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== History == == History ==
Some massacres of the Yazidis committed by Kurds: Some massacres of the Yazidis committed by Kurds:
* In 980-981, the Kurds surrounded the Yazidis in the ] region and killed most of them. Some Yazidis were captured and forced to Islam.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ezidipress.com/fr/2015/11/21/les-74-campagnes-genocidaires/|title=Les 74 campagnes génocidaires|last=|first=|date=|website=ÊzîdîPress - French|language=fr-FR|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=June 2019}}
* In 1414, the Kurds killed the Yazidis in the mountains of Hakkari.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3RNEBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45&dq=Sindi+Kurds&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjR4OfN8OniAhXD2aQKHQRdDDMQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion|last=Acikyildiz|first=Birgul|date=2014-08-20|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=|isbn=9781784532161|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref> Then the Kurds destroyed the holy temple ] of the Yazidis and desecrated the tomb of ]. Later, the Yazidis rebuilt their temple and the tomb of Sheikh Adi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://de.qantara.de/inhalt/die-religionsgemeinschaft-der-yezidi-weh-dem-der-nicht-ans-hoellenfeuer-glaubt|title=Die Religionsgemeinschaft der Yezidi: Weh dem, der nicht ans Höllenfeuer glaubt - Qantara.de|last=|first=|date=|website=Qantara.de - Dialog mit der islamischen Welt|language=de|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> * In 1414, the Kurds killed the Yazidis in the mountains of Hakkari.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3RNEBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45&dq=Sindi+Kurds&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjR4OfN8OniAhXD2aQKHQRdDDMQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion|last=Acikyildiz|first=Birgul|date=2014-08-20|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=|isbn=9781784532161|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref> Then the Kurds destroyed the holy temple ] of the Yazidis and desecrated the tomb of ]. Later, the Yazidis rebuilt their temple and the tomb of Sheikh Adi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://de.qantara.de/inhalt/die-religionsgemeinschaft-der-yezidi-weh-dem-der-nicht-ans-hoellenfeuer-glaubt|title=Die Religionsgemeinschaft der Yezidi: Weh dem, der nicht ans Höllenfeuer glaubt - Qantara.de|last=|first=|date=|website=Qantara.de - Dialog mit der islamischen Welt|language=de|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
* In 1585, the Kurds attacked the Yazidis in the ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e1282|title=Yazīdīs|last=|first=|date=|website=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> On the order of their Kurdish leader Ali Saidi Beg from ], they killed over 600 Yazidis in ]. Many Yazidi women and girls were raped by them. After that, they also sold many Yazidi women and girls.<ref name=":0" />{{better source needed|date=June 2019}}<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://payied.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/zhnany-ezedy-pdf.pdf|title=Yazidi Women as Odalisques|last=Abdulrahman Omer|first=Sarwar|date=|website=|page=37|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=June 2019}} * In 1585, the Kurds attacked the Yazidis in the ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e1282|title=Yazīdīs|last=|first=|date=|website=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> On the order of their Kurdish leader Ali Saidi Beg from ], they killed over 600 Yazidis in ]. Many Yazidi women and girls were raped by them. After that, they also sold many Yazidi women and girls.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ezidipress.com/fr/2015/11/21/les-74-campagnes-genocidaires/|title=Les 74 campagnes génocidaires|last=|first=|date=|website=ÊzîdîPress - French|language=fr-FR|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=June 2019}}<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://payied.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/zhnany-ezedy-pdf.pdf|title=Yazidi Women as Odalisques|last=Abdulrahman Omer|first=Sarwar|date=|website=|page=37|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=June 2019}}
