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'''Japheth''' ({{Hebrew Name 2|?????|?????|Yéfet|Yáfet|Yép¯e?|Yap¯e?|"enlarge"}}) is one of the ] in the ]. He is most popularly regarded as the youngest son, though some traditions regard him as the eldest son. Genesis 10:21 refers to relative ages of Japheth and his brother Shem, but with sufficient ambiguity to have given rise to different translations. The verse is translated in the ] as follows, "Unto Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, the brother of '''Japheth the elder''', even to him were children born". However, the ] gives, "To Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, '''the elder brother of Japheth''', children were born." '''Japheth''' ({{Hebrew Name 2|יפת|?????|Yéfet|Yáfet|Yép¯e?|Yap¯e?|"enlarge"}}) is one of the ] in the ]. He is most popularly regarded as the youngest son, though some traditions regard him as the eldest son. Genesis 10:21 refers to relative ages of Japheth and his brother Shem, but with sufficient ambiguity to have given rise to different translations. The verse is translated in the ] as follows, "Unto Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, the brother of '''Japheth the elder''', even to him were children born". However, the ] gives, "To Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, '''the elder brother of Japheth''', children were born."


In ] citations, his name is normally given as '''Yafeth (????) ibnu Nuh''' (Japheth son of Noah). In ] citations, his name is normally given as '''Yafeth (יפת) ibnu Nuh''' (Japheth son of Noah).


For those ], ]s, and ]s who take the ] to be historically accurate, Japheth is commonly believed to be the father of the ]s. The link between Japheth and the Europeans stems from '']'' 10:5, which states that the sons of Japheth moved to the "isles of the ]s," commonly believed to be the ] isles although some theories suggest the ] . According to that book, Japheth and his two ] formed the three major ]s: For those ], ]s, and ]s who take the ] to be historically accurate, Japheth is commonly believed to be the father of the ]s. The link between Japheth and the Europeans stems from '']'' 10:5, which states that the sons of Japheth moved to the "isles of the ]s," commonly believed to be the ] isles although some theories suggest the ] . According to that book, Japheth and his two ] formed the three major ]s:


*Japheth is the father of the ] race *Japheth is the father of the ]
*] is the father of the ] race *] is the father of the ]
*] is the father of the ] race *] is the father of the ]


The term "Japhetic" was also applied by ] and other early ]s to what later became known as the ] language group. In a different sense, it was also used by the ] linguist ] in his ]. The term "Japhetic" was also applied by ] and other early ]s to what later became known as the ] language group. In a different sense, it was also used by the ] linguist ] in his ].


==Japhetic race==
{{main|Japhetic}}
⚫
In the Bible, Japheth is ascribed seven sons: ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. According to ] ('']'' I.6): In the Bible, Japheth is ascribed seven sons: ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. According to ] ('']'' I.6):


:"Japhet, the son of Noah, had seven sons: they inhabited so, that, beginning at the mountains ] and ], they proceeded along Asia, as far as the river ] (Don), and along Europe to ]; and settling themselves on the lands which they light upon, which none had inhabited before, they called the nations by their own names." :"Japhet, the son of Noah, had seven sons: they inhabited so, that, beginning at the mountains ] and ], they proceeded along Asia, as far as the river ] (Don), and along Europe to ]; and settling themselves on the lands which they light upon, which none had inhabited before, they called the nations by their own names."
⚫
Josephus subsequently detailed the nations supposed to have descended from the seven sons of Japheth. Josephus subsequently detailed the nations supposed to have descended from the seven sons of Japheth. Among the nations various later writers have attempted to assign to them are as follows:
Among the nations various later writers have attempted to assign to them are as follows:
* Javan: ] (]ns) * Javan: ] (]ns)
* Magog: ]s, ], ], and possibly ] * Magog: ]s, ], ], and possibly ]
* Madai: ], ], ], ], ], ]s * Madai: ], ], ], ], ], ]s
* Tubal: ]i, ]s, ]s, ]s, ]s, ] * Tubal: ]i, ]s, ]s, ]s, ]s, ]
* Tiras: ], ], ], ]s * Tiras: ], ], ], ]s
* Meshech: ]s, Caucasus Iberians * Meshech: ]s, Caucasus Iberians
* Gomer: Scythians, ], ]s, ], ], ], ]. * Gomer: Scythians, ], ]s, ], ], ], ].

