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<!-- PLEASE CONSIDER MAKING YOUR ADDITIONS TO THE SAN FRANCISCO DAUGHTER PAGES. THIS ARTICLE IS MATURE. -->
{{redirect|San Francisco}}
{{Infobox City |official_name = City and County of San Francisco
|nickname = The City by the Bay; Fog City
|image_skyline = Painted Ladies.jpg
|image_flag = Flag of San Francisco, California.png
|image_seal = Sfseal.gif
|image_map = California Map showing San Francisco County.png
|mapsize = 200
|map_caption = Location of the City and County of San Francisco, California
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = ]
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 = ]
|subdivision_type2 = ]
|subdivision_name2 = ]
|leader_title = ]
|leader_name = ]
|area_magnitude = 1 E8
|area_total = 122
|TotalArea_sq_mi = 47
|area_land = 121.0
|LandArea_sq_mi = 46.7
|area_water = 479.7
|area_metro= 8,869.3
|MetroArea_sq_mi= 3,424.4
|WaterArea_sq_mi = 185.2
|PCWater = 82.85
|population_metro = 4,152,688<ref> (Microsoft Excel) U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on August 24, 2006. Information does not include San Jose or the South Bay.</ref>
|population_urban = 3,385,000
|population_as_of = 2006
|population_total = 798,680 (est)<ref name=e1>{{cite web | year = May 1, 2006 | url = http://www.dof.ca.gov/HTML/DEMOGRAP/ReportsPapers/Estimates/E1/documents/e-1press.pdf | title = E-1 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties and the State with Annual Percent Change — January 1, 2005 and 2006 | format = PDF | publisher = California Department of Finance | accessdate = November 16 | accessyear = 2006}}</ref>
|population_density = 6,115
|population_density_mi2 = 15,837
|timezone = ]
|utc_offset = -8
|timezone_DST = ]
|utc_offset_DST = -7
|latd = 37
|latm = 46
|lats = 0
|latNS = N
|longd = 122
|longm = 26
|longs = 0
|longEW = W
|elevation = 16
|elevation_ft = 52
|website = http://www.sfgov.org
|footnotes =}}
The '''City and County of San Francisco''' is the fourth most populous city in ] and the fourteenth-most populous in the ],<ref name="SFQuickFacts"> U.S. Census Bureau. Accessed September 3, 2006.</ref> with a 2006 population of 798,680 (estimate).<ref name=e1/> It is located on the tip of the ] and traditionally has been the focal point of the ]. San Francisco is the second most densely populated major city<ref>Of cities greater than 200,000 population. ] is the densest.</ref> in the United States.<ref name="PopDen">{{cite web | title=2000 Census: US Municipalities Over 50,000: Ranked by 2000 Population | url= http://www.demographia.com/db-uscity98.htm | accessmonthday=August 16 | accessyear=2006 | publisher = Demographia| }} Information cited for cities greater than 200,000</ref>

In 1776, the Spanish ] the tip of the San Francisco peninsula, establishing a ] at the ] and a ] named for ]. As a result of the ] in 1848, the city entered a period of rapid growth. After being devastated by the ], San Francisco was rebuilt quickly and is today one of the most recognizable cities in the world.

San Francisco is renowned for its months-long episodes of fog, steep rolling hills, an eclectic mix of ] and ], and its peninsular location surrounded on three sides by the ] and ] (which is actually an ]). Famous hallmarks and landmarks include the ], ], the ]s, the ], ], and ].

== History ==
<!-- PLEASE CONSIDER MAKING YOUR ADDITIONS TO THE SAN FRANCISCO DAUGHTER PAGES. THIS ARTICLE IS MATURE. -->
{{main|History of San Francisco, California}}
The earliest archaeological evidence of inhabitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC.<ref>Stewart, Suzanne B. (November, 2003). p. 55 (PDF) Sonoma State University - Anthropological Studies Center. Accessed October 13, 2006.</ref> The ] group of the ] people resided in several small villages when a ], led by Don ] arrived on ], ], the first documented European discovery of ].<ref name="Portola">{{cite web | title= Visitors: San Francisco Historical Information | url= http://www.sfgov.org/site/visitor_index.asp?id=8091 | accessmonthday=September 3 | accessyear=2006 | publisher = City and County of San Francisco }}</ref> Seven years later, on ], ] the ] established a ], followed by a ], ] (Mission Dolores).

] (Mission Dolores)]]
Upon ] from ] in 1821, the area became part of ]. In 1835, Englishman ] erected the first significant homestead outside the immediate vicinity of the Mission Dolores,<ref name="Richardson">{{cite web | title= From the 1820s to the Gold Rush | url= http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist1/early.html | accessmonthday=August 28 | accessyear=2006 | publisher = The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco }}</ref> near a boat anchorage around what is today ]. Together with Mission ] ], he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named ], began to attract American settlers. Commodore ] claimed California for the ] on ], ], during the ], and Captain ] arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco the next year.<ref> Yerba Buena Gardens. Accessed August 28, 2003</ref> Despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography.

] on California Street in 1899]] The ] brought a flood of treasure seekers. With their ] in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival ],<ref> The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. Accessed August 28, 2006.</ref> raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Richards
| first = Rand
| title = Historic San Francisco: A Concise History and Guide
| publisher = Heritage House
| date = 1992
| location =
| id = ISBN 1-879367-00-9 }}</ref> The promise of riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor.<ref name="buriedships">{{cite news | last = Harris | first = Ron | title = Crews Unearth Shipwreck on San Francisco Condo Project |publisher = Associated Press | date = November 14, 2005 | url = http://www.cegltd.com/story.asp?story=6287&headline=Crews | accessmonthday = September 4 | accessyear = 2006 }}</ref> ] was quickly granted ] and the U.S. military built ] at the ] and a fort on ] to secure the San Francisco Bay. Silver discoveries, including the ] in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the ] section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, and gambling.

]s sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush. Early winners were the ] industry, which saw the founding of ] in 1852, and the ] industry, as the ]s of ], led by ], collaborated in the building of the ]. The development of the ] established the city as a center of ]. Catering to the needs and tastes of the growing population, ] opened a dry goods business and ] began manufacturing ]. Immigrant laborers made the city a polyglot culture, with ] railroad workers creating the city's ] quarter. The first ] carried San Franciscans up ] in 1873. The city's sea of ]s began to take shape, and civic leaders campaigned for a spacious public park, resulting in plans for ]. San Franciscans built schools, churches, theaters, and all the hallmarks of civic life. The Presidio developed into the most important American military installation on the Pacific coast.<ref> (PDF) Presidio of San Francisco, Golden Gate National Recreation Area, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Accessed September 4, 2006.</ref> By the turn of the century, San Francisco was a city of international renown, celebrated for a flamboyant style, stately hotels, ostentatious mansions on ], and a thriving arts scene.

