrote about Janusz's death: Earthly ruin, a fallen soul, darkness, nothingness-that is all he managed to attain as a reward for service to himself.
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