* In 1832, the Kurdish emir Mohammed Pasha Rawanduz (Mire Kor, the blind prince) with his troops committed a massacre of the Yazidis in ]. Then he has attacked the Yazidis in ] and killed most of them.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ezidipress.com/blog/das-khatare-massaker-im-maerz-1832/|title=Das Khatare-Massaker im März 1832|last=|first=|date=|website=ÊzîdîPress|language=de-DE|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>{{better source|date=June 2019}}<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FCbspX-dGPYC&pg=PA63&dq=bedir+khan+beg+yazidis&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjMou_GxJbgAhWBY1AKHStVDd8Q6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development|last=Jwaideh|first=Wadie|date=2006|publisher=Syracuse University Press|year=|isbn=9780815630937|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref> In another attempt he and his troops occupied over 300 Yazidi villages. The Kurds have kidnapped over 10,000 Yazidis to ]. Then they gived them the option to convert to Islam or to be killed. Most of them converted to Islam but 100 Yazidis were killed because they refused.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hQIxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT254&dq=Ezidis&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjg5rCinfbiAhUCJFAKHWCOCl4Q6AEIRjAH#v=onepage&q=Ezidis&f=false|title=Der kurdische Fürst MĪR MUHAMMAD AL-RAWĀNDIZĪ genannt MĪR-Ī KŌRA: Ein Beitrag zur kurdischen Geschichte|last=NEBEZ|first=Jemal|date=2017-08-14|publisher=epubli|year=|isbn=9783745011258|location=|pages=|language=de}}</ref> After another massacre, the Kurdish emir Mohammed Pasha Rawanduz captured 500 Yazidi women and girls and kidnapped them to Rawandiz and he gave some of them as a gift to his friends.<ref name=":2" />{{better source needed|date=June 2019}} * In 1832, the Kurdish emir Mohammed Pasha Rawanduz (Mire Kor, the blind prince) with his troops committed a massacre of the Yazidis in ]. Then he has attacked the Yazidis in ] and killed most of them.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ezidipress.com/blog/das-khatare-massaker-im-maerz-1832/|title=Das Khatare-Massaker im März 1832|last=|first=|date=|website=ÊzîdîPress|language=de-DE|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>{{better source|date=June 2019}}<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FCbspX-dGPYC&pg=PA63&dq=bedir+khan+beg+yazidis&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjMou_GxJbgAhWBY1AKHStVDd8Q6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development|last=Jwaideh|first=Wadie|date=2006|publisher=Syracuse University Press|year=|isbn=9780815630937|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref> In another attempt he and his troops occupied over 300 Yazidi villages. The Kurds have kidnapped over 10,000 Yazidis to ]. Then they gived them the option to convert to Islam or to be killed. Most of them converted to Islam but 100 Yazidis were killed because they refused.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hQIxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT254&dq=Ezidis&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjg5rCinfbiAhUCJFAKHWCOCl4Q6AEIRjAH#v=onepage&q=Ezidis&f=false|title=Der kurdische Fürst MĪR MUHAMMAD AL-RAWĀNDIZĪ genannt MĪR-Ī KŌRA: Ein Beitrag zur kurdischen Geschichte|last=NEBEZ|first=Jemal|date=2017-08-14|publisher=epubli|year=|isbn=9783745011258|location=|pages=|language=de}}</ref> After another massacre, the Kurdish emir Mohammed Pasha Rawanduz captured 500 Yazidi women and girls and kidnapped them to Rawandiz and he gave some of them as a gift to his friends.<ref name=":2" />{{better source needed|date=June 2019}}
* In 1832, the Kurdish emir ] (Bedirxan Beg, the prince of Bohtan) with his troops committed a massacre of the Yazidis in Shekhan. The Kurds have killed almost the whole Yazidi population of Shekhan. Some Yazidis escaped to Sinjar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3RNEBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA52&dq=bedir+khan+beg+yezidis&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiR64D5wJbgAhVLZlAKHWdYCRMQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion|last=Acikyildiz|first=Birgul|date=2014-08-20|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=|isbn=9781784532161|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref> * In 1832, the Kurdish emir ] (Bedirxan Beg, the prince of Bohtan) with his troops committed a massacre of the Yazidis in Shekhan. The Kurds have killed almost the whole Yazidi population of Shekhan. Some Yazidis escaped to Sinjar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3RNEBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA52&dq=bedir+khan+beg+yezidis&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiR64D5wJbgAhVLZlAKHWdYCRMQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion|last=Acikyildiz|first=Birgul|date=2014-08-20|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=|isbn=9781784532161|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref>
* In 1832, a Yazidi leader was killed by the Kurdish emir Bedir Khan Beg in Shekhan area. Then the Kurds invaded the villages of the Yazidis and destroyed them. They have killed many Yazidis. By an attempt to escape, many Yazidis have going into the ] river. Those Yazidis who could not swim were kidnapped by the Kurds. Then the Kurds give them the option to convert to Islam or to be killed. About 50,000 Yazidis were killed or forced to Islam.<ref name=":0" />{{better source needed|date=June 2019}} * In 1832, a Yazidi leader was killed by the Kurdish emir Bedir Khan Beg in Shekhan area. Then the Kurds invaded the villages of the Yazidis and destroyed them. They have killed many Yazidis. By an attempt to escape, many Yazidis have going into the ] river. Those Yazidis who could not swim were kidnapped by the Kurds. Then the Kurds give them the option to convert to Islam or to be killed. About 50,000 Yazidis were killed or forced to Islam.<ref name=":0" />{{better source needed|date=June 2019}}
* In 1833, the Yazidis were attacked in the ] region again by the Kurdish emir Mohammed Pasha Rawanduz and his soldiers. The Kurds killed 500 Yazidis in the ]. After that, the Kurds attacked the Yazidis in Sinjar and killed many of them.<ref name=":0" />{{better source needed|date=June 2019}}<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WUQIAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA67&lpg=PA67&dq=1833+Yezidis+Rawanduz&source=bl&ots=dtEX_eCcNx&sig=ACfU3U0c9gx21HVp-E8zFz4a4j8RcD4Qxw&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjqy-T5rvbiAhXBalAKHacFC084ChDoATACegQICRAB#v=onepage&q=1833%20Yezidis%20Rawanduz&f=false|title=Ottoman-Iranian Borderlands: Making a Boundary, 1843-1914|last=Ateş|first=Sabri|date=2013-10-21|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=|isbn=9781107033658|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref> * In 1833, the Yazidis were attacked in the ] region again by the Kurdish emir Mohammed Pasha Rawanduz and his soldiers. The Kurds killed 500 Yazidis in the ]. After that, the Kurds attacked the Yazidis in Sinjar and killed many of them.<ref name=":0" />{{better source needed|date=June 2019}}<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WUQIAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA67&lpg=PA67&dq=1833+Yezidis+Rawanduz&source=bl&ots=dtEX_eCcNx&sig=ACfU3U0c9gx21HVp-E8zFz4a4j8RcD4Qxw&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjqy-T5rvbiAhXBalAKHacFC084ChDoATACegQICRAB#v=onepage&q=1833%20Yezidis%20Rawanduz&f=false|title=Ottoman-Iranian Borderlands: Making a Boundary, 1843-1914|last=Ateş|first=Sabri|date=2013-10-21|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=|isbn=9781107033658|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref>
* In 1840-1844, the Kurdish emir Bedir Khan Beg committed a repeated massacre of the Yazidis in the ] region.{{better source needed|date=June 2019}} At the Islamic sacrificial festival he slaughtered the Yazidis instead of a sheep.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ezidipress.com/PDF/TheBloodyShadowOfBedirkhanBeg.pdf|title=The bloody shadow of Bedirkhan Beg|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=June 2019}}
* In 1915-1923, Yazidis were killed alongside ] during the ] at the hands of the Kurds. More than 300,000 Yazidis were killed. Many Yazidis have also fled to ].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QAFeDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA266&dq=yezidis+alongside+armenians&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi_6artgOviAhXRZ1AKHZM2DR8Q6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society|last=Maisel|first=Sebastian|date=2018-06-30|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=|isbn=9781440842573|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_gMXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA145&dq=yezidis+armenian+genocide+kurds&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwioje-K_uriAhVBL1AKHXG0DhYQ6AEIMjAC#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Ethno-territorial conflict and coexistence in the caucasus, Central Asia and Fereydan: academisch proefschrift|last=Rezvani|first=Babak|date=2014-03-15|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|year=|isbn=9789048519286|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref> * In 1915-1923, Yazidis were killed alongside ] during the ] at the hands of the Kurds. More than 300,000 Yazidis were killed. Many Yazidis have also fled to ].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QAFeDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA266&dq=yezidis+alongside+armenians&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi_6artgOviAhXRZ1AKHZM2DR8Q6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society|last=Maisel|first=Sebastian|date=2018-06-30|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=|isbn=9781440842573|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_gMXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA145&dq=yezidis+armenian+genocide+kurds&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwioje-K_uriAhVBL1AKHXG0DhYQ6AEIMjAC#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Ethno-territorial conflict and coexistence in the caucasus, Central Asia and Fereydan: academisch proefschrift|last=Rezvani|first=Babak|date=2014-03-15|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|year=|isbn=9789048519286|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref>