The "]", published in the 17th century, provides some new names for Japheth's grandchildren not seen in the Bible or any other source, and provided a much more detailed genealogy (see ]).
In the same vein, ]n nationalist histories associate Japheth's sons with certain ancient tribes, called ]s (]s, ''Tibarenoi'' in Greek) and ]s (Meshekhs/Mosokhs, ''Moschoi'' in Greek), who they claim represent non-Indo-European and non-Semitic, possibly "Proto-Iberian" tribes of ] of the ]-]. In the same vein, ]n nationalist histories associate Japheth's sons with certain ancient tribes, called ]s (]s, ''Tibarenoi'' in Greek) and ]s (Meshekhs/Mosokhs, ''Moschoi'' in Greek), who they claim represent non-Indo-European and non-Semitic, possibly "Proto-Iberian" tribes of ] of the ]-].
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:''...they will be kin to us, or they will fetch it from Japhet.'' (II.ii 117-18) :''...they will be kin to us, or they will fetch it from Japhet.'' (II.ii 117-18)
Genesis 10:5 was often interpreted to mean that the peoples of Europe were descended from Japheth. Clearly, then, any two Englishmen must have at least this one ancestor in common, and thus any individual could claim kinship with the king. Genesis 10:5 was often interpreted to mean that the peoples of Europe were descended from Japheth. Clearly, then, any two Englishmen must have at least this one ancestor in common, and thus any individual could claim kinship with the king.

== Genealogies==

The 17th century "]", provides some new names for Japheth's grandchildren not seen in any other source. More complete genealogies reconstructed on this basis include:

Japheth. Also Diphath. Literal meanings are opened, enlarged, fair or light (father of the ]/Indo-Europoid, ], Indo-Germanic, or ] races - Japhethites). Japheth is the progenitor of seven sons:

* ] "complete" (sons were ], ] and ]) - also Gamir, Gommer, Gomeri, Gomeria, Gomery, Goth, Guth, Gutar, Götar, Gadelas, Galic, Gallic, Galicia, Galica, Galatia, Gael, Getae, Galatae, Galatoi, Gaul, Galls, Goar, Celt, Celtae, Celticae, Kelt, Keltoi, Gimmer, Gimmerai, Gimirra, Gimirrai, Gimirraya, Kimmer, Kimmeroi, Kimirraa, Kumri, Umbri, Cimmer, Cimmeria, Cimbri, Cimbris, Crimea, Chomari, Cymric, Cymry, Cymru, Cymbry, Cumber (], ], Milesians, ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and other related groups);

* ] "land of God" (sons were Elichanaf, Lubal, Baath, Jobhath and Fathochta) - also Gog, Gogh, Magug, Magogae, Mugogh, Mat Gugi, Gugu, Gyges, Bedwig, Moghef, Magogian, Massagetae, Dacae, Sacae, Scyth, Scythi, Scythia, Scythae, Sythia, Scythes, Skuthai, Skythai, Scythia, Skythia, Scynthia, Scynthius, Sclaveni, Samartian, Scoloti, Skodiai, Scotti, Skoloti, Skoth-ai, Skoth, Skuthes, Skuth-a, Askuza, Askuasa, Alani, Alans, Alanic, Ulan, Uhlan also Rasapu, Rashu, Rukhs, Rukhs-As, Rhos, Ros, Rosh, Rox, Roxolani, Rhoxolani, Ruskolan, Rosichi, Rhossi, Rusichi, Rus, Ruska, Rossiya, Rusian (], ], ]); also Mas-ar, Mas-gar, Masgar, Mazar, Madj, Madjar, Makr-on, Makar, Makaroi, Merkar, Magor, Magar, Magyar (] - also Hungar, Hunugur, Hurri, Gurri, Onogur, Ugor, Ungar, Uhor, Venger); ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and other related groups);

* ] "middle land" (sons were Achon, Zeelo, Chazoni and Lotalso) - also Mada, Amada, Madae, Madea, Manda, Maday, Media, Madaean, Mata, Matiene, Mitani, Mitanni, Megala (], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], including the peoples of ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ], and other related groups;

* ] "miry" (sons were ], ], ] and ]) - also Jevanim, Iewanim, Iawan, Iawon, Iamanu, Iones, Ionians, Ellas, Ellines, El-li-ness, Hellas, Hellenes, Yavan, Yavanas, Yawan, Yuban, Yauna, Uinivu, Xuthus (], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and other related groups);

* ] "brought" (sons were Ariphi, Kesed and Taari) - also Tabal, Tabali, Tubalu, Tbilisi, Tibarenoi, Tibareni, Tibar, Tibor, Sabir, Sapir, Sabarda, Subar, Subartu, Thobal, Thobel, Tobol, Tobolsk (], ], and other related groups);

* ] "drawing out" (sons were Dedon, Zaron and Shebashnialso) - Me'shech, Mes'ek, Meshekh, Meskhi, Mushch, Muschki, Mushki, Mishi, Muski, Mushku, Musku, Muskeva, Muska, Muskaa, Muskai, Maskali, Machar, Maskouci, Mazakha, Mazaca, Massagatae, Mtskhetos, Modar-es, Moskhi, Moshkhi, Mosher, Moshch, Moschis, Mosoch, Moschi, Moschian, Mo'skhoi, Moschoi, Mosochenu, Mosochean, Mossynes, Mosynoeci, Moskva, Moscovy, ] (], ], ], ], and other related groups);

* ] "desire" (sons were Benib, Gera, Lupirion and Gilak) - also Tiracian, Thracian, Thirasian, Thuras, Troas, Tros, Troia, Troi, Troy, Trajan, Trojan, Taunrus, Tyrsen, Tyrrhena, Rasenna, Tursha, Tusci, ], ], Eturscan, Erul, Herul, Heruli, Erilar, Vanir, Danir, Daner, Aesar, Aesir, Asir, Svear, Svea, Svie, Svioner, Svenonian, Urmane, Norge (], ], Varangians, ], ], ], ], ], and other related groups).


== See also == == See also ==
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Revision as of 16:40, 25 November 2006

Japheth (Hebrew: יפת / ?????, Modern Yéfet / Yáfet Tiberian Yép¯e? / Yap¯e?, "enlarge") is one of the sons of Noah in the Bible. He is most popularly regarded as the youngest son, though some traditions regard him as the eldest son. Genesis 10:21 refers to relative ages of Japheth and his brother Shem, but with sufficient ambiguity to have given rise to different translations. The verse is translated in the KJV as follows, "Unto Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, the brother of Japheth the elder, even to him were children born". However, the Revised Standard Version gives, "To Shem also, the father of all the children of Eber, the elder brother of Japheth, children were born."

In Arabic citations, his name is normally given as Yafeth (יפת) ibnu Nuh (Japheth son of Noah).

For those Jews, Muslims, and Christians who take the genealogies of Genesis to be historically accurate, Japheth is commonly believed to be the father of the Europeans. The link between Japheth and the Europeans stems from Genesis 10:5, which states that the sons of Japheth moved to the "isles of the Gentiles," commonly believed to be the Greek isles although some theories suggest the British Isles . According to that book, Japheth and his two brothers formed the three major races:

The term "Japhetic" was also applied by William Jones and other early linguists to what later became known as the Indo-European language group. In a different sense, it was also used by the Soviet linguist Nikolai Marr in his Japhetic theory.

Japhetic race

Main article: Japhetic

In the Bible, Japheth is ascribed seven sons: Gomer, Magog, Tiras, Javan, Meshech, Tubal, and Madai. According to Josephus (Antiquities of the Jews I.6):

"Japhet, the son of Noah, had seven sons: they inhabited so, that, beginning at the mountains Taurus and Amanus, they proceeded along Asia, as far as the river Tanais (Don), and along Europe to Cadiz; and settling themselves on the lands which they light upon, which none had inhabited before, they called the nations by their own names."

Josephus subsequently detailed the nations supposed to have descended from the seven sons of Japheth. Among the nations various later writers have attempted to assign to them are as follows:

The "Book of Jasher", published in the 17th century, provides some new names for Japheth's grandchildren not seen in the Bible or any other source, and provided a much more detailed genealogy (see Japhetic).

In the same vein, Georgian nationalist histories associate Japheth's sons with certain ancient tribes, called Tubals (Tabals, Tibarenoi in Greek) and Meshechs (Meshekhs/Mosokhs, Moschoi in Greek), who they claim represent non-Indo-European and non-Semitic, possibly "Proto-Iberian" tribes of Asia Minor of the 3rd-1st millennias BC.

In the 19th century, Biblical syncretists associated the sons of Noah with ancient pagan gods. Japheth was identified by some scholars with figures from other mythologies, including Iapetos, the Greek Titan; the Indian figures Dyaus Pitar and Pra-Japati, and the Roman Iu-Pater or "Father Jove", which became Jupiter. Some or all of these resemblances may be mere coincidence; the actual Proto-Indo-European etymology of Latin Iuppiter or Iupiter, i.e. "Jupiter", is usually reconstructed as *dyeu-p?ter, "sky-father" (the * denotes a hypothetical, unattested form).

William Shakespeare's play Henry IV, Part II contains a wry comment about people who claim to be related to royal families. Prince Hal notes of such people,

...they will be kin to us, or they will fetch it from Japhet. (II.ii 117-18)

Genesis 10:5 was often interpreted to mean that the peoples of Europe were descended from Japheth. Clearly, then, any two Englishmen must have at least this one ancestor in common, and thus any individual could claim kinship with the king.

See also

External links

en:Japheth

Category: