| Revision as of 14:41, 13 August 2018 editJosephus37 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users8,809 edits →Species in taxonomic order← Previous edit | Revision as of 16:38, 27 September 2019 edit undoInnotata (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, File movers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers43,065 editsm c/e and show referencesNext edit → | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
| These birds nest in colonies on islands and are ] when not breeding. One white egg is laid usually in a ] or on open ground. They are nocturnal at the breeding colonies. | These birds nest in colonies on islands and are ] when not breeding. One white egg is laid usually in a ] or on open ground. They are nocturnal at the breeding colonies. | ||
| While generally wide-ranging, most ''Pterodroma'' species are confined to a single ocean basin (e.g. Atlantic), and vagrancy is not as common amongst |
While generally wide-ranging, most ''Pterodroma'' species are confined to a single ocean basin (e.g. Atlantic), and vagrancy is not as common amongst the genus as in some other seabird species (c.f. the storm petrels ]). | ||
| ==Species in taxonomic order== | ==Species in taxonomic order== | ||
| The ] of the gadfly petrels is being refined at the moment. Several genera have been split off over time, as they are closer to the ] and '']'' shearwaters. Some subspecies have been raised to full species rank. The arrangement given here is traditional, but annotates the changes proposed by Austin (1998)<ref name=Austin/> and Bretagnolle |
The ] of the gadfly petrels is being refined at the moment. Several genera have been split off over time, as they are closer to the ] and '']'' shearwaters. Some subspecies have been raised to full species rank. The arrangement given here is traditional, but annotates the changes proposed by Austin (1998)<ref name=Austin/> and Bretagnolle et al. (1998).<ref name=Bretagnolle/> For the current taxonomy, see also Brooke (2004).<ref name=Brooke/> | ||
| * Genus ''Pterodroma'' | * Genus ''Pterodroma'' | ||
| ** ''Pterodroma baraui'', ] (Indian Ocean basin species) | ** ''Pterodroma baraui'', ] (Indian Ocean basin species) | ||
| ** ''Pterodroma arminjoniana'', ] (Atlantic Ocean basin species with eccentric breeding locality in the Indian Ocean-Round Island, Mauritius) | ** ''Pterodroma arminjoniana'', ] (Atlantic Ocean basin species with eccentric breeding locality in the Indian Ocean-Round Island, Mauritius) | ||
| ** ''Pterodroma heraldica'', ] (Pacific Ocean basin species)– recognized by the ] and Clements.<ref>. worldbirdnames.org</ref> However, the ] has not recognized the split yet.<br /> Split from ''Pterodroma arminjoniana'' | ** ''Pterodroma heraldica'', ] (Pacific Ocean basin species) – recognized by the ] and Clements.<ref>. worldbirdnames.org</ref> However, the ] has not recognized the split yet.<br /> Split from ''Pterodroma arminjoniana'' | ||
| ** ''Pterodroma externa'', ] (Pacific Ocean basin species) | ** ''Pterodroma externa'', ] (Pacific Ocean basin species) | ||
| ** ''Pterodroma neglecta'', ] (Pacific Ocean basin species with eccentric breeding locality in the Indian Ocean |
** ''Pterodroma neglecta'', ] (Pacific Ocean basin species with eccentric breeding locality in the Indian Ocean: Round Island, Mauritius) | ||
| ** ''Pterodroma phaeopygia'', ] (Pacific Ocean basin species) | ** ''Pterodroma phaeopygia'', ] (Pacific Ocean basin species) | ||
| ** ''Pterodroma sandwichensis'', ] (Pacific Ocean basin species) | ** ''Pterodroma sandwichensis'', ] (Pacific Ocean basin species) | ||
| Line 38: | Line 38: | ||
| ** ''Pterodroma desertae'', ] (disputed) (Atlantic Ocean basin species) | ** ''Pterodroma desertae'', ] (disputed) (Atlantic Ocean basin species) | ||
| ** ''Pterodroma madeira'', ] or Madeira petrel (Atlantic Ocean basin species) | ** ''Pterodroma madeira'', ] or Madeira petrel (Atlantic Ocean basin species) | ||
| ** ''Pterodroma'' sp., ], (]) – possibly extirpated population of extant species< |
** ''Pterodroma'' sp., ], (]) – possibly extirpated population of extant species<ref>Ardeola 49:39</ref> | ||
| ** ''Pterodroma mollis'', ] (Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and margins of Western Pacific Ocean) | ** ''Pterodroma mollis'', ] (Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and margins of Western Pacific Ocean) | ||
| ** ''Pterodroma cahow'', ] (Atlantic Ocean basin species) | ** ''Pterodroma cahow'', ] (Atlantic Ocean basin species) | ||
| Line 54: | Line 54: | ||
| ** ''Pterodroma occulta'', ] or Falla's petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species) | ** ''Pterodroma occulta'', ] or Falla's petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species) | ||
| *** Split from ''Pterodroma cervicalis'' | *** Split from ''Pterodroma cervicalis'' | ||
| ** ''Pterodroma imberi'', ], (extinct)< |
** ''Pterodroma imberi'', ], (extinct)<ref>Notornis 41(S):165</ref><ref>Bull BOC 135(3): 267–277</ref> | ||
| ** ''Pterodroma'' sp., ], (])< |
** ''Pterodroma'' sp., ], (])<ref>AtollRes.Bull.325</ref> | ||
| ** ''Pterodroma jugabilis'', ], (]) | ** ''Pterodroma jugabilis'', ], (]) | ||
| *Subgenus ''Cookilaria''<ref name=Onley/> | *Subgenus ''Cookilaria''<ref name=Onley/> | ||
Revision as of 16:38, 27 September 2019
| Gadfly petrels | |
|---|---|
| |
| Black-capped petrel (Pterodroma hasitata) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Procellariiformes |
| Family: | Procellariidae |
| Genus: | Pterodroma Bonaparte, 1856 |
| Species | |
|
About 35, see text | |
| Diversity | |
| 1 genus and 33 species | |
The gadfly petrels or Pterodroma are a genus of about 35 species of petrels, part of the seabird order Procellariiformes. The gadfly petrels are named for their speedy weaving flight, as if evading gadflies (horseflies). The flight action is also reflected in the name Pterodroma, from Ancient Greek pteron, "wing" and dromos, "runner".
The short, sturdy bills of these medium to large petrels are adapted for soft prey that they pick from the ocean surface. They have twisted intestines for digesting marine animals that have unusual biochemistries.
Their complex wing and face marking are probably for interspecific recognition.
These birds nest in colonies on islands and are pelagic when not breeding. One white egg is laid usually in a burrow or on open ground. They are nocturnal at the breeding colonies.
While generally wide-ranging, most Pterodroma species are confined to a single ocean basin (e.g. Atlantic), and vagrancy is not as common amongst the genus as in some other seabird species (c.f. the storm petrels Hydrobatidae).
Species in taxonomic order
The taxonomy of the gadfly petrels is being refined at the moment. Several genera have been split off over time, as they are closer to the procellarine and Puffinus shearwaters. Some subspecies have been raised to full species rank. The arrangement given here is traditional, but annotates the changes proposed by Austin (1998) and Bretagnolle et al. (1998). For the current taxonomy, see also Brooke (2004).
- Genus Pterodroma
- Pterodroma baraui, Barau's petrel (Indian Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma arminjoniana, Trindade petrel (Atlantic Ocean basin species with eccentric breeding locality in the Indian Ocean-Round Island, Mauritius)
- Pterodroma heraldica, herald petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species) – recognized by the IOC and Clements. However, the SACC has not recognized the split yet.
Split from Pterodroma arminjoniana - Pterodroma externa, Juan Fernández petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma neglecta, Kermadec petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species with eccentric breeding locality in the Indian Ocean: Round Island, Mauritius)
- Pterodroma phaeopygia, Galapagos petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma sandwichensis, Hawaiian petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma atrata, Henderson petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma alba, Phoenix petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma feae, Fea's petrel (Atlantic Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma desertae, Desertas petrel (disputed) (Atlantic Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma madeira, Zino's petrel or Madeira petrel (Atlantic Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma sp., Canary Islands petrel, (prehistoric) – possibly extirpated population of extant species
- Pterodroma mollis, soft-plumaged petrel (Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and margins of Western Pacific Ocean)
- Pterodroma cahow, Bermuda petrel (Atlantic Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma hasitata, black-capped petrel (Atlantic Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma caribbaea, Jamaica petrel, (possibly extinct) (Atlantic Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma incerta, Atlantic petrel (Atlantic Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma lessonii, white-headed petrel (circumpolar in the Southern Ocean)
- Pterodroma magentae, Magenta petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species, but poorly known)
- Pterodroma macroptera, great-winged petrel (Indian and Atlantic basin species)
- Pterodroma gouldi, grey-faced petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma solandri, providence petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma ultima, Murphy's petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma cf. leucoptera, Mangareva petrel, (possibly extinct)
- Pterodroma cervicalis, white-necked petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma occulta, Vanuatu petrel or Falla's petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species)
- Split from Pterodroma cervicalis
- Pterodroma imberi, Imber's petrel, (extinct)
- Pterodroma sp., Henderson Island petrel, (prehistoric)
- Pterodroma jugabilis, O'ahu petrel, (prehistoric)
- Subgenus Cookilaria
- Pterodroma cookii, Cook's petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma pycrofti, Pycroft's petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma defilippiana, De Filippi's petrel or Masatierra petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma longirostris, Stejneger's petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma nigripennis, black-winged petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species with eccentric breeding locality in the Indian Ocean-Round Island, Mauritius)
- Pterodroma axillaris, Chatham petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma hypoleuca, Bonin petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma inexpectata, mottled petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma leucoptera, Gould's petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma brevipes, collared petrel (Pacific Ocean basin species)
- Pterodroma brevipes magnificens, may be a full species magnificent petrel Pterodroma magnificens
A Pleistocene fossil from Aldabra in the Indian Ocean was described as Pterodroma kurodai. Biogeographically, it could belong to any genus.
See also
References
- Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 322. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- Austin, Jeremy J. (1996). "Molecular Phylogenetics of Puffinus Shearwaters: Preliminary Evidence from Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene Sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 6 (1): 77–88. doi:10.1006/mpev.1996.0060. PMID 8812308.
- Bretagnolle, Vincent; Pasquet, Eric; Bretagnolle, V.; Attié, C.; Pasquet, E. (1998). "Cytochrome-B evidence for validity and phylogenetic relationships of Pseudobulweria and Bulweria (Procellariidae)" (PDF). Auk. 115 (1): 188–195. doi:10.2307/4089123.
- Brooke, M. (2004): Albatrosses and Petrels Across the World. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-850125-0
- Proposed Splits (PS) and Newly Described Species (NEW) that are candidates for addition to the IOC World List. worldbirdnames.org
- Ardeola 49:39
- Notornis 41(S):165
- Bull BOC 135(3): 267–277
- AtollRes.Bull.325
- Onley, Derek and Paul Scofield (2007) Albatrosses, Petrels and Shearwaters of the World Helm Field Guides ISBN 978-0-7136-4332-9
- Bretagnolle, Vincent; Shirihai, Hadoram. "A new taxon of Collared Petrel Pterodroma brevipes from the Banks Islands, Vanuatu" (PDF). Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 130 (4): 286.