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Social Liberal Party Partido Social Liberal
File:Logomarca PSL.png
Abbreviation	PSL
President	Luciano Bivar
Founded	30 October 1994; 30 years ago (1994-10-30)
Headquarters	SHN, Quadra 02, Bloco F, Ed. Executive Office Tower, Sala 1.122 – Brasília, DF
Membership (July 2019)	271,320
Ideology	Conservatism Brazilian nationalism Social conservatism Economic liberalism Right-wing populism National conservatism Militarism Anti-communism Minority: Monarchism
Political position	far-right
Colours	Blue   Yellow   Green
TSE Identification Number	17
Seats in the Chamber of Deputies	53 / 513
Seats in the Senate	3 / 81
Governors	3 / 27
State deputies	76 / 1,035
City councillors (2016)	878 / 57,720
Party flag
Website
psl.org.br
Politics of Brazil Political parties Elections

The Social Liberal Party (Template:Lang-pt, PSL) is a conservative political party in Brazil. Founded in 1994 as a social liberal party, the PSL was registered on the Superior Electoral Court in 1998.

In January 2018, former Social Christian politician Jair Bolsonaro joined the party and later converted it into an economically liberal, nationalist, radically anti-communist and social conservative party. The original name remained after the ideological shift, and after Livres (the party's original main wing) left the party and formed their own political movement to continue the party's original goals. Bolsonaro became the party's nominee for the 2018 presidential election and won in both rounds.

History

PSL was originally founded on 30 October 1994 by businessman Luciano Bivar as a social liberal party. It was registered on the Superior Electoral Court on 2 June 1998.

In the 2002 legislative elections, PSL won 1 out of 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and no seats in the Federal Senate. In the 2006 legislative elections, the party won no seats in the Chamber of Deputies or the Federal Senate. In the 2010 legislative elections, PSL won 1 seat in the Chamber of Deputies and no seats in the Federal Senate, maintaining the same results in the 2014 legislative elections.

In 2015, PSL underwent a reform led by the internal social liberal wing Livres, with names such as political scientist Fábio Ostermann [pt] and journalist Leandro Narloch reinforcing the party's affiliation with social liberal policies. PSL also supported the impeachment of former president Dilma Rousseff.

On 5 January 2018, conservative and former Social Christian politician Jair Bolsonaro became a member of the party, which prompted the Livres wing to leave the party in protest of Bolsonaro's social conservative views. After the exit of Livres, the party followed a national conservative path, changed its colors from purple to the more nationalist blue, yellow and green (the colors of Brazil’s flag) and since then has discussed a name change either to Republicans (Republicanos) or Mobilize (Mobiliza). On 5 March 2018, Bivar stepped down from party’s presidency and Gustavo Bebianno was appointed as acting president.

Bolsonaro eventually became PSL’s nominee for the 2018 presidential election, exceeding polling forecasts to receive 46% of the popular vote in the first round. Bolsonaro's coattails helped elect 52 deputies and 4 senators from PSL, which made it the second largest political party in the post-2018 Chamber of Deputies. It also became the largest single party in the legislative assemblies of both Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. On 28 October 2018, Bolsonaro was elected President with 55.13% of the votes, defeating Workers' Party's Fernando Haddad. He took office on 1 January 2019.

On 29 October 2018, Bivar was re-appointed as party’s president. On 12 November 2019, Bolsonaro announced his departure from the party following disagreements with the national executive.

Organization

Ideology and policies

Since Bolsonaro's entrance in the party, PSL has changed much of its ideologies, abandoning its former socially liberal policies and keeping its economic liberal policies, supporting privatisation and decentralisation while at the same time adopting socially conservative policies regarding abortion, legalization of marijuana and teaching of gender identity in schools.

Electoral history

Presidential elections

Election	Party candidate	Votes	%	Votes	%	Result
		First round		Second round
2006	Luciano Bivar	62.064	0.06%	-	-	Lost N
2014	None (it endorsed Marina Silva)	22,176,619	21.32%	-	-	Lost N
2018	Jair Bolsonaro	49,276,990	46.0%	57,797,801	55.13%	Elected Y

Chamber of Deputies and Senate elections

Election	Chamber of Deputies				Federal Senate				Government
	Votes	%	Seats	+/–	Votes	%	Seats	+/–
2002	408,512	0.5%	1 / 513	1	N/A	0%	0 / 81		Junior party in government coalition
2006	190,793	0.2%	0 / 513	1	46,542	0.0%	0 / 81		Extraparliamentary opposition
2010	499,963	0.5%	1 / 513	1	446,517	0.3%	0 / 81		In opposition
2014	808,710	0.83%	1 / 513		N/A	0%	0 / 81		In opposition
2018	11,457,878	11.7%	52 / 513	51	19,413,869	11.3%	4 / 81	4	Government

See also

• Jair Bolsonaro
• Patriota
• Evangelical Christian politics in Latin America

References

1. "Estatísticas do eleitorado – Eleitores filiados" (in Portuguese). Superior Electoral Court. July 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
2. "Brazil elections: Bolsonaro and Haddad choices before voters". BBC. 28 October 2018.
3. ^ "Em que acreditamos" (in Portuguese). Social Liberal Party. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
4. Scuch, Matheus (5 January 2018). "Bolsonaro decide concorrer à Presidência pelo PSL" (in Portuguese). GaúchaZH. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
5. Fucs, José (5 January 2018). "Com chegada de Bolsonaro, Livres anuncia saída do PSL". O Estado de São Paulo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 6 November 2018..
6. Pearson, Samantha; Magalhaes, Luciana (28 October 2018). "Far-right populist Jair Bolsonaro wins divisive Brazil presidential election". MarketWatch. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
7. "Jair Bolsonaro seeks top judge to become Brazil justice minister". BBC News. 30 October 2018. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
8. Venaglia, Guilherme (5 August 2018). "Com discurso militarista, PSL de Bolsonaro lança Major Olímpio ao Senado" (in Portuguese). MSN. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
9. "Príncipe da família imperial brasileira será candidato a deputado federal". Gazeta do Povo (in Portuguese). 2 March 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
10. Holderf Nascimento, Raul (7 May 2018). "Monarquistas se aproximam de Bolsonaro e reforçam base de apoio do presidenciável" (in Portuguese). Conexão Política. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
11. Amendola, Gilberto; Venceslau, Pedro (5 May 2018). "O séquito de Bolsonaro já tem um príncipe". O Estado de São Paulo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 13 October 2018.
12. • Blunck, Julia (17 October 2018). "Why Brazil's far-right challenger Jair Bolsonaro has already won". New Statesman. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
    • Phillips, Tom; Phillips, Dom (7 October 2018). "Far-right populist Jair Bolsonaro leads as Brazil goes to vote". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
    • "Brazil far-right politician enters presidential race". BBC News. 23 July 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
    • Londoño, Ernesto; Darlington, Shasta (17 October 2018). "Jair Bolsonaro Wins Brazil's Presidency, in a Shift to the Far Right". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
    • Federowski, Bruno; Marcello, Maria Carolina (8 October 2018). "Bolsonaro transforms tiny Brazil party into congressional powerhouse". Reuters. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
    • Cuadros, Alex (8 October 2018). "Brazil Turns Its Back on Democracy". The Atlantic. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
    • Frederowski, Bruno; Mandl, Carolina (8 October 2018). "Brazil's far-right Bolsonaro: No coalition politics in cabinet picks". Reuters. Reuters. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
    • Mortari, Marcos (9 March 2018). "Com Bolsonaro, extrema-direita embarca forte (e para vencer) nesta eleição, diz analista" (in Portuguese). InfoMoney. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
    • Miro, Jordi; Genot, Louis (8 October 2018). "Bolsonaro 'tsunami' swells far-right party in Brazil congress". Yahoo! News. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
    • Benites, Afonso (6 August 2018). "Mourão, o controverso general que sela a chapa puramente militar de Bolsonaro". El Pais (in Portuguese). Retrieved 13 October 2018.
    • "Brazil's right-wing presidential frontrunner says he's an 'admirer' of Trump". Retrieved 2018-11-24.
    • Meredith, Sam (2018-10-09). "Who is the 'Trump of the Tropics?': All you need to know about Brazil's presidential frontrunner". CNBC. Retrieved 2018-11-24.
    • "Brazil's overhauled congress to be dominated by hard right". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2018-11-24.
    • "Brazil right-wing firebrand Jair Bolsonaro wins first presidential round". Financial Review. 2018-10-08. Retrieved 2018-11-24.
    • "Brazilians are so averse to the Workers' Party they're willing to elect a radical far-right populist — Quartz". qz.com. Retrieved 2018-11-24.
    • "Emerging Markets Have Struggled All Year. Here's One Country Bucking the Trend". Money. Retrieved 2018-11-24.
13. "PSL - Partido Social Liberal 17" (in Portuguese). Social Liberal Party. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
14. "Partido Social Liberal - Nossa História". psl.org.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2018-11-24.
15. "Partido Social Liberal". Pslnacional.org.br (in Portuguese). Social Liberal Party. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
16. Constantino, Rodrigo (28 January 2016). "PSL se renova e foca mais no "liberal" da sigla. Ou: It's happening!" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 13 October 2018.
17. "Impeachment de Dilma: saiba como votou cada um dos partidos na Câmara" (in Portuguese). Agência Brasil. 18 April 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
18. "Deputado Jair Bolsonaro anuncia filiação ao PSL" (in Portuguese). G1. 5 January 2018. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
19. "Jair Bolsonaro: Far-right candidate wins first round of Brazil election". BBC News. 8 October 2018. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
20. Gamarski, Rachel; Adghirni, Samy (8 October 2018). "Bolsonaro Election Effect Turns Brazil's Congress on Its Head". Bloomberg. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
21. "Deputados estaduais eleitos no RJ; veja lista" (in Portuguese). G1. 8 October 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
22. Pessoa, Gabriela Sá; Saldaña, Paulo (8 October 2018). "PSDB cai pela metade na Assembleia de SP e PSL se torna principal bancada". Folha de S.Paulo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 13 October 2018.
23. Faiolo, Anthony; Lopes, Marina (7 October 2018). "Brazil's far-right candidate takes big lead in presidential election". The Washington Post. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
24. Londoño, Ernesto; Darlington, Shasta (28 October 2018). "Jair Bolsonaro, Far-Right Populist, Elected President of Brazil". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
25. Grillo, Marco (29 October 2018). "Um dia após vitória de Bolsonaro, PSL troca presidência do partido". O Globo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 6 November 2018.
26. "Bolsonaro anuncia saída do PSL e criação do Aliança pelo Brasil" (in Portuguese). R7. 12 November 2019.
27. "PSL ficará na coligação, diz assessoria de Marina Silva". Exame. 03/12/2018. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

• Political parties established in 1994
• 1994 establishments in Brazil
• Conservative parties in Brazil
• National conservative parties
• Nationalist parties in Brazil
• Political parties in Brazil
• Right-wing populist parties
• Right-wing populism in South America
• Social conservative parties
• Far-right politics in Brazil
• Anti-communist organizations