] after the ] and fire.<ref>{{cite journal
| last = London
| first = Jack
| title = The Story of an Eyewitness by Jack London
| journal = Collier's, The National Weekly
| publisher = The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco
| date = May 5, 1906
| url = http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist5/jlondon.html
| accessmonthday=August 29 | accessyear=2006 }}</ref>]]
At 5:12 AM on the morning of ] ], a major ] struck San Francisco and northern California. As buildings collapsed from the shaking, ruptured gas lines ignited fires that would spread across the city and burn out of control for several days. With water mains out of service, the Presidio Artillery Corps attempted to contain the inferno by dynamiting blocks of buildings to create firebreaks.<ref name="Funston">{{cite web | title= Presidio of San Francisco: Firefighting and Dynamiting | url= http://www.nps.gov/archive/prsf/history/1906eq/firedyn.htm | accessmonthday=September 2 | accessyear=2006 | publisher = National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Golden Gate National Recreation Area }}</ref> More than three-quarters of the city lay in ruins, including almost all of the downtown core.<ref>Montagne, Renée (April 11, 2006). National Public Radio, ''Morning Edition''. Accessed August 29, 2006.</ref> Contemporary accounts reported that 498 people lost their lives, though modern estimates put the number in the several thousands.<ref> U.S. Geological Survey, Earthquake Hazards Program - Northern California. Accessed September 3, 2006.</ref> More than half the city's population of 400,000 were left homeless.<ref> National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Golden Gate National Recreation Area. Accessed August 29, 2006.</ref> Refugees settled temporarily in makeshift tent villages in Golden Gate Park, the Presidio, on the beaches, and elsewhere. Many fled permanently to the ].

] at the 1915 ]]]Rebuilding was rapid and performed on a grand scale. Rejecting calls to completely remake the street grid, San Franciscans opted for speed.<ref name="NatTrust1">{{cite book | author=Wiley, Peter Booth | title=National trust guide- San Francisco: America’s guide for architecture and history travelers | publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | year=2000 | pages = 56-62 |id=ISBN 0-471-19120-5}}</ref> ]'s ], later to become ], provided loans for many of those whose livelihoods had been devastated. The destroyed mansions of Nob Hill became grand hotels. ] rose once again in ] splendor, and the city celebrated its rebirth at the ] in 1915.

In ensuing years, the city solidified its standing as a financial capital; in the wake of the ], not a single San Francisco-based bank failed.<ref> The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. Accessed August 27, 2006.</ref> Indeed, it was at the height of the ] that San Francisco undertook two great civil engineering projects, simultaneously constructing the ] and the ], completing them in 1936 and 1937 respectively. It was in this period that the island of Alcatraz, a former military stockade, began its service as a federal maximum security prison, housing notorious inmates such as ]. San Francisco later celebrated its regained grandeur with a ], the ] in 1939-40, creating ] in the middle of the bay to house it.

] steams under the ] in 1942, during ]]]
During ], the ] became a hub of activity and ] became the primary port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the ].<ref> National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Accessed August 29, 2006.</ref> The explosion of jobs drew many people, especially ]s from the South, to the area. After the end of the war, many military personnel returning from service abroad and civilians who had originally come to work decided to stay. The ] creating the ] was drafted and signed in San Francisco in 1945 and, in 1951, the ] officially ended the ].

Urban planning projects in the 1950s and 1960s saw widespread destruction and redevelopment of westside neighborhoods and the construction of new freeways.<ref>{{cite web | last = Fang | first = Eric C.Y. | title =Urban Renewal Revisited: A Design Critique | publisher = San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association | date = February, 1999 | url =http://www.spur.org/documents/990201_article_01.shtm | accessmonthday = August 26 | accessyear = 2006}}</ref> The ] was completed in 1972,<ref> Transamerica.com "About the Pyramid," Accessed ]</ref> and in the 1980s the ] of San Francisco saw extensive high rise development downtown.<ref name="NatTrust2">{{cite book | author=Wiley, Peter Booth | title=National trust guide- San Francisco: America’s guide for architecture and history travelers | publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | year=2000 | pages = 95-96 | id=ISBN 0-471-19120-5}}</ref> Port activity moved to ], the city began to lose industrial jobs, and San Francisco began to turn to tourism as the most important segment of its economy. The suburbs experienced rapid growth and San Francisco underwent significant demographic change, as large segments of the white population left the city, supplanted by an increasing wave of immigration from Asia and Latin America.<ref>{{cite web | last =Willia | first = James et al. | title = San Francisco Planning Department Census Data Analysis| publisher = San Francisco State University Department of Urban Studies | url = http://bss.sfsu.edu/pamuk/SFDemographics.ppt#1 | format = Microsoft PowerPoint | accessmonthday = August 31 | accessyear = 2006 }}</ref><ref>Minton, Torri (September 20, 1998). ''San Francisco Chronicle.'' Accessed September 1, 2006.</ref><!-- FAIR USE of Humanbein-p.jpg: see image description page at http://en.wikipedia.org/Image:Humanbein-p.jpg for rationale -->] galvanized hippies in Haight-Ashbury.]]

Over this same period, San Francisco became a magnet for America's ]. ] writers fueled the ] and centered on the ] neighborhood in the 1950s. ]s flocked to ] in the 1960s, reaching a peak with the 1967 ]. In the 1970s, the city became a center of the ] movement, with the emergence of ] as an urban ], the election of ] to the ], and his assassination, along with that of Mayor ], in 1978.

The 1989 ] caused destruction and loss of life throughout the Bay Area. In San Francisco, the quake severely damaged structures in the ] and ] districts and precipitated the demolition of the damaged ] and much of the damaged ], allowing the city to reclaim its historic downtown waterfront.

During the ] of the late 1990s, ] invigorated the economy. Large numbers of entrepreneurs and computer application developers moved into the city, followed by marketing and sales professionals that changed the social landscape as once poorer neighborhoods became ]. When the bubble burst in 2001, many of these companies folded and their employees left, although high technology and entrepreneurship continued to be mainstays of the San Francisco economy.
{{-}}

== Geography ==
<!-- PLEASE CONSIDER MAKING YOUR ADDITIONS TO THE SAN FRANCISCO DAUGHTER PAGES. THIS ARTICLE IS MATURE. -->
]

San Francisco is located on the ] of the U.S. at the tip of the ] and includes significant stretches of the ] and ] within its boundaries. Several ] are part of the city, notably ], ], and the adjacent ]. Also included are the uninhabited ], 27 ]s (43&nbsp;km) offshore in the ]. The land within the city limits roughly forms a seven by seven mile square, which has become a colloquialism referring to the city's shape.