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The persecution of Yazidis by Kurds describes the atrocities and massacres of the Yazidis committed by Kurds. Sometimes, during these massacres, the Kurds tried to force them to convert to Islam. Almost the whole Yazidi population were nearly wiped out by massacres carried out by Kurds.

The Geli Ali Beg Waterfall in Iraqi Kurdistan is named after the Yazidi leader Ali Beg who was killed there in 1832 by the Kurdish prince Mohammed Pasha Rawanduz.

History

Some massacres of the Yazidis committed by Kurds:

  • In 1414, the Kurds killed the Yazidis in the mountains of Hakkari. Then the Kurds destroyed the holy temple Lalish of the Yazidis and desecrated the tomb of Sheikh Adi. Later, the Yazidis rebuilt their temple and the tomb of Sheikh Adi.
  • In 1585, the Kurds attacked the Yazidis in the Sinjar Mountains. On the order of their Kurdish leader Ali Saidi Beg from Bohtan, they killed over 600 Yazidis in Sinjar. Many Yazidi women and girls were raped by them. After that, they also sold many Yazidi women and girls.
  • In 1832, the Kurdish emir Mohammed Pasha Rawanduz (Mire Kor, the blind prince) with his troops committed a massacre of the Yazidis in Khatarah. Then he has attacked the Yazidis in Shekhan and killed most of them. In another attempt he and his troops occupied over 300 Yazidi villages. The Kurds have kidnapped over 10,000 Yazidis to Rawandiz. Then they gived them the option to convert to Islam or to be killed. Most of them converted to Islam but 100 Yazidis were killed because they refused. After another massacre, the Kurdish emir Mohammed Pasha Rawanduz captured 500 Yazidi women and girls and kidnapped them to Rawandiz and he gave some of them as a gift to his friends.
  • In 1832, the Kurdish emir Bedir Khan Beg (Bedirxan Beg, the prince of Bohtan) with his troops committed a massacre of the Yazidis in Shekhan. The Kurds have killed almost the whole Yazidi population of Shekhan. Some Yazidis escaped to Sinjar.
  • In 1832, a Yazidi leader was killed by the Kurdish emir Bedir Khan Beg in Shekhan area. Then the Kurds invaded the villages of the Yazidis and destroyed them. They have killed many Yazidis. By an attempt to escape, many Yazidis have going into the Tigris river. Those Yazidis who could not swim were kidnapped by the Kurds. Then the Kurds give them the option to convert to Islam or to be killed. About 50,000 Yazidis were killed or forced to Islam.
  • In 1833, the Yazidis were attacked in the Aqrah region again by the Kurdish emir Mohammed Pasha Rawanduz and his soldiers. The Kurds killed 500 Yazidis in the upper Zab. After that, the Kurds attacked the Yazidis in Sinjar and killed many of them.
  • In 1915-1923, Yazidis were killed alongside Armenians during the Armenian genocide at the hands of the Kurds. More than 300,000 Yazidis were killed. Many Yazidis have also fled to Transcaucasia.

Modern times

See also

References

  1. King, Diane E. (2013-12-31). Kurdistan on the Global Stage: Kinship, Land, and Community in Iraq. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 9780813563541.
  2. Travis, Hannibal (2010). Genocide in the Middle East: The Ottoman Empire, Iraq, and Sudan. Carolina Academic Press. ISBN 9781594604362.
  3. Ghareeb, Edmund A.; Dougherty, Beth (2004-03-18). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810865686.
  4. "Explainer: Who are the Yazidis?". SBS News.
  5. Acikyildiz, Birgul (2014-08-20). The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781784532161.
  6. "Die Religionsgemeinschaft der Yezidi: Weh dem, der nicht ans Höllenfeuer glaubt - Qantara.de". Qantara.de - Dialog mit der islamischen Welt (in German). {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  7. "Yazīdīs". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  8. ^ "Les 74 campagnes génocidaires". ÊzîdîPress - French (in French). {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  9. ^ Abdulrahman Omer, Sarwar. "Yazidi Women as Odalisques" (PDF). p. 37. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  10. "Das Khatare-Massaker im März 1832". ÊzîdîPress (in German). {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  11. Jwaideh, Wadie (2006). The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 9780815630937.
  12. NEBEZ, Jemal (2017-08-14). Der kurdische Fürst MĪR MUHAMMAD AL-RAWĀNDIZĪ genannt MĪR-Ī KŌRA: Ein Beitrag zur kurdischen Geschichte (in German). epubli. ISBN 9783745011258.
  13. Acikyildiz, Birgul (2014-08-20). The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781784532161.
  14. Ateş, Sabri (2013-10-21). Ottoman-Iranian Borderlands: Making a Boundary, 1843-1914. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107033658.
  15. Maisel, Sebastian (2018-06-30). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781440842573.
  16. Rezvani, Babak (2014-03-15). Ethno-territorial conflict and coexistence in the caucasus, Central Asia and Fereydan: academisch proefschrift. Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 9789048519286.
  17. Documentation, Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and (2017-10-02). "Anfragebeantwortung zum Irak: Lage der JesidInnen, insbesondere in der Provinz Ninawa [a-10353]". www.ecoi.net (in German). Retrieved 2019-06-19.
  18. "The Shengal Yezidi Conundrum". The Kurdistan Tribune. 2016-12-15. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
  19. admintv (2018-12-06). "Yazidi HR-activist Imad Haji on Kurdish betrayal of the Yazidis and Assyrians". Assyria TV (in Swedish). Retrieved 2019-06-19.
  20. Shanks, Kelsey (2015-11-19). Education and Ethno-Politics: Defending Identity in Iraq. Routledge. ISBN 9781317520429.
  21. Avenue, Human Rights Watch | 350 Fifth; York, 34th Floor | New; t 1.212.290.4700, NY 10118-3299 USA | (2009-11-10). "On Vulnerable Ground | Violence against Minority Communities in Nineveh Province's Disputed Territories". Human Rights Watch. In one incident, Kurdish intelligence officers arrested two Yazidi activists, Khalil Rashu Alias and Wageed Mendo Hamoo, in May 2007. The two told Human Rights Watch that Kurdish authorities imprisoned the pair for almost six months and tortured them for resisting what they called the Kurdish colonization of their territory in Sinjar. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  22. Travis, Hannibal (2017-07-20). The Assyrian Genocide: Cultural and Political Legacies. Routledge. ISBN 9781351980258.
  23. "Auch die Kurden sind gegen die Jesiden". de.euronews.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  24. Phillips, David L. (2018-11-29). The Great Betrayal: How America Abandoned the Kurds and Lost the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781786735768.
  25. "The betrayal of Shingal". ÊzîdîPress - English. 2015-08-07. Retrieved 2019-06-19. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  26. "Waffen für die Falschen?". sueddeutsche.de (in German). 2014-08-29. ISSN 0174-4917. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
  27. Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "Jesiden: "Sie haben uns im Stich gelassen" | DW | 08.08.2015". DW.COM (in German). Retrieved 2019-06-19.
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