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== History == == History ==
Some massacres of the Yazidis committed by Kurds: Some massacres of the Yazidis committed by Kurds:
* In 1414, the Kurds killed the Yazidis in the mountains of Hakkari.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3RNEBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45&dq=Sindi+Kurds&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjR4OfN8OniAhXD2aQKHQRdDDMQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion|last=Acikyildiz|first=Birgul|date=2014-08-20|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=|isbn=9781784532161|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref> Then the Kurds destroyed the holy temple ] of the Yazidis and desecrated the tomb of ]. Later, the Yazidis rebuilt their temple and the tomb of Sheikh Adi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://de.qantara.de/inhalt/die-religionsgemeinschaft-der-yezidi-weh-dem-der-nicht-ans-hoellenfeuer-glaubt|title=Die Religionsgemeinschaft der Yezidi: Weh dem, der nicht ans Höllenfeuer glaubt - Qantara.de|last=|first=|date=|website=Qantara.de - Dialog mit der islamischen Welt|language=de|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> * In 1414, the Kurds killed the Yazidis in the mountains of Hakkari.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3RNEBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45&dq=Sindi+Kurds&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjR4OfN8OniAhXD2aQKHQRdDDMQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion|last=Acikyildiz|first=Birgul|date=2014-08-20|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=|isbn=9781784532161|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref> Then the Kurds destroyed the holy temple ] of the Yazidis and desecrated the tomb of ]. Later, the Yazidis rebuilt their temple and the tomb of Sheikh Adi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://de.qantara.de/inhalt/die-religionsgemeinschaft-der-yezidi-weh-dem-der-nicht-ans-hoellenfeuer-glaubt|title=Die Religionsgemeinschaft der Yezidi: Weh dem, der nicht ans Höllenfeuer glaubt - Qantara.de|last=|first=|date=|website=Qantara.de - Dialog mit der islamischen Welt|language=de|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>{{better source needed}}
* In 1585, the Kurds attacked the Yazidis in the ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e1282|title=Yazīdīs|last=|first=|date=|website=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> On the order of their Kurdish leader Ali Saidi Beg from ], they killed over 600 Yazidis in ]. * In 1585, the Kurds attacked the Yazidis in the ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e1282|title=Yazīdīs|last=|first=|date=|website=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>{{better source needed}}
* In 1832, the Kurdish emir Mohammed Pasha Rawanduz (Mire Kor, the blind prince) with his troops committed a massacre of the Yazidis in ]. Subsequently, the Yazidis were in ] and most killed.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FCbspX-dGPYC&pg=PA63&dq=bedir+khan+beg+yazidis&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjMou_GxJbgAhWBY1AKHStVDd8Q6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development|last=Jwaideh|first=Wadie|date=2006|publisher=Syracuse University Press|year=|isbn=9780815630937|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref> In another attempt he and his troops occupied over 300 Yazidi villages. The Kurds have kidnapped over 10,000 Yazidis to ]. Then they gived them the option to convert to Islam or to be killed. Most of them converted to Islam but 100 Yazidis were killed because they refused.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hQIxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT254&dq=Ezidis&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjg5rCinfbiAhUCJFAKHWCOCl4Q6AEIRjAH#v=onepage&q=Ezidis&f=false|title=Der kurdische Fürst MĪR MUHAMMAD AL-RAWĀNDIZĪ genannt MĪR-Ī KŌRA: Ein Beitrag zur kurdischen Geschichte|last=NEBEZ|first=Jemal|date=2017-08-14|publisher=epubli|year=|isbn=9783745011258|location=|pages=|language=de}}</ref> * In 1832, the Kurdish emir Mohammed Pasha Rawanduz (Mire Kor, the blind prince) with his troops committed a massacre of the Yazidis in ]. Subsequently, the Yazidis were in ] and most killed.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FCbspX-dGPYC&pg=PA63&dq=bedir+khan+beg+yazidis&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjMou_GxJbgAhWBY1AKHStVDd8Q6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development|last=Jwaideh|first=Wadie|date=2006|publisher=Syracuse University Press|year=|isbn=9780815630937|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref> In another attempt he and his troops occupied over 300 Yazidi villages. The Kurds have kidnapped over 10,000 Yazidis to ]. Then they gived them the option to convert to Islam or to be killed. Most of them converted to Islam but 100 Yazidis were killed because they refused.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hQIxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT254&dq=Ezidis&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjg5rCinfbiAhUCJFAKHWCOCl4Q6AEIRjAH#v=onepage&q=Ezidis&f=false|title=Der kurdische Fürst MĪR MUHAMMAD AL-RAWĀNDIZĪ genannt MĪR-Ī KŌRA: Ein Beitrag zur kurdischen Geschichte|last=NEBEZ|first=Jemal|date=2017-08-14|publisher=epubli|year=|isbn=9783745011258|location=|pages=|language=de}}</ref>
* In 1832, the Kurdish emir ] (Bedirxan Beg, the prince of Bohtan) with his troops committed a massacre of the Yazidis in Shekhan. The Kurds have killed almost the whole Yazidi population of Shekhan. Some Yazidis escaped to Sinjar.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Barbara Henning |title=Narratives of the History of the Ottoman-Kurdish Bedirhani Family |date=2018 |isbn=3863095510 |page=99}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3RNEBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA52&dq=bedir+khan+beg+yezidis&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiR64D5wJbgAhVLZlAKHWdYCRMQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion|last=Acikyildiz|first=Birgul|date=2014-08-20|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=|isbn=9781784532161|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref> * In 1832, the Kurdish emir ] (Bedirxan Beg, the prince of Bohtan) with his troops committed a massacre of the Yazidis in Shekhan. The Kurds have killed almost the whole Yazidi population of Shekhan. Some Yazidis escaped to Sinjar.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Barbara Henning |title=Narratives of the History of the Ottoman-Kurdish Bedirhani Family |date=2018 |isbn=3863095510 |page=99}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3RNEBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA52&dq=bedir+khan+beg+yezidis&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiR64D5wJbgAhVLZlAKHWdYCRMQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion|last=Acikyildiz|first=Birgul|date=2014-08-20|publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=|isbn=9781784532161|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref>
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== Modern times == == Modern times ==
* Since 2003, when the Kurds occupied the settlements of the Yazidis in the ], the Yazidis were undergoing a process of ] by the ] (KRG).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecoi.net/de/dokument/1419199.html|title=Anfragebeantwortung zum Irak: Lage der JesidInnen, insbesondere in der Provinz Ninawa |last=Documentation|first=Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and|date=2017-10-02|website=www.ecoi.net|language=de|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kurdistantribune.com/the-shengal-yezidi-conundrum/|title=The Shengal Yezidi Conundrum|date=2016-12-15|website=The Kurdistan Tribune|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.assyriatv.org/yazidi-hr-activist-imad-haji-kurdish-betrayal-yazidis-assyrians/|title=Yazidi HR-activist Imad Haji on Kurdish betrayal of the Yazidis and Assyrians|last=admintv|date=2018-12-06|website=Assyria TV|language=sv-SE|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zI74CgAAQBAJ&pg=PT122&dq=yazidis+kurdification&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiRp8SHqPTiAhVllFwKHbn9DWcQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Education and Ethno-Politics: Defending Identity in Iraq|last=Shanks|first=Kelsey|date=2015-11-19|publisher=Routledge|year=|isbn=9781317520429|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref> According to a ] report the Kurdish authorities have used heavy-handed tactics against the Yazidis and some Yazidis were kidnapped and beaten by the KRG.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2009/11/10/vulnerable-ground/violence-against-minority-communities-nineveh-provinces-disputed|title=On Vulnerable Ground {{!}} Violence against Minority Communities in Nineveh Province’s Disputed Territories|last=Avenue|first=Human Rights Watch {{!}} 350 Fifth|last2=York|first2=34th Floor {{!}} New|date=2009-11-10|website=]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=|quote=In one incident, Kurdish intelligence officers arrested two Yazidi activists, Khalil Rashu Alias and Wageed Mendo Hamoo, in May 2007. The two told Human Rights Watch that Kurdish authorities imprisoned the pair for almost six months and tortured them for resisting what they called the Kurdish colonization of their territory in Sinjar.|last3=t 1.212.290.4700|first3=NY 10118-3299 USA {{!}}}}</ref> * Since 2003, when the Kurds occupied the settlements of the Yazidis in the ], the Yazidis were undergoing a process of ] by the ] (KRG).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecoi.net/de/dokument/1419199.html|title=Anfragebeantwortung zum Irak: Lage der JesidInnen, insbesondere in der Provinz Ninawa |last=Documentation|first=Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and|date=2017-10-02|website=www.ecoi.net|language=de|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kurdistantribune.com/the-shengal-yezidi-conundrum/|title=The Shengal Yezidi Conundrum|date=2016-12-15|website=The Kurdistan Tribune|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zI74CgAAQBAJ&pg=PT122&dq=yazidis+kurdification&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiRp8SHqPTiAhVllFwKHbn9DWcQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Education and Ethno-Politics: Defending Identity in Iraq|last=Shanks|first=Kelsey|date=2015-11-19|publisher=Routledge|year=|isbn=9781317520429|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref> According to a ] report the Kurdish authorities have used heavy-handed tactics against the Yazidis and some Yazidis were kidnapped and beaten by the KRG.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2009/11/10/vulnerable-ground/violence-against-minority-communities-nineveh-provinces-disputed|title=On Vulnerable Ground {{!}} Violence against Minority Communities in Nineveh Province’s Disputed Territories|last=Avenue|first=Human Rights Watch {{!}} 350 Fifth|last2=York|first2=34th Floor {{!}} New|date=2009-11-10|website=]|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=|quote=In one incident, Kurdish intelligence officers arrested two Yazidi activists, Khalil Rashu Alias and Wageed Mendo Hamoo, in May 2007. The two told Human Rights Watch that Kurdish authorities imprisoned the pair for almost six months and tortured them for resisting what they called the Kurdish colonization of their territory in Sinjar.|last3=t 1.212.290.4700|first3=NY 10118-3299 USA {{!}}}}</ref>
* On 3 August 2014 the ]. Many Kurds have joined ISIL and attacked the Yazidis.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MsItDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT304&dq=many+kurds+joined+isis&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj1uKzChOviAhVNPFAKHfAzDIUQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Assyrian Genocide: Cultural and Political Legacies|last=Travis|first=Hannibal|date=2017-07-20|publisher=Routledge|year=|isbn=9781351980258|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://de.euronews.com/2014/10/05/auch-die-kurden-sind-gegen-die-jesiden|title=Auch die Kurden sind gegen die Jesiden|last=|first=|date=|website=de.euronews.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref> And the genocide could only happen because the Kurdish ] had fled from ISIL and left the Yazidis defenseless.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WRKEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA83&dq=peshmerga+fled+sinjar&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwisjMC26qbhAhXPJ1AKHfYqDIMQ6AEIJTAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Great Betrayal: How America Abandoned the Kurds and Lost the Middle East|last=Phillips|first=David L.|date=2018-11-29|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|year=|isbn=9781786735768|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/meinung/jesiden-und-kurden-im-irak-waffen-fuer-die-falschen-1.2106836-2|title=Waffen für die Falschen?|date=2014-08-29|work=sueddeutsche.de|access-date=2019-06-19|language=de|issn=0174-4917}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.dw.com/de/jesiden-sie-haben-uns-im-stich-gelassen/a-18635538|title=Jesiden: "Sie haben uns im Stich gelassen" {{!}} DW {{!}} 08.08.2015|last=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|website=DW.COM|language=de-DE|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref> * On 3 August 2014 the ]. Many Kurds have joined ISIL and attacked the Yazidis.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MsItDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT304&dq=many+kurds+joined+isis&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj1uKzChOviAhVNPFAKHfAzDIUQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Assyrian Genocide: Cultural and Political Legacies|last=Travis|first=Hannibal|date=2017-07-20|publisher=Routledge|year=|isbn=9781351980258|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://de.euronews.com/2014/10/05/auch-die-kurden-sind-gegen-die-jesiden|title=Auch die Kurden sind gegen die Jesiden|last=|first=|date=|website=de.euronews.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref> And the genocide could only happen because the Kurdish ] had fled from ISIL and left the Yazidis defenseless.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WRKEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA83&dq=peshmerga+fled+sinjar&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwisjMC26qbhAhXPJ1AKHfYqDIMQ6AEIJTAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Great Betrayal: How America Abandoned the Kurds and Lost the Middle East|last=Phillips|first=David L.|date=2018-11-29|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|year=|isbn=9781786735768|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/meinung/jesiden-und-kurden-im-irak-waffen-fuer-die-falschen-1.2106836-2|title=Waffen für die Falschen?|date=2014-08-29|work=sueddeutsche.de|access-date=2019-06-19|language=de|issn=0174-4917}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.dw.com/de/jesiden-sie-haben-uns-im-stich-gelassen/a-18635538|title=Jesiden: "Sie haben uns im Stich gelassen" {{!}} DW {{!}} 08.08.2015|last=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|website=DW.COM|language=de-DE|access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref>


Revision as of 11:38, 12 July 2019

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The persecution of Yazidis by Kurds describes the atrocities and massacres of the Yazidis committed by Kurds. Sometimes, during these massacres, the Kurds tried to force them to convert to Islam. Almost the whole Yazidi population were nearly wiped out by massacres carried out by Kurds.

The Geli Ali Beg Waterfall in Iraqi Kurdistan is named after the Yazidi leader Ali Beg who was killed there in 1832 by the Kurdish prince Mohammed Pasha Rawanduz.

History

Some massacres of the Yazidis committed by Kurds:

  • In 1414, the Kurds killed the Yazidis in the mountains of Hakkari. Then the Kurds destroyed the holy temple Lalish of the Yazidis and desecrated the tomb of Sheikh Adi. Later, the Yazidis rebuilt their temple and the tomb of Sheikh Adi.
  • In 1585, the Kurds attacked the Yazidis in the Sinjar Mountains.
  • In 1832, the Kurdish emir Mohammed Pasha Rawanduz (Mire Kor, the blind prince) with his troops committed a massacre of the Yazidis in Khatarah. Subsequently, the Yazidis were in Shekhan and most killed. In another attempt he and his troops occupied over 300 Yazidi villages. The Kurds have kidnapped over 10,000 Yazidis to Rawandiz. Then they gived them the option to convert to Islam or to be killed. Most of them converted to Islam but 100 Yazidis were killed because they refused.
  • In 1832, the Kurdish emir Bedir Khan Beg (Bedirxan Beg, the prince of Bohtan) with his troops committed a massacre of the Yazidis in Shekhan. The Kurds have killed almost the whole Yazidi population of Shekhan. Some Yazidis escaped to Sinjar.
  • In 1833, the Yazidis were attacked in the Aqrah region again by the Kurdish emir Mohammed Pasha Rawanduz and his soldiers. The Kurds killed 500 Yazidis in the upper Zab. After that, the Kurds attacked the Yazidis in Sinjar and killed many of them.
  • In 1915-1923, Yazidis were killed alongside Armenians during the Armenian genocide at the hands of the Kurds. More than 300,000 Yazidis were killed. Many Yazidis have also fled to Transcaucasia.

Modern times

See also

References

  1. King, Diane E. (2013-12-31). Kurdistan on the Global Stage: Kinship, Land, and Community in Iraq. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 9780813563541.
  2. Travis, Hannibal (2010). Genocide in the Middle East: The Ottoman Empire, Iraq, and Sudan. Carolina Academic Press. ISBN 9781594604362.
  3. Ghareeb, Edmund A.; Dougherty, Beth (2004-03-18). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810865686.
  4. "Explainer: Who are the Yazidis?". SBS News.
  5. Acikyildiz, Birgul (2014-08-20). The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781784532161.
  6. "Die Religionsgemeinschaft der Yezidi: Weh dem, der nicht ans Höllenfeuer glaubt - Qantara.de". Qantara.de - Dialog mit der islamischen Welt (in German). {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  7. "Yazīdīs". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  8. Jwaideh, Wadie (2006). The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development. Syracuse University Press. ISBN 9780815630937.
  9. NEBEZ, Jemal (2017-08-14). Der kurdische Fürst MĪR MUHAMMAD AL-RAWĀNDIZĪ genannt MĪR-Ī KŌRA: Ein Beitrag zur kurdischen Geschichte (in German). epubli. ISBN 9783745011258.
  10. Barbara Henning (2018). Narratives of the History of the Ottoman-Kurdish Bedirhani Family. p. 99. ISBN 3863095510.
  11. Acikyildiz, Birgul (2014-08-20). The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781784532161.
  12. Ateş, Sabri (2013-10-21). Ottoman-Iranian Borderlands: Making a Boundary, 1843-1914. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107033658.
  13. Maisel, Sebastian (2018-06-30). The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781440842573.
  14. Rezvani, Babak (2014-03-15). Ethno-territorial conflict and coexistence in the caucasus, Central Asia and Fereydan: academisch proefschrift. Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 9789048519286.
  15. Documentation, Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and (2017-10-02). "Anfragebeantwortung zum Irak: Lage der JesidInnen, insbesondere in der Provinz Ninawa [a-10353]". www.ecoi.net (in German). Retrieved 2019-06-19.
  16. "The Shengal Yezidi Conundrum". The Kurdistan Tribune. 2016-12-15. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
  17. Shanks, Kelsey (2015-11-19). Education and Ethno-Politics: Defending Identity in Iraq. Routledge. ISBN 9781317520429.
  18. Avenue, Human Rights Watch | 350 Fifth; York, 34th Floor | New; t 1.212.290.4700, NY 10118-3299 USA | (2009-11-10). "On Vulnerable Ground | Violence against Minority Communities in Nineveh Province's Disputed Territories". Human Rights Watch. In one incident, Kurdish intelligence officers arrested two Yazidi activists, Khalil Rashu Alias and Wageed Mendo Hamoo, in May 2007. The two told Human Rights Watch that Kurdish authorities imprisoned the pair for almost six months and tortured them for resisting what they called the Kurdish colonization of their territory in Sinjar. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  19. Travis, Hannibal (2017-07-20). The Assyrian Genocide: Cultural and Political Legacies. Routledge. ISBN 9781351980258.
  20. "Auch die Kurden sind gegen die Jesiden". de.euronews.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  21. Phillips, David L. (2018-11-29). The Great Betrayal: How America Abandoned the Kurds and Lost the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781786735768.
  22. "Waffen für die Falschen?". sueddeutsche.de (in German). 2014-08-29. ISSN 0174-4917. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
  23. Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "Jesiden: "Sie haben uns im Stich gelassen" | DW | 08.08.2015". DW.COM (in German). Retrieved 2019-06-19.
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