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The Internet Society (ISOC) is an American nonprofit organization founded in 1992 to provide leadership in Internet-related standards, education, access, and policy. Its mission is "to promote the open development, evolution and use of the Internet for the benefit of all people throughout the world". It has consistently struggled for recognition and influence. While once boasting a large global membership base, it lost 40,000 members in 2018 alone, and as of December 2019 has declined to 64,538 members.

History

The Internet Society was established in 1992 by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn with one of its purposes being to provide a corporate structure to support the Internet standards development process. From its inception, the Internet Society tried to establish itself as an international organization. However, the struggle for recognition both in the international realm and at the national level in the United States proved to be a tedious task. This is amazing, given the need for an organization representing the Internet in the arena of international coordination at a time (the early 1990s) when no serious competitors to the Internet Society existed.

Relationship with the Internet Engineering Task Force

The central unit of standardization in Internet standards is performed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The IETF is split into numerous working groups covering various functional areas. A steering body, the Internet Engineering Steering Group, coordinates the activities of the working groups, assigns group chairs and approves the results of the groups' work. Before standards are adopted, at least two independent implementations must have demonstrated that they really work. Moreover, when a standard is proposed, it is published electronically and at some stage of the standards track it is introduced as a "Request for Comments" (RFC) in the RFC document series. Thus, a broad and unrestricted discussion of the proposal is made possible.

The founders of the Internet Society held the view that government action is not needed to provide the public good of Internet coordination. This conviction was also shared by the U.S. government, which since 1995 has repeatedly declared in official statements that it is committed to a hands-off policy. If collective rather than market coordination is needed, it should be provided by private organizations and not by American government agencies or intergovernmental organizations. Thus, the initial activities of the Internet Society aimed at establishing it in the organizational field of the Internet complex and doing just that. Since its inception, the Internet Society financed the activities of the IETF and provided it with a legal umbrella.

However, in 2018 the IETF began to become independent of the Internet Society, by forming its own legal entity (IETF Administration LLC). The Internet Society has committed to making payments to the IETF until 2020 to help it build up an endowment and reserve fund, after which time it will be financially independent.

Today

The Internet Society conducts a range of activities under the categories of: standards, public policy, access, and education.

The Internet Society works with countries and community partners to support network development, interconnection, and Internet traffic exchange, as well as training individuals who can build and maintain the Internet infrastructure in their regions.

Under the standards category, the Internet Society supports and promotes the work of the standards settings bodies for which it is the organizational home: the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the Internet Architecture Board (IAB), the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG), and the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF). The Internet Society also seeks to promote understanding and appreciation of the Internet model of open, transparent processes and consensus-based decision making.

Under the public policy category, the Internet Society works with governments, national and international organizations, civil society, the private sector, and other parties to promote policies about the Internet that conform to its core values. The following statement illustrates the foundation for the Internet Society's policy positions:

We envision a future in which people in all parts of the world can use the Internet to improve their quality of life, because standards, technologies, business practices, and government policies sustain an open and universally accessible platform for innovation, creativity, and economic opportunity.

The Internet Society has a prominent function in Internet governance discussions, including significant involvement in the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) and Internet Governance Forum (IGF).

The Internet Society works with countries and community partners to support network development, interconnection, and Internet traffic exchange, as well as training individuals who can build and maintain the Internet infrastructure in their regions.

Under the category of education, the Internet Society pursues its goals by coordinating and delivering hands-on technical training, seminars and conferences on topical Internet issues; supporting local and regional Internet organisations; issuing briefings and white papers on Internet technologies; and funding participation opportunities for Internet experts in developing countries.

The Internet Society is the parent company for the Public Interest Registry, which manages the .ORG top-level domain.

ISOC has joint offices in Reston, Virginia, United States and Geneva, Switzerland. It has also established "Regional Bureaus" for Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa, Asia, North America and Europe.

The Internet Society helped organize World IPv6 Day, which gathered companies such as Facebook, Google, Yahoo, Akamai Technologies and Limelight Networks as well as ISPs to raise awareness of IPv6 issues such as fragmentation.

Membership Decline

The Internet Society has long struggled for respect and influence. Despite no competition in its space, and Internet penetration increasing around the world, remarkably the membership of the Internet Society has declined over time. The organization boasted 100,000 members in 2018, but as of December 2019, had lost over 40,000 members and now boasts a mere 64,538 on its homepage.

Internet Society Foundation

The Internet Society also provides grants and rewards to relevant initiatives and outreach efforts that address the humanitarian, educational and societal contexts of online connectivity through the Internet Society Foundation, an independent 501(c)(3) organisation with the stated mission "We focus on funding initiatives that strengthen the Internet in function and reach so that it can effectively serve all people".

Board of Trustees

The Internet Society is governed by a board of trustees. Gonzalo Camarillo is the current chair of the board of trustees.

Current Composition

The board of trustees consists of 13 members. Four members are appointed by Internet Society chapters, four members are appointed by the Internet Engineering Task Force, and four members are appointed by organizational members of the Internet Society. In addition, the President and Chief Executive Officer serves ex officio. As a result, a majority of the board of trustees are appointed by corporate interests.

Historical Composition

Until 2001, there were also trustees elected by individual members of the Internet Society. Those elections were "suspended" in 2001. This was ostensibly done as a fiscal measure due to the perception that the elections were costing too much (at the time, the organization was in a dire financial situation). In later Bylaw revisions, the concept of individual member-selected trustees went from "suspended" to being deleted altogether.

Controversies

In 2019 the board voted unanimously to allow the CEO Andrew Sullivan to enter negotiations with a private equity firm Ethos Capital for the sale of the .org domain name, a top level domain that has been traditionally focused on non-profits.

See also

• Jonathan B. Postel Service Award
• Chamber of Digital Commerce

References

This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: "Internet Society" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

1. "Internet Society". Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs. Government of the District of Columbia. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
2. ^ "Internet Society". Tax Exempt Organization Search. Internal Revenue Service. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
3. ^ Cite error: The named reference 990-2016 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
4. ^ Cite error: The named reference leadership was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
5. ^ Cite error: The named reference 990-2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
6. Internet Society (ISOC) - Introduction to ISOC
7. http://www.internetsociety.org/history
8. Internet Society (ISOC) - ISOC's Standards Activities Archived 2011-12-13 at the Wayback Machine
9. Internet Society - Public Policy - ISOC's Public Policy Activities"
10. Internet Society (ISOC) - ISOC's Education Activities Archived 2008-02-17 at the Wayback Machine
11. World Internet Society IPv6 Day
12. "About the Internet Society Foundation". Internet Society Foundation. Retrieved 2019-11-27.
13. "ISOC Board of Trustees Minutes, Meeting No. 25 (December 8-9, 2001)". Internet Society. Retrieved 2019-12-06.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
14. Kieren McCarthy. "As pressure builds over .org sell-off, internet governance bodies fall back into familiar pattern: Silence". Retrieved 2019-11-29.

External links

• Official website
• IETF and ISOC by Vint Cerf

• Internet Society people
• History of the Internet
• Internet governance organizations
• Internet Standards
• Organizations established in 1992
• 1992 establishments in the United States