Fall of Constantinople
|
1453
|
Constantinople
|
4,000
Ottoman Empire
Before 1914
Name
|
Date
|
Location
|
Deaths
|
Responsible Party
|
Victims
|
Notes
|
Constantinople massacre
|
1821
|
Constantinople
|
unknown
|
Ottoman government
|
Greeks
|
Greek Orthodox Patriarch Gregory V and other notables were executed.
|
Massacres of Badr Khan
|
1840
|
Hakkari
|
10,000
|
Kurdish Emirs of Buhtan, Badr Khan and Nurullah
|
Assyrians.
|
Many who were not killed were sold into slavery. 1826 Janissaries massacred by government (link to Auspicious Incident)
|
Hamidian massacres
|
1894–1896
|
Eastern Ottoman Empire
|
100,000–300,000
|
Ottoman Empire Hamidiye, Turkish, Kurdish tribes
|
Armenians
|
|
Massacres of Diyarbakır (1895)
|
1895
|
Diyarbakır Vilayet
|
25,000
|
Young Turks and Kurdish irregulars
|
Armenians and Assyrians
|
|
Adana massacre
|
April 1909
|
Adana Vilayet
|
15,000–30,000
|
local Turkish nationalist activist, conservative reactionary to Young Turk government
|
Armenians
|
|
Ethnic cleansing of Turks in Edirne during First Balkan War
|
October 1912-June 1913
|
Edirne Vilayet
|
5,000 (excluding Edeköy Massacre)
|
Bulgarian army
|
Turks
|
|
Edeköy Massacre
|
November 1912
|
Edeköy (nowadays Kadıdondurma) in Edirne Vilayet
|
Thousands
|
Bulgarian army
|
Turks
|
Many incidents of torture and robbery
|
Ethnic cleansing of Thracian Bulgarians
|
Summer 1913
|
Edirne Vilayet
|
50,000–60,000
|
Young Turk government
|
Bulgarians
|
|
World War I (1914–1918)
Name
|
Date
|
Location
|
Deaths
|
Responsible Party
|
Victims
|
Notes
|
Greek genocide
|
1913–1922
|
Ottoman Empire
|
500,000–900,000
|
Young Turk government
|
Greeks
|
Reports detail systematic massacres, deportations, individual killings, rapes, burning of entire Greek villages, destruction of Greek Orthodox churches and monasteries, drafts for "Labor Brigades", looting, terrorism and other atrocities
|
Assyrian genocide
|
1914–1918
|
Ottoman Empire
|
270,000–750,000
|
Young Turk government and Kurdish tribes
|
Assyrians
|
Denied by the Turkish government
|
Armenian Genocide
|
1915–1918
|
Ottoman Empire
|
850,000–1,800,000
|
Young Turk government and Kurdish tribes
|
Armenians
|
The Armenians of the eastern regions of the empire were systematically massacred. The Turkish government currently denies the genocide. Considered the first modern genocide by scholars. It is the second most studied case of genocide after the Holocaust.
|
Massacres in the Çoruh River valley
|
1916
|
Çoruh River valley
|
45,000
|
Cossack regiments
|
Muslim population
|
During WWI, Russian "General Liakhov, for instance 'accused the Muslims of treachery, and sent his Cossacks from Batum with orders to kill every native at sight, and burn every village and every mosque. And very efficiently had they performed their task, for as we passed up the Chorokh valley to Artvin not a single habitable dwelling or a single living creature did we see.'"
|
Massacres in Erzincan and Erzurum
|
1918
|
Erzincan and Erzerum
|
8000-10,000
|
Hinchag, Tashnak and Armenagan
|
Muslim population
|
|
Post-World War I (1919–1923)
Main article: List of massacres during the Greco-Turkish War (1919–22)
Name
|
Date
|
Location
|
Deaths
|
Responsible Party
|
Victims
|
Notes
|
Kozan Massacre
|
1920
|
Camili and İmamoğlu
|
Unknown
|
Armenians
|
Turkish civilians
|
Occurred during Kaç Kaç incident
|
Republic of Turkey (1923–present)
Name
|
Date
|
Location
|
Deaths
|
Responsible Party
|
Victims
|
Notes
|
Zilan massacre
|
July 1930
|
Van Province
|
4,500–15,000
|
Turkish security forces
|
Sunni Kurds
|
5,000 women, children, and elderly people were reportedly killed
|
1934 Thrace pogroms
|
21 June-4 July 1934
|
Thrace
|
1
|
Government forces
|
Jews
|
Over 15.000 Jews had to flee from region
|
Suppression of the Dersim rebellion
|
Summer 1937-Spring 1938
|
Tunceli Province
|
7,594–13,806
|
Turkish security forces
|
Alevi Kurds
|
The killings have been condemned by some as an ethnocide or genocide
|
Zini Gediği Massacre
|
6 August 1938
|
Erzincan Province
|
95
|
Turkish villagers
|
Kurdish villagers
|
|
33 Bullet Massacre
|
July 1943
|
Van Province
|
32
|
Soldiers
|
Turkish villagers
|
33 Turkish villagers were extrajudicially executed by General Mustafa Muğlalı for smuggling livestock, one of them escaped.
