| Revision as of 20:12, 16 August 2019 editAkocsg (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Rollbackers4,055 edits If the articles Ayran and doogh have to be merged, then Ayran is the correct one. Just compare the Google hits of both names for instance. And where exactly as the consensus for the merger under Doogh?Tag: Removed redirect← Previous edit | Revision as of 20:44, 16 August 2019 edit undoLithopsian (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, New page reviewers68,623 edits Undid revision 911143846 by Akocsg (talk) needs discussion, not an edit warTags: New redirect UndoNext edit → | ||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| ⚫ | #redirect ] | ||
| {{Infobox prepared food | |||
| | name = Ayran | |||
| | image = Fresh ayran.jpg | |||
| | caption = A mug of traditional Turkish Ayran in ], ] | |||
| | alternate_name = Doogh, Tan, Daweh, ماستاو or Yogurt Milk | |||
| | country = Turkey | |||
| | region = Central Asia, Middle East, Southeastern Europe | |||
| | creator = Turkic peoples | |||
| | course = Beverage | |||
| | type = Dairy product | |||
| | served = Cold | |||
| | main_ingredient = ], ], ] | |||
| | variations = | |||
| | calories = | |||
| | other = | |||
| }} | |||
| ], ]]] | |||
| '''Ayran''' (from {{lang-tr|ayran}}, {{lang-az|ayran}}, {{lang-fa|دوغ}} "''doogh''")<ref name="etymology">{{cite web|url=https://www.etimolojiturkce.com/kelime/ayran|title=Ayran kelime kökeni|website=etimolojiturkce.com|accessdate=20 April 2018|language=Turkish}}</ref> is a cold savory ]-based beverage that is mixed with salt.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xKAu9IYnK2wC&pg=PA124 | title=Fermented Milks | publisher=John Wiley & Sons | author=A. Y. Tamime (ed.) | year=2008 | pages=124 | isbn=9781405172387}}</ref><ref name=functionaldairy>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zMCDLlcRaQkC&pg=PA10 | title=Development and Manufacture of Yogurt and Other Functional Dairy Products | publisher=CRC Press | author=Yildiz Fatih | year=2010 | page=10| isbn=9781420082081}}</ref> It is popular in ],<ref name=gastro>{{cite journal | last =Halici | first = Nevin | authorlink = | title = Turkish Delights | journal = Gastronomica: The Journal of Critical Food Studies | volume =1 | issue = 1| pages = 92–93| publisher = University of California Press | location = | date = 27 April 2013 | language = | url = | jstor = | issn = | doi = | id = | mr = | zbl = | jfm = | accessdate = }}</ref> ], ], ], ], ], ], ],<ref name=functionaldairy /> ],<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NPkH-7BCB6AC&pg=PA25 | title=Allah's Mountains: The Battle for Chechnya | publisher=Tauris Parke Paperbacks | author=Smih, Sebastian | year=2006 | pages=25 | isbn=9781850439790}}</ref> ],<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fQ8vWih-rqwC&pg=PA58 | title=Bulgaria (Other Places Travel Guide) | publisher=Other Places Publishing | author=Leslie Strnadel, Patrick Erdley | year=2012 | pages=58| isbn=9780982261996}}</ref> ]<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p6aXloa1QsEC&pg=PA92 | title=The Kirghiz and Wakhi of Afghanistan | publisher=University of Washington Press | author=Nazif Shahrani, M. | year=2013 | location=9780295803784 | pages=92–93}}</ref> and the ], particularly ] and ].<ref>{{cite book | title=Fermented Milks | publisher=John Wiley & Sons | author=A. Y. Tamime (ed.) | year=2008 | pages=96| isbn=9781405172387}}</ref> Yogurt drinks are popular beyond the Middle East region—ayran has been likened by some to '']'' from the ].<ref>Heyhoe, Kate. ''The ABC's of Larousse Gastronomique'' : {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020123013733/http://www.globalgourmet.com/food/kgk/2002/0102/kgk011102.html |date=2002-01-23 }}</ref> | |||
| ==Preparation== | |||
| Ayran is served chilled and often as an accompaniment to grilled meat or rice,<ref name=culturesite>{{cite web | url=http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN,35365/turkish-buttermilk.html | title=Turkish Buttermilk | publisher=Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Turkey | work=www.kultur.gov.tr | accessdate=5 October 2013}}</ref> especially during summer.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://balkon3.com/en/ayran-turkish-national-beverage/ | title=Ayran – Turkish national beverage | work=balkon3.com | accessdate=5 October 2013 | author=Gina Husamettin}}</ref> It is made by mixing yogurt with chilled or iced water<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Davis | first1 = P. H. | year = 1956 | title = Lake Van and Turkish Kurdistan: A Botanical Journey | url = | journal = The Geographical Journal | volume = 122 | issue = 2| pages = 156–165 | doi = 10.2307/1790844 }}</ref> and is sometimes ] and seasoned with mint.<ref name=un>{{Cite conference | author = Islamic Republic of Iran| title = Project Document for a Regional Standard for Doogh (CX/NEA 09/5/8)| publisher = United Nations. Joint FAO/WHO food standards programme of the FAO/WHO coordinating committee for the Near East| date = 26–29 January 2009| location = Tunis, Tunisia| url = ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/Meetings/CCNEA/ccnea5/ne05_08e.pdf| accessdate = 26 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xKAu9IYnK2wC&pg=PA124 | title=Fermented Milks | publisher=John Wiley & Sons | author=A. Y. Tamime (ed.) | year=2008 | pages=124 | isbn=9781405172387}}</ref><ref name=functionaldiary>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zMCDLlcRaQkC&lpg=PA10&pg=PA10#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=Development and Manufacture of Yogurt and Other Functional Dairy Products | publisher=CRC Press | author=Yildiz Fatih | year=2010 | pages=10| isbn=9781420082081}}</ref> Ayran has been variously described as "diluted yogurt"<ref name="gastro"/> and "a most refreshing drink made by mixing yogurt with iced water".<ref>Lake Van and Turkish Kurdistan: A Botanical Journey | |||
| P. H. Davis | |||
| The Geographical Journal, Vol. 122, No. 2 (Jun., 1956), pp. 156-165 | |||
| Published by: The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) | |||
| Article {{doi|10.2307/1790844}}</ref> | |||
| ==History== | |||
| According to Shirin Simmons, ''doogh'' has long been a popular drink and was consumed in ancient Persia (modern-day Iran).<ref>{{Cite book| last = Simmons| first = Shirin| title = Treasury of Persian Cuisine| publisher = Stamford House Publishing| year = 2007| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=87KOW40HThAC&lpg=PT252&dq=doogh&pg=PT252#v=onepage&q&f=false| isbn = 1-904985-56-4}}</ref> Described by an 1886 source as a cold drink of curdled milk and water seasoned with mint,<ref>{{Cite book| last = Grosart| first = Alexander| title = "Soor-doock" and "doogh"| publisher = | series = The Academy and literature| volume = 30| number = 742| date = 17 July 1886| location = Blackburn| pages = 59| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xXZRAAAAYAAJ&dq=doogh&pg=PA59#v=onepage&q&f=false }}</ref> its name derives from the ] word for ], ''dooshidan''.<ref name=un>{{Cite conference | author = Islamic Republic of Iran| title = Project Document for a Regional Standard for Doogh (CX/NEA 09/5/8)| publisher = United Nations. Joint FAO/WHO food standards programme of the FAO/WHO coordinating committee for the Near East| date = 26–29 January 2009| location = Tunis, Tunisia| url = ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/Meetings/CCNEA/ccnea5/ne05_08e.pdf| accessdate = 26 June 2011}}</ref> | |||
| According to Nevin Halıcı, ''ayran'' is a traditional ] drink and was consumed by nomadic Turks prior to 1000 CE.<ref name=gastro/> According to Celalettin Koçak and Yahya Kemal Avşar (Professor of Food Engineering at ]), ayran was first developed thousands of years ago by the ], who would dilute bitter yogurt with water in an attempt to improve its flavor.<ref>Kocak, C., Avsar, Y.K., 2009. Ayran: Microbiology and Technology. In: Yildiz, F. (Ed.), Development and Manufacture of Yogurt and Functional Dairy Products. CRC Press, Boca Raton, U.S., pp. 123–141</ref> | |||
| The word ''ayran'' is ultimately of ] origin.<ref name="etymology" /><ref name=etim /> | |||
| A ] 1000 CE Turkic dictionary, ], defines ayran as a "drink made out of milk."<ref name=etim>{{cite web | url= http://etimolojiturkce.com/kelime/ayran| title=Ayran | publisher=Telif Hakları | work=Etimoloji Türkçe | language= Turkish | accessdate=31 August 2014}}</ref> | |||
| ==Turkish national drink status== | |||
| ], a conservative Turkish politician who has held the posts of ] and ], has promoted ayran as a ].<ref name=erdogan>{{cite journal|last= |first= |authorlink= |title=PM says Turkey’s national drink is ayran, not beer |journal=] |volume= |issue= |pages= |publisher= |location= |date=27 April 2013 |language= |url=http://www.todayszaman.com/national_pm-says-turkeys-national-drink-is-ayran-not-beer_313824.html |jstor= |issn= |doi= |id= |mr= |zbl= |jfm= |accessdate= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117031432/http://www.todayszaman.com/national_pm-says-turkeys-national-drink-is-ayran-not-beer_313824.html |archivedate=2015-11-17 |df= }}</ref> Speaking at a 2013 ] Global Alcohol Policy Conference held in ], Erdoğan contrasted ayran with ], which he claimed was a recent introduction to Turkey. | |||
| In 2015, Turkey's ], imposed a 220,000 ] fine (approximately $70,000) on state-owned Çaykur manufacturers for "degrading ayran" in one of their advertisement for iced tea, in which the protagonist ] that ayran makes him sleepy<ref name=fine/> and halted advertisements of Çaykur's competing ice-tea product.<ref name=fine>{{cite journal | last = Çelikkan | first = Erdinç | authorlink = | |||
| | title = State-owned tea firm fined 220,000 liras for ‘insulting ayran’ in ads| journal = ] | volume = | issue = | pages = | publisher = | location = | date = 9 November 2015 | |||
| | language = | url = http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/state-owned-tea-firm-fined-220000-liras-for-insulting-ayran-in-ads.aspx?pageID=238&nID=90905&NewsCatID=341| issn = | doi = | id = | mr = | zbl = | jfm = | accessdate = }}</ref> | |||
| ==Variations== | |||
| <!-- Deleted image removed: ] made of yogurt and water]] --> | |||
| ] (and sometimes ]) is added. Dried ] or ] can be mixed in as well, as well as lime juice. One variation includes diced cucumbers to provide a crunchy texture to the beverage. Some varieties of ''doogh'' have carbonation. | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| {{portal|Drink}} | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| *], Japanese yogurt-based soft drink | |||
| *], fermented camel's-milk | |||
| *], yogurt-based drink made with yogurt, salt and water, and occasional mint and coriander leaves | |||
| *], beverage consisting of fermented milk, salt, and carbonated water | |||
| *], a yogurt drink from Sweden | |||
| *], fermented milk drink made with yeast grains | |||
| *], Turkic fermented mare's milk drink<ref name=gastro/> | |||
| *], yogurt-based drink from the Indian Subcontinent | |||
| *], Turkic fermented-milk beverage | |||
| *], Nordic fermented-milk beverage | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| {{Yogurts}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 20:44, 16 August 2019
Redirect to: