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* ''A journey of a familiar man through his familiar land'' (''Podróż swojaka po swojszczyźnie'') * ''A journey of a familiar man through his familiar land'' (''Podróż swojaka po swojszczyźnie'')
* ''The history of literature in Poland'' (''Dzieje literatury w Polsce'') * ''The history of literature in Poland'' (''Dzieje literatury w Polsce'')

==Legacy==


], ]]]
While majority of sources refer to him as a "Polish poet", his legacy is best understood in the context of the multicultural ] identity.<ref name="Venclova1999"/> His birthplace was located within the former ],<ref name="Miłosz1983"/> and he referred to himself as a Lithuanian when expressing own regional identity.<ref name="PotichnyjStudies1980"/> Syrokomla also identified himself with the land of modern Belarus and its people.<ref name=arche/> During Syrokomla's burial ceremony, the Lithuanian poet ] emphasized that while Syrokomla was influenced by Polish culture, he was a Lithuanian poet, closest to Lithuania after ].<ref name=pog/><ref name=TR/> ] wrote a memorial poem on his death referring to him as a "lirnik Litewski" (Lithuanian lyricist).<ref name="Żmichowska1894">{{cite book|author=Narcyza Żmichowska|title=Kwiaty rodzinne|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pBkPAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA249|accessdate=October 8, 2011|year=1894|publisher=Nakład G. Gebethnera i spółki|page=249}}</ref> His works were often translated into Lithuanian and Belarusian languages.<ref name="PSB307"/>

In modern Belarus, he is being praised for depicting the life of 19th century Belarus and for his ethnographic research of Belarusians.<ref name=movananova/> In his publications, Syrokomla supported the Belarusian language and the Belarusian theatre plays by the playwright ].<ref name=belta/><ref name=liuban/>

In Belarus, there are streets named after W. Syrokomla (''vulica Uladzislava Syrakomli'') in ], ] and in smaller towns ], ], ], ], ] and ]. In Smolhava a school is named after Syrokomla.<ref name=PSB307/>

In ] residential district ] (city district Warszawa-]) there are two streets dedicated to the poet: Ludwik Kondratowicz St and Władysław Syrokomla St.

In Vilnius, a Polish-language school of the ] is named after him.<ref name=PSB307/><ref name="syrokomla"/>


==See also== ==See also==

Revision as of 19:45, 16 January 2020

Władysław Syrokomla
BornLudwik Władysław Franciszek Kondratowicz
(1823-09-29)September 29, 1823
Smolków, Minsk Governorate, Russian Empire
DiedSeptember 15, 1862(1862-09-15) (aged 38)
Vilnius (Vilna), Vilna Governorate, Russian Empire
Resting placeRasos Cemetery, Vilnius
Pen nameWładysław Syrokomla
LanguagePolish
NationalityPolish
GenreRomanticism
Signature
Memorial of Władysław Syrokomla, in the Church of St. Johns, Vilnius, Lithuania

Ludwik Władysław Franciszek Kondratowicz (September 29, 1823 – September 15, 1862), better known as Władysław Syrokomla, was a romantic poet, writer and translator working in Vilnius and Vilna Governorate, then Russian Empire.

Biography

Syrokomla was born September 29, 1823 in the village of Smolków, in the Minsk Governorate of the Russian Empire (now Smolhava, Minsk Region, Belarus), to an impoverished noble family. His parents were Aleksander Kajetan Kondratowicz (d. 1858) and Wiktoria (née Złotkowska). His uncle was Hilary Kondratowicz (1790–1823), a Polish teacher of maths in gymnasium in Vilnius, who published some articles in Wiadomości Brukowe. A year after his birth his parents moved to another village (Jaśkowicze). In 1833 he entered the Dominican school in Nesvizh (Nieśwież). He had to give up his studies due to financial problems. In 1837 he began work in a Marchaczewszczyzna folwark. Between 1841 and 1844, he worked as a clerk in the Radziwiłł family land manager's office. On April 16, 1844 in Niaśviž he married Paulina Mitraszewska, with whom he had four children; three of them would die in the same year (1852).

In 1844 he published the first of his poems – Pocztylion – under the pen-name Władysław Syrokomla, coined after his family's coat of arms. The same year he also rented the small village of Załucze. In 1853, after the death of three of his children, he sold it or gave his manor to his parents, and settled in Vilnius itself. After a few months he rented the village of Bareikiškės, near Vilnius. He became one of the editors (1861–1862) of the Kurier Wileński, the largest and most prestigious Polish-language daily newspaper published in the Vilnius area. In 1858 he visited Kraków, and some time later he visited Warsaw. For taking part in an anti-tsarist demonstration in 1861 in Warsaw he was arrested by the Okhrana and then sentenced to home arrest in his manor in Bareikiškės. He died on September 15, 1862 and was buried in the Rasos Cemetery in Vilnius.

Throughout his life, Syrokomla would remain impoverished; Czesław Miłosz wrote that he was "forever struggling against his lack of education and his poverty". Despite that, Syrokomla had many influential and even wealthy friends; his manor was visited by count Eustachy Tyszkiewicz, Stanisław Moniuszko, Ignacy Chodźko, Mikołaj Malinowski, Antoni Pietkiewicz and others.

Works

Syrkomla was influenced by Adam Mickiewicz. In his prose he supported the liberation of peasants and secession of the lands of former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from Imperial Russia, which had annexed portions of the Commonwealth, including its Lithuanian areas (today parts of Belarus and the Republic of Lithuania), during its late 18th-century partitions.

