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| Prisoners in Australia are generally from a disadvantaged socioeconomic background, and often have higher rates of tobacco smoking, illicit drug use and alcohol consumption in comparison to the general public. The disadvantages in socioeconomic background |
Prisoners in Australia are generally from a disadvantaged socioeconomic background, and often have higher rates of tobacco smoking, illicit drug use and alcohol consumption in comparison to the general public. The disadvantages in socioeconomic background consequently develop into a significant disparity in health between prisoners and the general public in Australia. | ||
| The health of prisoners is an ongoing issue in Australia requiring assessment, as the health status of prisoners project onto the society of Australia as a whole. | |||
| == Socioeconomic factors == | == Socioeconomic factors == | ||
| The acknowledgement that there is correlation between socioeconomic factors to health and wellbeing is not limited to Australia, but is accepted worldwide. | |||
| Common socioeconomic factors of prisoners in Australia that reflect onto the health and wellbeing include cultural background, education and family relationships/upbringing. | Common socioeconomic factors of prisoners in Australia that reflect onto the health and wellbeing include cultural background, education and family relationships/upbringing. | ||
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| === Education === | === Education === | ||
| "Education is one of the recognised social detriments to health, with lower levels of education being strongly associated with poorer health"<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The health of Australia's prisoners 2015|last=|first=|publisher=Australian Institute of Health and Welfare|year=2015|isbn=978-1-74249-866-9|location=Canberra|pages=}}</ref> | "Education is one of the recognised social detriments to health, with lower levels of education being strongly associated with poorer health".<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The health of Australia's prisoners 2015|last=|first=|publisher=Australian Institute of Health and Welfare|year=2015|isbn=978-1-74249-866-9|location=Canberra|pages=}}</ref> | ||
| === Family === | === Family === | ||
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| === Asthma === | === Asthma === | ||
| Asthma is a common respiratory disease amongst prisoners in Australia, | Asthma is a common respiratory disease amongst prisoners in Australia, | ||
| Nearly a quarter of male prisoners have been diagnosed with asthma (22%) and over a quarter of female prisoners have been diagnosed with asthma (31%). Also, Asthma is more prevalent in prisoners as age increases, with the exception of ages between 25 and 34, where asthma diagnosis rate is highest (29%). | Nearly a quarter of male prisoners have been diagnosed with asthma (22%) and over a quarter of female prisoners have been diagnosed with asthma (31%). Also, Asthma is more prevalent in prisoners as age increases, with the exception of ages between 25 and 34, where asthma diagnosis rate is highest (29%).<ref name=":0" /> | ||
| There is no evidence of asthma being significantly more prevalent in Indigenous Australians (25%) relative to Non-Indigenous Australians (23%). | There is no evidence of asthma being significantly more prevalent in Indigenous Australians (25%) relative to Non-Indigenous Australians (23%).<ref name=":0" /> | ||
| === Arthritis === | === Arthritis === | ||
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| === Diabetes === | === Diabetes === | ||
| === Hypertension === | |||
| === Oral Health === | === Oral Health === | ||
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| === Hepatitis C === | === Hepatitis C === | ||
| "More than 300,000 Australians are estimated to have been exposed to HCV virus, of whom around 226,700 are living with chronic infection, including 16,000 Indigenous Australians".<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mokhlis|first=Michael|date=2016|title=Hepatitis C in Australian prisons: a national needs assessment|url=|journal=International Journal of Prisoner Health|volume=12|pages=3-16|via=}}</ref> | |||
| <br /> | <br /> | ||
Revision as of 20:34, 12 May 2019
Prisoners in Australia are generally from a disadvantaged socioeconomic background, and often have higher rates of tobacco smoking, illicit drug use and alcohol consumption in comparison to the general public. The disadvantages in socioeconomic background consequently develop into a significant disparity in health between prisoners and the general public in Australia.
The health of prisoners is an ongoing issue in Australia requiring assessment, as the health status of prisoners project onto the society of Australia as a whole.
Socioeconomic factors
The acknowledgement that there is correlation between socioeconomic factors to health and wellbeing is not limited to Australia, but is accepted worldwide.
Common socioeconomic factors of prisoners in Australia that reflect onto the health and wellbeing include cultural background, education and family relationships/upbringing.
Cultural Background
The majority of prisoners in custody are born in Australia, at eighty-one percent. Three percent are born in New Zealand, two percent are born in Vietnam, two percent are born in the United Kingdom and the remaining eleven percent from other countries.
Education
"Education is one of the recognised social detriments to health, with lower levels of education being strongly associated with poorer health".
Family
Physical Health
There are numerous physical health conditions that arise for prisoners in Australia. Some of the most common health problems include; asthma, arthritis, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and complications to oral health.
Asthma
Asthma is a common respiratory disease amongst prisoners in Australia,
Nearly a quarter of male prisoners have been diagnosed with asthma (22%) and over a quarter of female prisoners have been diagnosed with asthma (31%). Also, Asthma is more prevalent in prisoners as age increases, with the exception of ages between 25 and 34, where asthma diagnosis rate is highest (29%).
There is no evidence of asthma being significantly more prevalent in Indigenous Australians (25%) relative to Non-Indigenous Australians (23%).
Arthritis
Cancer
Cardiovascular Disease
Diabetes
Hypertension
Oral Health
Infectious Diseases
Sexually Transmissible Infections
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
"More than 300,000 Australians are estimated to have been exposed to HCV virus, of whom around 226,700 are living with chronic infection, including 16,000 Indigenous Australians".
Mental Health
Self-harm
Health services
While Australians have access to free and subsidised healthcare in the form of medicare, prisoners are not granted medicare and are therefore not granted access to free and subsidised healthcare.
Generally, nurses are predominantly the first
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References
- ^ The health of Australia's prisoners 2015. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 2015. ISBN 978-1-74249-866-9.
- Mokhlis, Michael (2016). "Hepatitis C in Australian prisons: a national needs assessment". International Journal of Prisoner Health. 12: 3–16.