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Revision as of 09:46, 28 December 2019 editMonkbot (talk | contribs)Bots3,695,952 editsm →External links: Task 15: language icon template(s) replaced (1×);Tag: AWB← Previous edit Revision as of 04:29, 18 January 2020 edit undoPlantdrew (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, New page reviewers644,411 edits automatic taxoboxNext edit →
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{{other uses}} {{other uses}}
{{taxobox {{Italic title}} {{Automatic taxobox
⚫ |name = ''Freesia''
|image = Freesia.jpg |image = Freesia.jpg
|image_caption = Cultivated freesias |image_caption = Cultivated freesias
|display_parents = 2
|regnum = ]
⚫ |taxon = Freesia
|unranked_divisio = ]
⚫ |authority = ] ex ]
|unranked_classis = ]
|ordo = ]
|familia = ]
|subfamilia = ]
|genus = '''''Freesia'''''
⚫ |genus_authority = ] ex ]
|type_species = ''Freesia refracta'' |type_species = ''Freesia refracta''
|type_species_authority = (Jacquin) Klatt |type_species_authority = (Jacquin) Klatt
|synonyms_ref=<ref name=WCSP_F/> |synonyms_ref = <ref name=WCSP_F/>
|synonyms= |synonyms=
* '']'' <small>Ker Gawl.</small> * ''Anomatheca'' <small>Ker Gawl.</small>
* '']'' <small>Kuntze</small> * ''Nymanina'' <small>Kuntze</small>
}} }}


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==Description== ==Description==

They are ] plants which grow from a conical ] 1–2.5&nbsp;cm diameter, which sends up a tuft of narrow ] 10–30&nbsp;cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10–40&nbsp;cm tall bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of ]s with six ]s. Many species have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped ]s, although those formerly placed in the genus ''Anomatheca'', such as '']'', have flat flowers. They are ] plants which grow from a conical ] 1–2.5&nbsp;cm diameter, which sends up a tuft of narrow ] 10–30&nbsp;cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10–40&nbsp;cm tall bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of ]s with six ]s. Many species have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped ]s, although those formerly placed in the genus ''Anomatheca'', such as '']'', have flat flowers.


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==Systematics== ==Systematics==

The genus was named in honor of ] (1795–1876), a German physician.<ref name=Goldblatt2008>{{cite book |author1=Manning, John |author2=Goldblatt, Peter |title=The Iris Family: Natural History & Classification |publisher=Timber Press |location=Portland, Oregon|pages=149–52 |year=2008|isbn=0-88192-897-6}}</ref> The genus was named in honor of ] (1795–1876), a German physician.<ref name=Goldblatt2008>{{cite book |author1=Manning, John |author2=Goldblatt, Peter |title=The Iris Family: Natural History & Classification |publisher=Timber Press |location=Portland, Oregon|pages=149–52 |year=2008|isbn=0-88192-897-6}}</ref>


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==Cultivation and uses== ==Cultivation and uses==

The plants usually called "freesias" are derived from crosses made in the 19th century between ''F. refracta'' and ''F. leichtlinii''. Numerous ]s have been bred from these species and the pink- and yellow-flowered forms of ''F. corymbosa''. Modern ] cultivars have flowers ranging from white to yellow, pink, red and blue-mauve. They are mostly cultivated professionally in the Netherlands by about 80 growers.<ref>Dutch flowerpaper, Bloemenkrant, publisher Verhagen, week 12-2015, see also http://issuu.com/twovisions/docs/bk_week_12_15?e=1360358/11894263</ref> Freesias can be readily increased from seed. Due to their specific and pleasing scent, they are often used in hand creams, shampoos, candles, etc.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}, however, the flowers are mainly used in wedding bouquets. The plants usually called "freesias" are derived from crosses made in the 19th century between ''F. refracta'' and ''F. leichtlinii''. Numerous ]s have been bred from these species and the pink- and yellow-flowered forms of ''F. corymbosa''. Modern ] cultivars have flowers ranging from white to yellow, pink, red and blue-mauve. They are mostly cultivated professionally in the Netherlands by about 80 growers.<ref>Dutch flowerpaper, Bloemenkrant, publisher Verhagen, week 12-2015, see also http://issuu.com/twovisions/docs/bk_week_12_15?e=1360358/11894263</ref> Freesias can be readily increased from seed. Due to their specific and pleasing scent, they are often used in hand creams, shampoos, candles, etc.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}, however, the flowers are mainly used in wedding bouquets.


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File:FreesiaRefracta2.jpg|<i>Freesia refracta</i> File:FreesiaRefracta2.jpg|<i>Freesia refracta</i>
File:Freesia viridis.jpg|<i>Freesia viridis</i> in Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Volume 31: t. 1275, as <i>Tritonia viridis</i> File:Freesia viridis.jpg|<i>Freesia viridis</i> in Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Volume 31: t. 1275, as <i>Tritonia viridis</i>

</gallery> </gallery>


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{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}


== Bibliography == ==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}} {{refbegin}}


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{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}


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Revision as of 04:29, 18 January 2020

For other uses, see Freesia (disambiguation).