Among the most notable of Syrokomla's works are translations of various Russian, French, Ukrainian, German and Latin poets, including works by Goethe, Heine, Lermontov, Shevchenko, Nekrasov, Béranger and others. His translations are considered a "great service" for the Polish language. Syrokomla also produced a number of works about the rustic nature, people and customs of Lithuania and Belarus.

The vast majority of his works were written in the Polish language, however, he also wrote several poems in Belarusian. Syrokomla is considered by some as one of the early influential writers in modern Belarusian language, although many of his Belarusian poems are believed to be lost.

During his lifetime, his works were translated into several languages, including Lithuanian. The composer Tchaikovsky adapted one of his works expressing a sympathetic view of the then-unliberated peasants – The Coral Beads – into a song. He also wrote of the Karaite community in Lithuania and its mosques and of a Jewish bookseller in Vilnius.

Some of his works are classified as gawęda (a story-like Polish epic literary genre).

  • Translations of Polish-Latin poets of Sigismund's age like Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski (Przekłady poetów polsko-łacińskich epoki zygmuntowskiej m.in. Macieja Kazimierza Sarbiewskiego)
  • Chats and rhymes elusive (Gawędy i rymy ulotne) (1853)
  • Born Jan Dęboróg (Urodzony Jan Dęboróg)
  • Poetries of the last hour (Poezje ostatniej godziny)
  • Liberation of peasants (Wyzwolenie włościan)
  • Margier. A poem from Lithuania's history (Margier. Poemat z dziejów Litwy) (1855)
  • Good Thursday (Wielki Czwartek) (1856)
  • Janko the Cemetery-man (Janko Cmentarnik) (1857)
  • Kasper Kaliński (1858)
  • A house in the forest (Chatka w lesie) (1855–1856)
  • Hrabia na Wątorach (1856)
  • The magnates and the orphan (Możnowładcy i sierota) (1859)
  • Politicians from the countryside (Wiejscy politycy) (1858)
  • Wojnarowski
  • A journey of a familiar man through his familiar land (Podróż swojaka po swojszczyźnie)
  • The history of literature in Poland (Dzieje literatury w Polsce)

See also

References

  1. ^ Michael J. Mikoś (June 2002). Polish romantic literature: an anthology. Slavica. ISBN 978-0-89357-281-5. Retrieved March 22, 2011.
  2. ^ Paul Soboleski (1881). Poets and poetry of Poland: a collection of Polish verse, including a short account of the history of Polish poetry, with sixty biographical sketches of Poland's poets and specimens of their composition. Knight & Leonard, printers. pp. 389–. Retrieved March 22, 2011.
  3. ^ (in Polish) Syrokomla Władysław, Encyklopedia WIEM
  4. ^ (in Polish) Irena Rusakiewicz, WILNIANIE ZASŁUŻENI DLA LITWY, POLSKI, EUROPY I ŚWIATA: Syrokomla Władysław (Ludwik Kondratowicz) (1823–1862). Litwa w twórczości Władysława Syrokomli
  5. ^ Kiśliak, Elżbieta. "Władysław Syrokomla". Polski Słownik Biograficzny. Vol. 46. Polska Akademia Nauk & Polska Akademia Umiejętności. p. 300.
  6. Więsław Witold (2002). "Matematyka wileńska za czasów Adama Mickiewicza" (PDF). Roczniki Polskiego Towarzystwa Matematycznego. Seria II Wiadomości Matematyczne. 38: 165.
  7. ^ Czesław Miłosz (1983). The history of Polish literature. University of California Press. pp. 256–. ISBN 978-0-520-04477-7. Retrieved March 22, 2011.
  8. ^ William Fiddian Reddaway (1971). The Cambridge history of Poland. CUP Archive. pp. 332–. GGKEY:2G7C1LPZ3RN. Retrieved March 22, 2011.
  9. Paul Soboleski (1881). Poets and poetry of Poland: a collection of Polish verse, including a short account of the history of Polish poetry, with sixty biographical sketches of Poland's poets and specimens of their composition. Knight & Leonard, printers. pp. 388–. Retrieved March 22, 2011.
  10. "Да 190-годдзя Уладзіслава Сыракомлі" [To the 190th anniversary of Uladzislau Syrakomla]. BelTA (in Belarusian). BelTA. September 26, 2013. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  11. (in Lithuanian) Birutė LISAUSKAITĖ,"Vladislovas Sirokomlė (1823 – 1862 m.)". Archived from the original on October 23, 2007. Retrieved October 16, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) . 2007
  12. Richard D. Sylvester (January 2004). Tchaikovsky's complete songs: a companion with texts and translations. Indiana University Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-253-21676-2. Retrieved April 5, 2011.
  13. Christoph Marcinkowski (2009). The Islamic world and the West: managing religious and cultural identities in the age of globalisation. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 100. ISBN 978-3-643-80001-5. Retrieved April 5, 2011.
  14. Aleksander Hertz (1988). The Jews in Polish culture. Northwestern University Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-8101-0758-8. Retrieved April 5, 2011.

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External links

 Polish Wikiquote has quotations related to: Władysław Syrokomla

  • (in Polish) Patron szkoły (biography at the Vilnius High School dedicated to him)
  • (in Polish) Irena Kardasz, Patron szkoły (biography at the Michałowo Elementary School dedicated to him, with a chronological table of his life)
  • (in Polish) Józefa Drozdowska, Władysław Syrokomla (krótka bibliografia) (Short bio, also contains a list of further bibliographical sources)
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