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{{Infobox person {{Infobox person
| name = Dimitrije Tucović | name = Dimitrije Tucović
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Dimitrije Tucović was already an adherent to socialist ideas when he came to Belgrade in 1899 to finish high school. He agitated for socialism with ], who was a big influence on him. In 1901, the ] was renewed and Tucović recreated a socialist group of ] students and became one of the leaders of the Society. He attempted to create modern unions. Dimitrije Tucović was already an adherent to socialist ideas when he came to Belgrade in 1899 to finish high school. He agitated for socialism with ], who was a big influence on him. In 1901, the ] was renewed and Tucović recreated a socialist group of ] students and became one of the leaders of the Society. He attempted to create modern unions.


In 1902 he organised student demonstrations in the Senate against ]. With Tucović's and Dragović's help, the "Panel for Movement Leadership" was created again and they made the "Central Committee", with a goal of setting the grounds for creating a party. Tucović led the March demonstrations against King ] on the 5 March 1903. He was forced to emigrate to ] in the neighbouring ], and afterwards to ]. In 1902 he organised student demonstrations in the Senate against ]. With Tucović's and Dragović's help, the "Panel for Movement Leadership" was created again and they made the "Central Committee", with a goal of setting the grounds for creating a party. Tucović led the March demonstrations against King ] on 5 March 1903. He was forced to emigrate to ] in the neighbouring ], and afterwards to ].


]'' (Worker's Newspaper) from 1897.]] ]'' (Worker's Newspaper) from 1897.]]


On the 2 August 1903, the Social-Democratic Party was formed, with Dimitrije Tucović and ] as one of the leaders. The editor of their newspaper, "Worker's Newspaper" was Tucović. During the Second Congress of a workers union SSDP (1904), Tucović gave a lecture on union organisations. In polemics with the left wing of the party, headed by Dragiša Lapčević, Tucović often adopted a centralist and right-opportunist positions. On 2 August 1903, the Social-Democratic Party was formed, with Dimitrije Tucović and ] as one of the leaders. The editor of their newspaper, "Worker's Newspaper" was Tucović. During the Second Congress of a workers union SSDP (1904), Tucović gave a lecture on union organisations. In polemics with the left wing of the party, headed by Dragiša Lapčević, Tucović often adopted a centralist and right-opportunist positions.


In 1906, he graduated from the ]'s ]. After coming back from Berlin, he gave up on his doctorate and started spending his time in socialist and labour movement, as a secretary of SSDP. In 1906, he graduated from the ]'s ]. After coming back from Berlin, he gave up on his doctorate and started spending his time in socialist and labour movement, as a secretary of SSDP.
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{{cquote|Grouping and mutuality of countries and peoples in the Balkans is the only road that leads to economic, national and political liberation.<ref>Dimitrije Tucović, ''Prva balkanska socijaldemokratska konferencija'' (u Izabrani spisi, knjiga II, str. 23) Prosveta, Beograd, 1950.</ref>}} {{cquote|Grouping and mutuality of countries and peoples in the Balkans is the only road that leads to economic, national and political liberation.<ref>Dimitrije Tucović, ''Prva balkanska socijaldemokratska konferencija'' (u Izabrani spisi, knjiga II, str. 23) Prosveta, Beograd, 1950.</ref>}}


In 1910, the party established a theory magazine ''Borba'' Tucović was the editor. He participated at the International Socialist Congress in ] the same year and gave an important speech criticizing the position that Austrian social-democrats took on the national issue, especially the ]. In a debate with ] he pointed out the colonial-enslaving politics of ] and the fact that social-democrats were supporting the government on the issue. In 1910, the party established a theory magazine ''Borba'' Tucović was the editor. He participated at the International Socialist Congress in ] the same year and gave an important speech criticizing the position that Austrian social-democrats took on the national issue, especially the ]. In a debate with ] he pointed out the colonial-enslaving politics of ] and the fact that social-democrats were supporting the government on the issue.


After the outbreak of the ] 1912, he was mobilized in the ] and participated in the ].<ref name="Larousse"/> He sent letters from the ] about ] against civil population which were regularly published in the Worker's Newspaper.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091217070023/http://www.pescanik.net/content/view/1655/64 |date=17 December 2009 }} {{sr icon}}</ref> Writing of the ] during the Serbian takeover of ] from ] (1912), he stated: After the outbreak of the ] 1912, he was mobilized in the ] and participated in the ].<ref name="Larousse"/> He sent letters from the ] about ] against civil population which were regularly published in the Worker's Newspaper.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091217070023/http://www.pescanik.net/content/view/1655/64 |date=17 December 2009 }} {{sr icon}}</ref> Writing of the ] during the Serbian takeover of ] from ] (1912), he stated:
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After returning from the Balkan war, he published his influential book '']'', which analyzes the roots of ] and consider "among the most important ] contributions on the national question in the Balkans".<ref></ref> After returning from the Balkan war, he published his influential book '']'', which analyzes the roots of ] and consider "among the most important ] contributions on the national question in the Balkans".<ref></ref>


He died on the frontlines in World War I at ]. He died as a member of Morava division in November 1914 in a ] against Austro-Hungarian army at ]'s bank. In 1915, ] wrote about the political impact of his death: He died on the frontlines in World War I at ]. He died as a member of Morava division in November 1914 in a ] against Austro-Hungarian army at ]'s bank. In 1915, ] wrote about the political impact of his death:


{{cquote|How many harbingers of the ] have fallen in the wars of the last years! The heaviest blow for Serbian and all Balkan social-democracy in the war was the fate of Dimitrije Tucovic who was one of the noblest and most heroic figures of the Serbian workers’ movement.<ref></ref>}} {{cquote|How many harbingers of the ] have fallen in the wars of the last years! The heaviest blow for Serbian and all Balkan social-democracy in the war was the fate of Dimitrije Tucovic who was one of the noblest and most heroic figures of the Serbian workers' movement.<ref></ref>}}


The ] in ] used to be named after him. He has streets named after him in ], ], Belgrade, Kragujevac, and many other cities and towns of former Yugoslavia. The ] in ] used to be named after him. He has streets named after him in ], ], Belgrade, Kragujevac, and many other cities and towns of former Yugoslavia.
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==References== ==References==
*{{Citation |last=Gallagher |first=T. |year=2006 |title=The Balkans in the New Millennium: In the Shadow of War and Peace |publisher=Routledge |location= |isbn=0-415-34940-0 }}. *{{Citation |last=Gallagher |first=T. |year=2006 |title=The Balkans in the New Millennium: In the Shadow of War and Peace |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-34940-0 }}.


==External links== ==External links==
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Revision as of 23:28, 28 December 2019

Dimitrije Tucović
Born(1881-05-13)13 May 1881
Gostilje, Serbia
Died20 November 1914(1914-11-20) (aged 33)
Vrače Brdo, Serbia
Resting placeNew Cemetery, Belgrade, Serbia
NationalitySerbian
Alma materUniversity of Belgrade
Occupation(s)Editor, journalist, politician, soldier, theorist
Political partySocial Democratic
MovementSocialism
Military career
Nickname(s)Mita
Allegiance Kingdom of Serbia
Service / branchRoyal Serbian Army
Years of service1912–1914
RankCaptain
Battles / wars
MemorialsDimitrije Tucović Square

Dimitrije "Mita" Tucović (Serbian Cyrillic: Димитрије Туцовић, Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [dimǐtrije tûːtsoʋitɕ]; 13 May 1881 – November 1914) was a Serbian theorist of the socialist movement, prominent leader and a publisher. He was founder of the Serbian Social Democratic Party, with the writings, he participated in many newspapers and magazines: Radnicki novine, Zhivot, Borba, Radnicki list, Sloboda, Tergovački pomoci, Radnik, Die Neue Zeit, Vorwärts, Gllas sloboda, Radnicki kalendari, Majski spisi.

Tucović devoted his entire life to fighting for workers' and human rights, gender equality, universal suffrage, social justice and civil liberties in the Kingdom of Serbia. Some of the ideas that he advocated as a pioneer, today are widely accepted values in contemporary Republic of Serbia.

Life

Dimitrije Tucović was born 13 May 1881 in the Gostilje village on Mount Zlatibor, near Čajetina.

Dimitrije Tucović was already an adherent to socialist ideas when he came to Belgrade in 1899 to finish high school. He agitated for socialism with Radovan Dragović, who was a big influence on him. In 1901, the Belgrade Workers' Society was renewed and Tucović recreated a socialist group of gymnasium students and became one of the leaders of the Society. He attempted to create modern unions.

In 1902 he organised student demonstrations in the Senate against Nikola Pašić. With Tucović's and Dragović's help, the "Panel for Movement Leadership" was created again and they made the "Central Committee", with a goal of setting the grounds for creating a party. Tucović led the March demonstrations against King Aleksandar Obrenović on 5 March 1903. He was forced to emigrate to Zemun in the neighbouring Austria-Hungary, and afterwards to Vienna.

Radničke novine (Worker's Newspaper) from 1897.