Freesia
Cultivated freesias
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Subfamily: Crocoideae
Tribe: Freesieae
Genus: Freesia
Eckl. ex Klatt
Type species
Freesia refracta
(Jacquin) Klatt
Synonyms
  • Anomatheca Ker Gawl.
  • Nymanina Kuntze

Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1866 by Christian Friedrich Ecklon (1886) and named after the German botanist and medical practitioner, Friedrich Freese (1795-1876). It is native to the eastern side of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most species being found in Cape Provinces. Species of the former genus Anomatheca are now included in Freesia. The plants commonly known as "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped flowers, are cultivated hybrids of a number of Freesia species. Some other species are also grown as ornamental plants.

Description

They are herbaceous plants which grow from a conical corm 1–2.5 cm diameter, which sends up a tuft of narrow leaves 10–30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10–40 cm tall bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of flowers with six tepals. Many species have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped flowers, although those formerly placed in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have flat flowers.

Freesias are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Large Yellow Underwing.

Systematics

The genus was named in honor of Friedrich Heinrich Theodor Freese (1795–1876), a German physician.

Species
  • Freesia andersoniae L.Bolus - the Cape Provinces, Free State
  • Freesia caryophyllacea (Burm.f.) N.E.Br. (syn. F. elimensis L.Bolus, F. parva N.E.Br., F. xanthospila (DC.) Klatt) - Heuningrug region in the Cape Provinces
  • Freesia corymbosa (Burm.f.) N.E.Br. (syn. F. armstrongii W.Watson, F. brevis N.E.Br.) - the Cape Provinces
  • Freesia fergusoniae L.Bolus - the Cape Provinces
  • Freesia fucata J.C.Manning & Goldblatt - Hoeks River Valley in the Cape Provinces
  • Freesia grandiflora (Baker) Klatt - Zaire, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Swaziland, northeastern South Africa
  • Freesia laxa (Thunb.) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning (syn. F. cruenta (Lindl.) Klatt) - from Rwanda + Kenya south to the Cape Provinces; naturalized in Madeira, Mauritius, Réunion, Australia, Florida, Argentina
  • Freesia leichtlinii Klatt (syn. F. middlemostii F.Barker, F. muirii N.E.Br.) - the Cape Provinces; naturalized in Corsica, California, Florida, Argentina
  • Freesia marginata J.C.Manning & Goldblatt - the Cape Provinces
  • Freesia occidentalis L.Bolus (syn. F. framesii L.Bolus) - the Cape Provinces
  • Freesia praecox J.C.Manning & Goldblatt - the Cape Provinces
  • Freesia refracta (Jacq.) Klatt (syn. F. hurlingii L.Bolus) - the Cape Provinces; naturalized in France, Canary Islands, Madeira, Bermuda, St. Helena
  • Freesia sparrmanii (Thunb.) N.E.Br. - Langeberg in the Cape Provinces
  • Freesia speciosa L.Bolus (syn. F. flava (E.Phillips & N.E.Br.) N.E.Br.) - the Cape Provinces
  • Freesia verrucosa (B.Vogel) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning (syn. F. juncea (Pourr.) Klatt) - the Cape Provinces
  • Freesia viridis (Aiton) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning - Namibia, the Cape Provinces

Species of the former genus Anomatheca are now included in Freesia:

Cultivation and uses

The plants usually called "freesias" are derived from crosses made in the 19th century between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these species and the pink- and yellow-flowered forms of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have flowers ranging from white to yellow, pink, red and blue-mauve. They are mostly cultivated professionally in the Netherlands by about 80 growers. Freesias can be readily increased from seed. Due to their specific and pleasing scent, they are often used in hand creams, shampoos, candles, etc., however, the flowers are mainly used in wedding bouquets.

They can be planted in the fall in USDA Hardiness Zones 9-10 (i.e. where the temperature does not fall below about −7 °C (20 °F)), and in the spring in Zones 4-8.

Freesia laxa (formerly called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other species of the genus which is commonly cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, it has flat rather than cup-shaped flowers.

Extensive 'forcing' of this bulb occurs in Half Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the bulbs in proprietary methods to satisfy cold dormancy which results in formation of buds within a predicted number of weeks – often 5 weeks at 55 °F (13 °C).

  • Freesia alba Freesia alba
  • Freesia corymbosa Freesia corymbosa
  • Freesia grandiflora Freesia grandiflora
  • Freesia laxa Freesia laxa
  • Freesia refracta Freesia refracta
  • Freesia viridis in Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Volume 31: t. 1275, as Tritonia viridis Freesia viridis in Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Volume 31: t. 1275, as Tritonia viridis

References

  1. ^ Search for "Freesia", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2012-08-13
  2. Manning, John; Goldblatt, Peter (2008). The Iris Family: Natural History & Classification. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 149–52. ISBN 0-88192-897-6.
  3. Dutch flowerpaper, Bloemenkrant, publisher Verhagen, week 12-2015, see also http://issuu.com/twovisions/docs/bk_week_12_15?e=1360358/11894263
  4. Live to garden: Freesia
  5. Mathew, Brian (1987), The Smaller Bulbs, London: B.T. Batsford, ISBN 978-0-7134-4922-8, p. 9
  6. Innes, Clive (1985), The World of Iridaceae, Ashington, UK: Holly Gate International, ISBN 978-0-948236-01-3, p. 18

Bibliography

External links

Taxon identifiers
Freesia
Categories: