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Countries and territories	Bahrain Egypt Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Oman Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Sudan Syria UAE Yemen

The Mashriq (Template:Lang-ar, also Mashreq, Mashrek) is the eastern or, less commonly, north-eastern part of the Arab world. This comprises the modern states of Egypt, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, and Iraq. Poetically the "place of sunrise", the name is derived from the verb sharaqa (Template:Lang-ar "to shine, illuminate, radiate" and "to rise"), referring to the east, where the sun rises.

Geography

As the word Mashriq refers to countries bounded between the Mediterranean Sea and Iran, it is the companion term to Maghreb (Template:Lang-ar), the western part of North Africa. Libya may itself be seen as bifurcated between Mashriq and Maghreb influences, with its eastern part (Cyrenaica) seen as linked more to Egypt and the Mashriq.

These geographical terms date from the early Islamic expansion. This region is similar to the Bilad al-Sham and Mesopotamian regions combined. As of 2014, the Mashriq is home to 1.7% of the global population.

Cooperation

All of the countries located in the Arab Mashreq area are members of the Arab League (with the suspension of Syria), GAFTA, ICO and the United Nations. The region cooperates in several projects including the Arab Mashreq International Road Network and the Arab Mashreq International Railway. Several nations are also members in the GCC and others have tried unity before, such as United Arab Republic in the 60's and 70's.

See also

• Fertile Crescent
• Arabian Peninsula
• Nile Valley
• Cradle of civilization
• Greater Syria
• Levant
• Shaam
• Maghreb, "place of sunset", which contrasts Mashriq, "place of sunrise"

References

1. "About ANPGR". Arab Network of Plant Genetic Resources.
2. "Mashreq". Association of Agricultural Research Institutions in the Near East & North Africa.
3. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 19, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
4. "لماذا يستثنى الأردن من التقسيم؟ الوضع الداخلي هو العنصر الحاسم*فهد الخيطان" [Why is Jordan exempted from the division? The internal situation is a critical component * Fahd strings] (in Arabic). Rasseen. 2014-07-13.
5. bank, world. "Economic interrogation in the mashriq" (PDF). siteresources.
6. "Mashriq GEOGRAPHICAL REGION, MIDDLE EAST". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
7. "European Neighbourhood Policy in the Mashreq Countries: Enhancing Prospects for Reform". Centre for European Policy Studies. 2005-09-01.
8. Introduction to Migration and the Mashreq Archived February 3, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
9. "Migrants from the Maghreb and Mashreq Countries" (PDF). IOM International Organization for Migration. July 2002.
10. Alvarez, Lourdes María (2009). Abu Al-Ḥasan Al-Shushtarī. Paulist Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-8091-0582-3.
11. Peek, Philip M.; Yankah, Kwesi (2003-12-12). African Folklore: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 442. ISBN 978-1-135-94873-3.
12. Gall, Michel Le; Perkins, Kenneth (2010). The Maghrib in Question: Essays in History and Historiography. University of Texas Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-292-78838-1.
13. Clancy-Smith, Julia (2013-11-05). North Africa, Islam and the Mediterranean World. Routledge. p. 98. ISBN 978-1-135-31213-8.
14. Official estimate of the Population of Egypt Archived May 25, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
15. UN estimate for Lebanon
16. Official Jordanian population clock Archived January 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
17. "National Main Statistical Indicators". State of Palestine – Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics.
18. UN estimate for Syria
19. "Iraq". The World Bank.

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