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* {{cite journal |author=Grünberg H |year=1926 |title=Three unusual cases of chronic orchitis clinically resembling tumors of the testis |journal=Frankfurt Z Pathol |volume=33 |pages=217–27}}
* {{cite journal |author=Grünberg H |year=1926 |title=Three unusual cases of chronic orchitis clinically resembling tumors of the testis |journal=Frankfurt Z Pathol |volume=33 |pages=217–27}}
Orchitis/ˌɔːrˈkaɪtɪs/ or orchiditis/ˌɔːrkɪˈdaɪtɪs/ (from the Ancient Greek ὄρχις meaning "testicle"; same root as orchid) is inflammation of the testes. It can also involve swelling, heavy pains and frequent infection, particularly of the epididymis, and is more rarely known as didymitis (as in epididymis).
visible swelling of a testicle or testicles and often the inguinal lymph nodes on the affected side.
Causes
Orchitis can be related to epididymitis infection that has spread to the testicles (then called "epididymo-orchitis"), sometimes caused by the sexually transmitted diseaseschlamydia and gonorrhea. It has also been reported in cases of males infected with brucellosis. Orchitis can also be seen during active mumps, particularly in adolescent boys.
Doppler ultrasound of the scrotum, in the axial plane, showing orchitis (as part of epididymo-orchitis) as hypoechogenic and slightly heterogenic left testicular tissue (right in image), with an increased blood flow. There is also swelling of peritesticular tissue.
Blood – ESR high
Urine – Cultural & Sensitivity test
Ultrasound scanning
Treatment
In most cases where orchitis is caused by epididymitis, treatment is an oral antibiotic such as cefalexin or ciprofloxacin until infection clears up. In both causes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as naproxen or ibuprofen are recommended to relieve pain. Sometimes stronger pain medications in the opiate category are called for and are frequently prescribed by experienced emergency department physicians.
Monleon R, Martin MP, John Barnes H (December 2008). "Bacterial orchitis and epididymo-orchitis in broiler breeders". Avian Pathology. 37 (6): 613–7. doi:10.1080/03079450802499134. PMID19023758.
Fong Y, Wantz GE (May 1992). "Prevention of ischemic orchitis during inguinal hernioplasty". Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics. 174 (5): 399–402. PMID1570618.
Beard CM, Benson RC, Kelalis PP, Elveback LR, Kurland LT (January 1977). "The incidence and outcome of mumps orchitis in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935 to 1974". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 52 (1): 3–7. PMID609284.
Dreyfuss W (April 1954). "Acute granulomatous orchiditis". The Journal of Urology. 71 (4): 483–7. PMID13152871.
Lambert B (1951). "The frequency of mumps and of mumps orchitis and the consequences for sexuality and fertility". Acta Genetica et Statistica Medica. 2 (Suppl. 1): 1–166. PMID15444009.
Grünberg H (1926). "Three unusual cases of chronic orchitis clinically resembling tumors of the testis". Frankfurt Z Pathol. 33: 217–27.