On 2 August 1903, the Social-Democratic Party was formed, with Dimitrije Tucović and Dragiša Lapčević as one of the leaders. The editor of their newspaper, "Worker's Newspaper" was Tucović. During the Second Congress of a workers union SSDP (1904), Tucović gave a lecture on union organisations. In polemics with the left wing of the party, headed by Dragiša Lapčević, Tucović often adopted a centralist and right-opportunist positions.

In 1906, he graduated from the University of Belgrade's Law School. After coming back from Berlin, he gave up on his doctorate and started spending his time in socialist and labour movement, as a secretary of SSDP.

Tucović was the organizer and leader of the first Balkan Socialist Conference, held in Belgrade from 7-9. January 1910, aimed at creating a Balkan federation.

Grouping and mutuality of countries and peoples in the Balkans is the only road that leads to economic, national and political liberation.

In 1910, the party established a theory magazine Borba – Tucović was the editor. He participated at the International Socialist Congress in Copenhagen the same year and gave an important speech criticizing the position that Austrian social-democrats took on the national issue, especially the Austro-Hungarian annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In a debate with Karl Renner he pointed out the colonial-enslaving politics of Austro-Hungary and the fact that social-democrats were supporting the government on the issue.

After the outbreak of the Balkan wars 1912, he was mobilized in the Serbian army and participated in the Serbian military campaign in Albania. He sent letters from the front about war crimes against civil population which were regularly published in the Worker's Newspaper. Writing of the massacres of Albanians during the Serbian takeover of Kosovo from Turkey (1912), he stated:

Captain Dimitrije Tucović

We have carried out the attempted premeditated murder of an entire nation. We were caught in that criminal act and have been obstructed. Now we have to suffer the punishment.... In the Balkan Wars, Serbia not only doubled its territory, but also its external enemies.

After returning from the Balkan war, he published his influential book Serbia and Albania: A Contribution to the Critique of the Conqueror Policy of the Serbian Bourgeoisie, which analyzes the roots of Serbian-Albanian conflict and consider "among the most important Marxist contributions on the national question in the Balkans".

He died on the frontlines in World War I at Vrače Brdo. He died as a member of Morava division in November 1914 in a Battle of Kolubara against Austro-Hungarian army at Ljig's bank. In 1915, Leon Trotsky wrote about the political impact of his death:

How many harbingers of the Balkan Federation have fallen in the wars of the last years! The heaviest blow for Serbian and all Balkan social-democracy in the war was the fate of Dimitrije Tucovic who was one of the noblest and most heroic figures of the Serbian workers' movement.

The Slavija Square in Belgrade used to be named after him. He has streets named after him in Skopje, Užice, Belgrade, Kragujevac, and many other cities and towns of former Yugoslavia.

Selected works

  • Union Organization (Sindikalne organizacije) 1904.
  • Unions and Party (Sindikati i partija) 1904.
  • Austria-Hungary in the Balkans (Austro-Ugarska na Balkanu) 1908.
  • Labor Law and Social Democracy (Zakon o radnjama i socijalna demokratija) 1908.
  • The labor movement in Serbia (Radnički pokret u Srbiji) 1909.
  • Balkan Conference (Balkanska konferencija) 1910.
  • First Balkan Social Democratic Conference (Prva balkanska socijaldemokratska konferencija) 1910.
  • The Albanian question (Albansko pitanje) 1910.
  • War and Peace (Rat i mir) 1910.
  • Women's liberation (Oslobođenje žene) 1910.
  • Tactics and action (Taktika i akcija) 1910.
  • Bourgeois and proletarian Serbia (Buržoaska i proleterska Srbija) 1911.
  • Marx and Slavs (Marks i Sloveni) 1911.
  • Serbia and Albania (Srbija i Arbanija) 1914.

Notes

  1. http://www.telegraf.rs/vesti/politika/1317205-culi-ste-za-njega-a-znate-li-ko-je-on-dimitrije-tucovic-covek-koji-je-kritikovao-srbe-zbog-zlocina-nad-albancima
  2. ^ Dimitrije Tucović, in Nova enciklopedija, Vuk Karadžić – Larousse (II tom), Beograd, 1978.
  3. Dimitrije Tucović, Prva balkanska socijaldemokratska konferencija (u Izabrani spisi, knjiga II, str. 23) Prosveta, Beograd, 1950.
  4. Tucovićevo pismo o zločinima srpske vojske nad Albancima Archived 17 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine Template:Sr icon
  5. Gallagher, T. (2006)
  6. Review of “Serbia and Albania” by Dimitrije Tucovic
  7. Leon Trotsky, Political Profiles. Rakovsky and Kolarov (October 1915)

References

  • Gallagher, T. (2006), The Balkans in the New Millennium: In the Shadow of War and Peace, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-34940-0.

External links

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