]]]
San Francisco is famous for its hills, which are defined as elevations over 100 ] (30&nbsp;m). There are a total of ] within city limits.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Hansen
| first = Gladys
| title = San Francisco Almanac
| publisher = Chronicle Books
| date = 1995
| location =
| id = ISBN 0-8118-0841-6}}</ref> Some neighborhoods are named after the hill on which they are situated, including ], ], ], ], and ].

] to descend ]]]
Near the geographic center of the city, southwest of the downtown area, are a series of less densely populated hills. Dominating this area is ], the site of ], a large red and white radio and television transmission tower. Nearby is ], a pair of hills resting at one of the city's highest points and a popular overlook spot for tour groups. San Francisco's tallest hill, ], is 925 feet (282&nbsp;m) high, and is capped with a 103 feet (31.4&nbsp;m) tall cross built in 1934.

The ] and ] Faults are responsible for much ] activity, even though neither passes through the city itself. It was the San Andreas Fault which slipped and caused the earthquakes in 1906 and 1989. Minor earthquakes occur on a regular basis. The threat of major earthquakes plays a large role in the city's infrastructure development. New buildings must meet high structural standards, and older buildings and bridges must be retrofitted to comply with new building codes.

San Francisco's shoreline has grown beyond its natural limits. Entire neighborhoods such as the ] and ], as well as large sections of the ] sit on areas of ]. ] was constructed from material dredged from the bay as well as material resulting from tunneling through Yerba Buena Island during the construction of the Bay Bridge. Such land tends to be unstable during earthquakes; the resultant ] causes extensive damage to property built upon it, as was evidenced in the Marina district during the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake.

===Climate===
<!-- PLEASE CONSIDER MAKING YOUR ADDITIONS TO THE SAN FRANCISCO DAUGHTER PAGES. THIS ARTICLE IS MATURE. -->
] and approaches ].]]
A quotation incorrectly attributed to ] goes, "The coldest winter I ever spent was a summer in San Francisco."<ref name="marktwain">{{cite web | title=FOG HEAVEN: The sun will come out tomorrow. Or maybe not. It's summer in the city, and that means gray skies | last = Nolte | first = Carl | date = August 19, 2005 | url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2005/08/19/MNGOBEA9JI1.DTL | publisher = ''San Francisco Chronicle'' | accessmonthday=August 27 | accessyear=2006 }}</ref> San Francisco benefits from California’s ], characterized by mild wet winters and warm dry summers.<ref> Golden Gate Weather Services, Accessed on September 5, 2006</ref> However, surrounded on three sides by water, San Francisco has a climate strongly influenced by the cool currents of the ] which tend to moderate temperature swings and produce a remarkably mild climate with little seasonal temperature variation. Average summertime high temperatures in San Francisco peak at 70&nbsp;°F (21&nbsp;°C) and are 20&nbsp;°F (9&nbsp;°C) lower than they are in nearby inland locations like ].<ref name="LivermoreClimate">{{cite web | title= Weatherbase.com climate data for Livermore, California |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=799440 | accessmonthday=August 27 | accessyear=2006 }}</ref> Winters are mild, with daytime highs near 60&nbsp;°F (15&nbsp;°C), and lows almost never reach freezing temperatures. The months of May-September are quite dry, with ] a common occurrence from November through March. ] is extraordinarily rare, with only 10 instances recorded since 1852.<ref name="SFClimate">{{cite web | last = Null | first = Jan | title=CLIMATE OF SAN FRANCISCO (Third Revision) | date = January 1995 | url=http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/mtr/sfd_sjc_climate/sfd/SFD_CLIMATE3.php | publisher = U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service | accessmonthday=September 5 | accessyear=2006 }}</ref>

The combination of cold ocean water and the high heat of the California mainland creates the city's characteristic ] that can cover the western half of the city all day during the summer and early fall. The fog is less pronounced in eastern neighborhoods, in late spring, and during September and October, which are the warmest months of the year. Due to its sharp topography and maritime influences, San Francisco exhibits a multitude of distinct ]s. The high hills in the geographic center of the city are responsible for a 20% variance in annual rainfall between different parts of the city.<ref name="SFClimate"/> They also protect neighborhoods directly to their east from the foggy and cool conditions experienced in the ]; for those who live on the eastern side of the city, San Francisco is fairly sunny, with an average of 160 clear days, and only 105 cloudy days per year.<ref> Western Regional Climate Center, Accessed September 5, 2006</ref>

<!--Infobox begins-->{{Infobox Weather
|location = San Francisco, California
|Jan_Hi_°F = 56
|Feb_Hi_°F = 60
|Mar_Hi_°F = 61
|Apr_Hi_°F = 63
|May_Hi_°F = 64
|Jun_Hi_°F = 66
|Jul_Hi_°F = 66
|Aug_Hi_°F = 66
|Sep_Hi_°F = 70
|Oct_Hi_°F = 69
|Nov_Hi_°F = 64
|Dec_Hi_°F = 57
|Year_Hi_°F = 63
|Jan_Hi_°C = 13
|Feb_Hi_°C = 15
|Mar_Hi_°C = 16
|Apr_Hi_°C = 17
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|Year_Hi_°C =17
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|Feb_Lo_°C = 8
|Mar_Lo_°C = 9
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|Jul_Lo_°C = 12
|Aug_Lo_°C = 12
|Sep_Lo_°C = 13
|Oct_Lo_°C = 12
|Nov_Lo_°C = 10
|Dec_Lo_°C = 8
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|Jan_Precip_inch = 4.1
|Feb_Precip_inch = 3.5
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|source =Weatherbase<ref name=Weatherbase>{{cite web
| url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=149427&refer=&units=us |title =Weatherbase: Historical Weather for San Francisco, California, United States of America | accessmonthday = Nov 8 |accessyear =2006
| language = English }}</ref>
|accessdate = Nov 2006
}}<!--Infobox ends-->

===Neighborhoods===
<!-- PLEASE CONSIDER MAKING YOUR ADDITIONS TO THE SAN FRANCISCO DAUGHTER PAGES. THIS ARTICLE IS MATURE. -->
]]]
{{main|Neighborhoods in San Francisco, California}}
The historic center of San Francisco is the northeast quadrant of the city bordered by ] to the south. It is here that the ] is centered, with ], the principal shopping and hotel district, nearby. ]s carry residents and tourists alike up steep inclines to the summit of ], once the home of the city's business tycoons, and down to ], a tourist playground featuring ] from a still-active fishing industry. Also in this quadrant are ], a residential neighborhood with the famously crooked ], ], the city's version of ], and ], which features ], a landmark dedicated to San Francisco's firefighters. Nearby is San Francisco's famous ], established in the 1860s. The ] is often portrayed as the crime-infested underbelly of the city.

The ] is predominantly working-class and populated by immigrants from ] and Central America, but is also gentrifying. ], though heavily gentrified, still has some ] character. The ] is the center of gay life in the city, having recovered from the devastation it suffered during the ].

] in the ]]]The city's ] district suffered when its ] were ] during the second world war, while the nearby ] became established with a large ] population at the same time. The "]", a row of well-restored ] homes, stand alongside ], and the mansions built by the San Francisco business elite in the wake of the ] can be found in ]. The ] to the north is a lively area with many young urban professionals.

The ], the vast region north of Golden Gate Park that extends to the Pacific Ocean, today has a portion called "New Chinatown", but also attracts immigrants from other parts of Asia and ]. South of Golden Gate Park lies the ] with an Asian majority population.<ref>Chow, Andrew (March 22, 2002). ''Asian Week''. Accessed September 3, 2006.</ref> The Richmond and the Sunset are largely middle class and, together, are known as ]. The southern neighborhoods of the city are ethnically diverse and populated primarily with students and working class San Franciscans.

The ], once filled with decaying remnants of San Francisco's industrial past, has seen significant redevelopment. The locus of the ] during the late 1990s, by 2004 South of Market began to see ] and ]s dot the area. Following the success of nearby ], another neighborhood, ], underwent redevelopment, anchored by a second campus of ].

===Beaches and parks===
<!-- PLEASE CONSIDER MAKING YOUR ADDITIONS TO THE SAN FRANCISCO DAUGHTER PAGES. THIS ARTICLE IS MATURE. -->
]
]]]
{{main|Parks in San Francisco, California}}
] runs along the Pacific Ocean shoreline, and ] occupies a picturesque setting just west of the Golden Gate Bridge. They are not suitable for swimming because the waters off the coast are cold and have deadly ]. The biggest and most well-known park is ], stretching from the center of the city to the ocean. Once covered only in grass and sand dunes, the park is planted with thousands of non-native trees and plants and is rich with attractions including the ], the ], and ]. ], a former military base, and its ] section, restored to its natural salt marsh condition, are part of the ], which includes Alcatraz, and other regional parks. ] is the city's oldest, established in 1867. ] is a ] lake surrounded by parkland.
{{-}}

==Demographics==
<!-- PLEASE CONSIDER MAKING YOUR ADDITIONS TO THE SAN FRANCISCO DAUGHTER PAGES. THIS ARTICLE IS MATURE. -->
]{{seealso|Demographic maps of San Francisco, California}}
The population of San Francisco peaked at 776,733 in 2000, at the height of the dot-com boom, declining by about 35,000 residents by 2005. With nearly 16,000 people per square mile, San Francisco is the second most densely populated major American city after ].<ref name="SF_Population_Density">{{cite web | title=G.I.S. Lounge U.S. Population Density, 2000 Census | url=http://gislounge.com/features/aa041101c.shtml | publiser = GiS Lounge | accessmonthday=January 29 | accessyear=2006 }}</ref> San Francisco is the traditional focal point of the ] and forms part of the greater ]-San Francisco-] ] (CSA) whose population is over 7 million - the fifth largest in the United States as of the 2000 census.<ref>. (Microsoft Excel) U.S. Census Bureau. Accessed August 31, 2006.</ref>

San Francisco is a ] city as non-Hispanic ]s make up less than 44% of the population. ], principally ], comprise nearly 31% of the population. ]s of any race make up just over 14% of the population. At less than 8% of the population, San Francisco has a lower concentration of ]s than the ].<ref> (PDF) U.S. Census Bureau. Accessed August 31, 2006.</ref> Few of San Francisco's residents have lived there their whole lives. Only 35% of its residents were born in California; 39% were born outside the United States.<ref name="SFEconomicStrategy">{{cite web | last = Egan | first = Ted | title=An Overview of San Francisco's Recent Economic Performance | format = PDF | date = May 3, 2006 | url=http://www.sfgov.org/site/uploadedfiles/moed/economic_strat/ExecutiveSummary_EconomicPerformanceReview.pdf | accessmonthday=August 27 | accessyear=2006 | publisher = ICF Consulting}}</ref>

San Francisco has the highest percentage of same-sex households of any American county, with the Bay Area having a higher concentration than any other metropolitan area.<ref name="gaystats">{{cite web | title=Gay and Lesbian Families in the United States: Same-Sex Unmarried Partner Households | format = PDF | url=http://www.hrc.org/Content/ContentGroups/Publications1/census.pdf#search=%22cities%20with%20largest%20number%20of%20same%20sex%20couples%22 | accessmonthday=August 27 | accessyear=2006 | publisher = Human Rights Campaign }}</ref> Gay men outnumber lesbians; it has been estimated that one in five males over the age of 15 is gay.<ref>{{cite web | last = Tanner | first = Adam | date = April 7, 2006 | title=San Francisco may be the World's Gayest City - Report| url=http://news.scotsman.com/latest.cfm?id=540112006 | accessmonthday=September 4 | accessyear=2006 | publisher = ''Scotsman''}}</ref>

The San Francisco median household income, at $57,496 in 2005, is the fifth-highest for any large city in the nation.<ref name="MedianIncome"> (PDF) U.S. Census Bureau. Accessed September 5, 2005.</ref> Following a national trend, an out-migration of middle class families is contributing to widening income disparity<ref name="MiddleClass">Hendricks, Tyche (June 22, 2006) ''San Francisco Chronicle.'' Accessed September 5, 2006.</ref> and has left the city with a lower proportion of children, 14.5%, than any other large city in the United States.<ref name="ChildPopulation">{{cite web | last = Leff | first = Lisa | date = May 24, 2005 | title=Child Population Dwindles in San Francisco | url=http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/n/a/2005/05/24/national/a111604D45.DTL | accessmonthday=August 27 | accessyear=2006 | publisher = ''San Francisco Chronicle''}}</ref> Nevertheless, the ], at 7.8%, is lower than the national average and among the lowest for cities ranked by the U.S. Census Department.<ref> (Microsoft Excel) U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved September 5, 2006</ref>

]ness has been a chronic and controversial problem for San Francisco since the early 1980s. The city is believed to have the highest number of homeless inhabitants per capita of any major city in the United States.<ref>
{{cite web | last = Pratt | first = Timothy | title = Critics say regional plan won't solve the problem | publisher = ''Las Vegas Sun'' | date = August 13-14, 2006 | url = http://www.lasvegassun.com/sunbin/stories/sun/2005/aug/12/519199343.html | accessmonthday = August 30 | accessyear = 2006 }}</ref> The ] of violent and property crime, reported for 2003 as 742 and 4943 incidents per 100,000 residents respectively,<ref name="SFCrimeRank"> Federal Bureau of Investigation. Accessed September 5, 2006.</ref> are higher than the national average.<ref> Federal Bureau of Investigation. Accessed September 6, 2006.</ref> Among the 50 largest U.S. cities by population, San Francisco ranks 32nd and 38th in each of those categories.<ref name="SFCrimeRank"/>

==Government==
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{{seealso|Mayor of San Francisco}}
The City and County of San Francisco is a ], a status it has had since 1856. It is the only such consolidation in California. The ] is also the county executive and the county ] acts as the ]. Because of its unique status, it exercises jurisdiction over property that would otherwise be located outside of its corporation limit. ], though located in San Mateo County, is owned and operated by the City and County of San Francisco. San Francisco was also granted a perpetual leasehold over the ] and ] in ] by the ] in 1913.

]]]

Under the city charter, the Government of San Francisco is constituted of two co-equal branches. The executive branch is headed by the mayor and includes other city-wide elected and appointed officials, and the civil service. The 11-member ], the legislative branch, is headed by a President (], as of 2006) and is responsible for passing laws and budgets, though San Franciscans also make use of ] to pass legislation. The members of the Board of Supervisors are elected as representatives of specific districts within the city.<ref name="SF_Gov_Supervisor_Districts">{{cite web | title=Board of Supervisors District Information | url=http://www.sfgov.org/site/bdsupvrs_index.asp?id=4385 | publisher = City and County of San Francisco, Board of Supervisors | accessmonthday=January 29 | accessyear=2006 }}</ref> If the mayor dies or resigns, the President of the Board of Supervisors assumes the office, as ] did after the assassination of ] in 1978. The municipal budget in 2006 was greater than $5 billion.<ref name="BudgetSF">{{cite web | title= A Guide to San Francisco's Budget Process, April, 2005 | format = PDF | url= http://www.sfgov.org/site/uploadedfiles/controller/budget_information/BudgGd_05.pdf | accessmonthday=August 25 | accessyear=2006 | publisher = City and County of San Francisco, Controller's Office}}</ref>

The federal government utilizes San Francisco as the regional hub for many arms of the federal bureaucracy, including the ], the ], and the ]. Until decommissioning in the early 1990s, the city had three major military installations - the ], ], and ] - a legacy still reflected in the annual celebration of '']''. The State of California uses San Francisco as the home of the state ] and other state agencies. Foreign governments have located in excess of thirty foreign ]s in San Francisco.<ref> Yellowpages.com, Accessed August 27, 2006.</ref>
{{-}}

== Economy ==
] receives 1.5 million visitors per year.<ref> National Park Labs, National Park Service. Accessed September 4, 2006.</ref>]]
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{{seealso|List of companies headquartered in San Francisco, California}}

] is the backbone of the San Francisco economy. Its ] in music, film, and popular culture has made the city and its landmarks recognizable worldwide. It is the city where ] left his ], where the '']'' spent many of his final years, and where ]<ref>Finz, Stacy (July 16, 2006) ''San Francisco Chronicle.'' Retrieved on September 5, 2006.</ref> was said to be the favorite treat. San Francisco attracts the fifth highest number of foreign tourists of any city in the United States<ref> U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Travel & Tourism Industries. Accessed August 27, 2006.</ref> and claims ] near ] to be the third-most popular tourist attraction in the nation.<ref> City and County of San Francisco. Accessed September 4, 2006.</ref> More than 15 million visitors came to San Francisco in 2005, injecting nearly $7.5 billion into the economy.<ref>Raine, George. (May 13, 2006). ''San Francisco Chronicle''. Accessed August 23, 2006.</ref> With a large hotel and restaurant infrastructure and a world-class facility in the ], San Francisco also is a top-ten North American destination for conventions and conferences.<ref>Spain, William (November 13, 2004). CBS MarketWatch. Accessed September 3, 2006.</ref>

] in the ]]]The legacy of the ] turned San Francisco into the principal banking and finance center of the west coast. ] in the ] is known as the "Wall Street of the West", home to the ] and formerly the site of the ]. ], a pioneer in making banking services accessible to the middle class, was founded in San Francisco. Many large financial institutions, multinational banks and venture capital firms are based in or have set up regional headquarters in the city. With over thirty international financial institutions,<ref> city-data.com Accessed September 30, 2006.</ref> six ] companies<ref> CNNMoney.com Accessed August 31, 2006.</ref> and a large support infrastructure of professional services, including ], ], ], and ] also populating the downtown, San Francisco is one of ten ].

San Francisco's economy has increasingly become tied to that of ] to the south, sharing a need for highly educated workers with specialized skills. It has been positioning itself as a ] and ] hub and research center. The ] neighborhood, site of a second campus of ], fosters a budding industry and serves as headquarters of the ], the public agency funding ] programs statewide.

The penetration of national ] retail chains into the city has been slow. The Small Business Commission supports local merchants in an effort to keep a larger share of retail dollars in the local economy.<ref>{{cite web | title= Main Street Fights Chain Street | last = Said | first = Carolyn | date = November 29, 2005 | url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2005/11/29/BUGN3FS8911.DTL&type=business | accessmonthday=August 27 | accessyear=2006 | publisher = ''San Francisco Chronicle''}}</ref> Small businesses with fewer than ten employees and self-employed firms make up 85 percent of city establishments.<ref>{{cite web | last = Tan | first = Aldrich M. | date = April 12, 2006 | title=San Francisco is gateway city for immigrants and Silicon Valley Technology
| url=http://www.sanfranciscosentinel.com/news_in_brief/sf_tech_gateway_060412.shtml | accessmonthday=August 27 | accessyear=2006 | publisher = ''San Francisco Sentinel''}}</ref> The number of San Franciscans employed by firms of greater than 1000 employees has fallen by half since 1977.<ref name="SFEconomicStrategy"/>

==Media==
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<!-- FAIR USE of Caen.jpg: see image description page at http://en.wikipedia.org/Image:Caen.jpg for rationale -->
], columnist for the '']'']]The '']'', a ] for which ] famously published his daily musings, is northern California's most widely circulated newspaper.<ref> (March 31, 2006) Audit Bureau of Circulations. Accessed August 28, 2006.</ref> The '']'', once the cornerstone of ]'s media empire and the home of ], declined in circulation over the years and has been reduced to a small ].<ref>{{cite web | last = Rosenberg | first = Scott | title = The San Francisco Examiner, 1887-2000 | publisher = Salon.com | date = March 20, 2000 | url = http://archive.salon.com/media/feature/2000/03/21/examiner/index.html | accessmonthday = August 28 | accessyear= 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = Nolte | first = Carl | title = Examiner Staff Ends an Era With Tears, Newsroom Tales | publisher = ''San Francisco Chronicle'' | date = November 22, 2000 | url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2000/11/22/MN121380.DTL&hw=san+francisco+examiner&sn=005&sc=498 | accessmonthday = August 28 | accessyear= 2006 }}</ref> '']'' claims to be the largest of several Chinese language dailies that serve the Bay Area.<ref>{{cite web | last = Hua | first = Vanessa | title = Newspaper war in the Bay Area: Ming Pao becomes 6th Chinese-language daily | publisher = ''San Francisco Chronicle'' | date = August 3, 2004 | url = http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/08/03/BAGI781MM91.DTL | accessmonthday = August 28 | accessyear= 2006 }}</ref> ] newspapers include the '']'' and '']''. '']'' is a major glossy magazine. There are numerous community-specific papers that serve niche markets and individual neighborhoods
The San Francisco metro area is the fifth largest ]<ref> (August 23, 2006) ''Nielsen Media,'' Accessed September 20, 2006.</ref> and the fourth largest ]<ref> ''Arbitron,'' Accessed September 20, 2006.</ref> in the United States. All the major ]s have ] serving the Bay Area region, with most of them based in the city. There are also some unaffiliated stations, and ] and ] have regional offices in San Francisco.

] outlets include both a ] and a ], broadcasting under the name ] out of a facility near the ] district. KQED-FM is the most-listened to ] affiliate in the country.<ref> (PDF) Radio Research Consortium. Accessed August 27, 2006.</ref> San Francisco companies such as ] and ] pioneered the use of the internet as a media outlet. Leading global media which are marketed specifically to gay and lesbian audiences are centered in San Francisco, with ] the parent company of major print newsmagazines and online communities.

==Education==
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===Colleges and universities===
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{{seealso|List of colleges and universities in San Francisco}}
Though somewhat overshadowed by nearby ] near ] and the ] at ], San Francisco is home to several noteworthy schools. ] is part of the ] and is located near Lake Merced. The school has close to 30,000 students and awards undergraduate and master's degrees in more than 100 disciplines. The ], with its main facility in the ] district, is one of the largest two-year ]s in the country. It has an enrollment of about 65,000 students, and offers an extensive continuing education program.<ref> (PDF) City College of San Francisco. Accessed August 27, 2006.</ref> Founded in 1855, the ]-run ], located on ], focuses on the ], and is one of the oldest universities established west of the Mississippi.

] campus of ]]]
The ] is one of the ten campuses of the ], and is San Francisco's second largest employer. It is the medical school of the University of California and ranked among the top-five in the United States.<ref> ''U.S. News and World Report''. Accessed August 26, 2006.</ref> It also operates the ], ranked among the top 10 hospitals in the United States.<ref> ''U.S. News and World Report''. Accessed August 26, 2006.</ref> A 43-acre ] campus, complementing its original facility in ], opened in 2003. It contains research space and facilities to foster biotechnology and life sciences entrepreneurship and will double the size of UCSF's research enterprise. The ], founded in ] in 1878, is the oldest law school in California and claims more judges on the state bench than any other institution.<ref> University of California, Hastings College of the Law. Accessed August 30, 2006.</ref>

Visual arts are served by the ], an accredited school of ], and ], the largest private school of art and design in the U.S.<ref> Academy of Art University. Accessed August 27, 2006.</ref> The ], the only school of its kind on the west coast, grants degrees in orchestral instruments, chamber music, composition, and conducting.
The ], associated with the ] program, offers programs in the culinary arts, baking & pastry arts, and hospitality & restaurant management.

===Primary and secondary schools===
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]s are run by the ]. ], the oldest public high school in the U.S. west of the Mississippi,<ref> San Francisco Unified School District. Accessed September 4, 2006.</ref> and the smaller ] are San Francisco's two ]s. Just under 30 percent of the city's school-age population attends one of San Francisco's more than 100 ] or ]s, compared to a 10 percent rate nationwide.<ref name="SFGPrvtSchools">{{cite web | last = Knight | first = Heather | title = Many reluctantly chose private schools | publisher = ''San Francisco Chronicle'' | date = May 31, 2006 | url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/05/31/MNGJIJ50T41.DTL | accessmonthday = August 27 | accessyear= 2006 }}</ref> The ] manages nearly 40 of those schools.<ref> Archdiocese of San Francisco, Department of Catholic Schools. Accessed August 27, 2006.</ref>

== Culture and contemporary life==
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:{{main|Culture of San Francisco, California}}
San Francisco is characterized by a high standard of living.<ref> San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association, Accessed August 28, 2006.</ref> The great wealth and opportunity generated by the internet revolution drew many highly educated and high income workers and residents to San Francisco. Poorer neighborhoods have become ]. The downtown has seen a renaissance driven by the redevelopment of the ], including the neighborhoods ] and ]. Property values and household income have escalated to among the highest in the nation,<ref>{{cite web | last = Sadovi | first = Maura Webber | title = San Francisco's Home Prices Remain Among the Highest in U.S. | publisher = ''The Wall Street Journal'' | date = April 10, 2006 | url = http://www.realestatejournal.com/columnists/livingthere/20060412-livingthere.html | accessmonthday = August 28 | accessyear= 2006 }}</ref><ref name="MedianIncome"/><ref> ''San Francisco Magazine''. Accessed August 28, 2006.</ref> allowing the city to support a large restaurant and entertainment infrastructure. Because the cost of living in San Francisco is exceptionally high, many middle class families have decided they can no longer afford to live within the city and have left to the suburbs of the San Francisco Bay Area.<ref name="MiddleClass"/>

] in ]]]

Although the centralized commerce and shopping districts downtown, including the ] and the area around ], are well-known, San Francisco is also characterized by a rich street environment featuring many ] neighborhoods anchored around central commercial corridors to which residents and visitors alike can walk. They feature a mix of businesses and restaurants catering to the daily needs of the community and drawing in visitors. Some are highly gentrified, dotted with boutiques, cafes and nightlife, such as ] in ], and ] in ]. Others are less so, including ] in the ], or ] in the ]. This approach has influenced the South of Market redevelopment, with businesses and neighborhood services rising alongside highrise residences.<ref name="FogDev">Wach, Bonnie (October 3, 2003) ''USA Today''. Retrieved on September 4, 2006.</ref>

] in ].]]The international character San Francisco has had since its founding is witnessed today by large numbers of immigrants from ] and ]. With 39% of its residents born overseas,<ref name="SFEconomicStrategy"/> San Francisco has numerous neighborhoods filled with businesses and civic institutions catering to new arrivals. In particular, the arrival of many ethnic Chinese, which accelerated beginning in the 1970s, complemented the already-established community based in ] and has transformed the annual ] into the largest cultural event of its kind.<ref>Lam, Eric (December 22, 2005). ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved on August 31, 2006.</ref>

Following the arrival of writers and artists of the 1950s, who established the modern ] culture, and the social upheavals of the 1960s, San Francisco became one of the hypocenters of ] activism, with ], ], and ] dominating city politics. Indeed, San Francisco has not given the ] candidate for president greater than 20% of the vote since ].<ref> Accessed September 6, 2006.</ref> The gay rights contributions and leadership the city has shown since the 1970s has resulted in the powerful presence gays and lesbians have in civic life. A popular destination for gay tourists, it hosts ], the world's best known gay pride parade and festival.

===Performing arts===
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]]]
San Francisco's ] features some of the longest operating performing arts companies in the United States. The ] houses the ] and ], while the ] plays in ]. The ] stages an eclectic mix of music performances, as well as ]'s '']''.

] is a music venue located in the ]. It is the second incarnation of a venue which gained fame in the 1960s under concert promoter ] and was where the ], ], and ] got their start and fostered the ]. '']'' is a zany musical revue and civic institution. It has performed to sold out crowds in ] since 1974.

The ] (A.C.T.) has been a leading force in Bay Area performing arts since its arrival in San Francisco in 1967, routinely staging original productions. San Francisco frequently hosts national touring productions of ] shows in a number of vintage 1920s-era venues in the ] including the ], ], and ] Theatres.
] from ]]]

===Museums===
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{{see also|List of Museums in San Francisco}}
The ] (SFMOMA) contains 20th Century and contemporary pieces. It moved to its iconic building in ] in 1995 and attracts 600,000 visitors annually.<ref> San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Accessed September 1, 2006.</ref> The ] contains primarily European works. The ] and the ] have significant anthropological and non-European holdings.

The ], originally built for the ], today houses the ], a popular science museum dedicated to teaching through hands-on interaction. The ] is a ] museum and hosts the ] and ]. The ] cares for a total of about 250 animal species out of which 39 have been deemed endangered or threatened.<ref> San Francisco Zoo. Accessed September 3, 2006.</ref>



==Sports==
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The ] of the ] are the longest-tenured major professional sports franchise in the city. They began play in 1946 and moved to their present location in ] on ] in 1971. They reached prominence in the 1980s and 1990s, winning five ] titles behind stars ], ], and ].

] light rail passes ], home of the ]]]
]'s ] left New York for California prior to the 1958 season. Though boasting stars such as ], ], and ], they have yet to win the ] while based in San Francisco. Game 3 of the ] in San Francisco was infamously pre-empted by the ]. The Giants play at ] which was opened in 2000, a cornerstone project of the ] and ] redevelopment.<ref> Environmental Protection Agency. Accessed August 28, 2006.</ref>

The Dons, the athletic teams of the ], compete in ] ]. ] led the Dons to ] in 1955 and 1956. The ] Gators compete in ]. The ] of ] play at ], which they will share with the ] of ]. The semi-professional ] of the USL's ] are a second ] team in the city.

San Francisco has ample resources and opportunities for participatory sports and recreation. The ] footrace, held annually since 1912, is best known for colorful costumes and a celebratory community spirit. The ] is an annual event that attracts more than 7,000 participants.<ref> The San Francisco Marathon. Accessed September 3, 2006.</ref> There are more than 200 miles (320&nbsp;km) of ]s in the city<ref> City and County of San Francisco. Accessed September 3, 2006.</ref> and the Embarcadero and ] are favored sites for ]. Extensive public tennis facilities exist in Golden Gate Park and ]. ] and ] are popular activities on the San Francisco Bay and the city operates a ] in the ]. San Francisco's residents have been judged to be among the fittest in the United States.<ref name="fitness">{{cite web | title= America's Fattest Cities | url= http://www.mensfitness.com/rankings/304 | accessmonthday=August 26 | accessyear=2006 | publisher = ''Men's Fitness'' }}</ref>
{{-}}

==Transportation==
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] connects to ] and the ].]]
===Roads and highways===
Because of its unique geography &mdash; making ]s somewhat impractical &mdash; and the results of the ]s of the late 1950s, San Francisco is one of the few cities in the U.S. that has opted for European-style ] instead of a large network of ]. City residents continued this trend following the 1989 ], choosing to demolish the ] and a portion of the ] and convert them into street-level boulevards.

] begins at the approach to the ] and is the only direct automobile link to the East Bay. ] extends Interstate 80 to the south along the San Francisco Bay toward ]. Northbound, 101 uses arterial streets ] and ] to the ], the only direct road access from San Francisco to ] and points north. ] also enters San Francisco at the Golden Gate Bridge, but diverts away from 101, bisecting the west side of the city as the ] arterial thoroughfare, and joining with ] at the city's southern border. Interstate 280 continues this route along the central portion of the Peninsula south to ]. Northbound, 280 turns north and east and terminates in the South of Market area. Major east-west thoroughfares include ], the ]/] corridor, and ]/].

===Public transportation===
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] climbing ]]]] solely within the city of San Francisco is provided predominantly by the ] (Muni). The city-owned system operates both a combined light rail/subway system (the ]) and a bus network that includes both ]es and standard diesel buses. Additionally, Muni runs the ] and the iconic ].

Commuter rail is provided by two complementary agencies. ] (BART) is the regional rapid transit system which connects San Francisco with the ] through the ]. It extends south of the city through northern ] to ]. The ] rail system runs from San Francisco along the ] It connects with BART in ], continues down the Peninsula to ], and provides limited service farther south to ] in southern ].

The ] serves as the terminus for long range bus service (such as ]) and as a hub for regional bus systems ] (to ]), ] (San Mateo County), and ] (Marin and ]). ] also runs a shuttle bus from San Francisco to its rail station in ].

A small fleet of commuter and tourist ] operate from the ] and ] to points in ], ], and north to ] in ].

===Airports===
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{{main|San Francisco International Airport}}
] (SFO), though located 13 miles (21 km) south of the city in ], is under the jurisdiction of the City and County of San Francisco. It is a hub for ], its largest tenant,<ref name="UAL">{{cite web | last = Young | first = Eric | title = Pact keeps United from flying away | publisher = ''San Francisco Business Times'' | date = April 2, 2004 | url = http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/2004/04/05/story1.html | accessmonthday = August 28 | accessyear = 2006 }}</ref>
and the decision by ] to base its future operations out of SFO<ref name="VirginAmerica">{{cite web | last = Raine | first = George | title = Taking to the air: Low-fare startup Virgin America says it has the funding to fly | publisher = ''San Francisco Chronicle'' | date = December 9, 2005 | url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/12/09/VIRGIN.TMP | accessmonthday = August 28 | accessyear = 2006 }}</ref> reverses the trend of ]s opting to bypass SFO for ] and ]. SFO is an international gateway, with the largest international terminal in North America.<ref name="intlterminalfactsheet"> (PDF) San Francisco International Airport. (Largest in terms of square feet). Retrieved on August 22, 2006.</ref> The airport is built on a landfill extension into the ]. During the economic boom of the late 1990s, when traffic saturation led to frequent delays, it became difficult to respond to calls to relieve the pressure by constructing an additional runway as that would have required additional landfill. Such calls subsided in the early 2000s as traffic declined, and, in 2005, SFO was the 14th busiest airport in the United States and 23rd largest in the world, handling 32.8 million passengers.<ref name="23rd"> Airports Council International. Retrieved on August 23, 2006.</ref>

===Seaports===
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] along the ]]]
{{main|Port of San Francisco}}
The ] was once the largest and busiest seaport on the west coast. It featured rows of ] perpendicular to the shore, where cargo from the moored ships was handled by cranes and manual labor and transported to nearby warehouses. The port handled cargo to and from trans-Pacific and Atlantic destinations, and was the west coast center of the ]. The ], an important episode in the history of the ], brought the port to a standstill. The advent of ] made pier-based ports obsolete and most commercial berths moved to the ].

Many piers remained derelict for years until the demolition of the ] reopened the downtown waterfront, allowing for redevelopment. The centerpiece of the port, the ], while still receiving ] traffic, has been restored and redeveloped as a gourmet marketplace. The port's other activities now focus on developing waterside assets to support recreation and tourism.

== See also ==
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<!-- PLEASE KEEP THIS LIST IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER -->
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]

==Notes==
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<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
<references />
</div>
==References==
<!-- Books & Journals cited in the Notes section -->
*{{cite book
| last = De La Perouse
| first = Jean Francois
| coauthors = Yamane, Linda Gonsalves; Margolin, Malcolm
| title = Life in a California Mission: Monterey in 1786: The Journals of Jean Francois De La Perouse
| year=1989
| publisher=Heyday Books
| id = ISBN 0-930588-39-8 }}
*{{cite book
| last = Hansen
| first = Gladys
| title = San Francisco Almanac: Everything you want to know about the city
| publisher = Chronicle Books
| date = 1995
| location =
| id = ISBN 0-8118-0841-6}}
*{{cite journal
| last = London
| first = Jack
| title = The Story of an Eyewitness by Jack London
| journal = Collier's, The National Weekly
| date = May 5, 1906 }}
*{{cite book
| last = Richards
| first = Rand
| title = Historic San Francisco: A Concise History and Guide
| publisher = Heritage House
| date = 1991
| location =
| id = ISBN 1-879367-00-9 }}
*{{cite book
| last = Ungaretti
| first = Lorri
| title = San Francisco's Richmond District
| publisher = Arcadia Publishing
| date = 2005
| location =
| id = ISBN 0-738530-53-0 }}
*{{cite book | author=Wiley, Peter Booth | title=National trust guide San Francisco: America’s guide for architecture and history travelers | publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | year=2000 | id=ISBN 0-471-19120-5}}
==Further reading==

*{{cite book | year= 1989 | publisher=Dorset Press | title=The Barbary Coast: An Informal History of the San Francisco Underworld | author=Asbury, Hubert | id=ISBN 0-880294-28-0 }}
*{{cite book | author=Bronson, William | title=The Earth Shook, the Sky Burned | publisher=Chronicle Books |year=2006 | id=ISBN 0-811850-47-1 }}
*{{cite book | year= 1987 | publisher=Square Books | title=Spanning the Gate | author=Cassady, Stephen | id=ISBN 0-916290-36-0 }}
*{{cite book | year= 1998 | publisher=Celestial Arts (Reissue edition) | title=High Steel: Building the Bridges Across San Francisco Bay | author=Dillon, Richard H. | id=ISBN 0-880294-28-0 }}
*{{ cite book | title=Literary San Francisco: A pictorial history from its beginnings to the present day | author=Ferlinghetti, Lawrence | id=ISBN 0-062503-25-1 | year=1980 | publisher=Harper & Row }}
*{{cite book | year=2002 | publisher=University of California Press | title=City for Sale: The Transformation of San Francisco | author=Hartman, Chester | id=ISBN 0-520086-05-8 }}
*{{ cite book | title=Rush for Riches: Gold Fever and the Making of California | author=Holliday, J. S. | id = ISBN 0-520214-02-1 | year=1999 | publisher=University of California Press }}
*{{cite book | year= 1997 | publisher=University of Illinois Press | title=San Francisco, 1846-1856: From Hamlet to City | author=Lotchin, Roger W. | id=ISBN 0-252066-31-6 }}
*{{cite book | year= 1981 | publisher=Heydey Books | title=The Ohlone Way: Indian Life in the San Francisco-Monterey Bay Area | author=Margolin, Malcolm | id=ISBN 0-930588-01-0 }}
*{{cite book | year= 1971 | publisher=Stein and Day | title=The San Francisco Earthquake | author=Thomas, Gordon and Witts, Max Morgan| id=ISBN 0-812813-60-X }}

==External links==
<!-- PLEASE CONSIDER MAKING YOUR ADDITIONS TO THE SAN FRANCISCO DAUGHTER PAGES. THIS ARTICLE IS MATURE. -->
{{portal|San Francisco Bay Area}}
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*{{wikitravelpar|San Francisco}}
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{{Neighborhoods of San Francisco}}
{{California}}
{{USLargestCities}}
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{{featured article}}

{{Link FA|fr}}

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Revision as of 18:54, 17 November 2006

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