|
Istanbul pogrom
|
6–7 September 1955
|
Istanbul
|
13–30
|
Turkish government
|
primarily Greeks, as well as Armenians
|
The killings are identified as genocidal by Alfred-Maurice de Zayas. Many of the minorities, mostly Greek Christians, forced to leave Turkey. Several churches are demolished by explosives.
|
Taksim Square massacre
|
May 1, 1977
|
Taksim Square in Istanbul
|
34-42
|
Unknown
|
Leftist demonstrators
|
|
Ümraniye Massacre
|
March 1978
|
Ümraniye in Istanbul
|
5
|
TKP
|
Workers
|
|
Beyazıt massacre
|
March 16, 1978
|
Istanbul
|
7 university students killed, 41 injured ,
|
Grey Wolves, Turkish Police, Deep State
|
Leftist university students
|
Cemil Sönmez, Baki Ekiz, Hatice Özen, Abdullah Şimşek, Murat Kurt, Hamdi Akıl and Turan Ören were killed and 41 others were injured by a bomb that was followed by gunfire March 16, 1978.
|
Bahçelievler massacre
|
October 9, 1978
|
Bahçelievler, Ankara
|
7
|
Neo-fascists
|
Leftist students
|
|
Maraş massacre
|
December 19–26, 1978
|
Kahramanmaraş Province
|
109
|
Grey Wolves
|
Alevi Turks and Kurds
|
|
Piyangotepe Massacre
|
May 16, 1979
|
Keçiören in Ankara
|
7
|
Grey Wolves
|
Leftists
|
|
Çorum massacre
|
May–July, 1980
|
Çorum Province
|
57
|
Grey Wolves
|
Alevi Turks
|
|
Ortabağ massacre
|
January 23, 1987
|
Uludere in Şırnak Province
|
8 dead, 15
5 injured
|
PKK
|
Civilians
|
|
Pınarcık massacre
|
June 20, 1987
|
Pınarcık in Mardin Province
|
30
|
PKK (alleged) The Turkish army (alleged)
|
Kurdish civilians
|
|
Çevrimli Massacre
|
June 11, 1990
|
Güçlükonak in Şırnak Province
|
27 dead, 6 injured
|
PKK
|
Civilians
|
In the massacre, 27 people were killed, 12 were children and 7 were women. 4 village guards died in clashes with PKK members, 1 PKK member were killed.
|
Çetinkaya Store Massacre
|
December 25, 1991
|
Bakırköy in Istanbul
|
11 (14 injured)
|
PKK
|
Civilians
|
|
Yolaç Village Massacre
|
June 26, 1992
|
Amasya Province
|
10 (4 injured)
|
PKK
|
Civilians
|
|
Sivas massacre
(aka Madımak massacre)
|
July 2, 1993
|
Sivas, Turkey
|
37
|
Salafists
|
Alevi intellectuals
|
|
Başbağlar massacre
|
July 5, 1993
|
Başbağlar, near Erzincan
|
33
|
Turkish army/PKK (disputed)
|
Turkish civilians
|
|
Yavi massacre
|
October 25, 1993
|
Yavi, Çat, Erzurum Province
|
38
|
PKK
|
Turkish civilians
|
|
Kuşkonar massacre
|
March 23, 1994
|
Kuskonar, Sirnak
|
38
|
Turkish forces
|
Civilians of Kurdish origin
|
The government bombed and killed residents of villages who refused to join the government forces. The government spread pictures of dead children in newspapers and blamed the PKK. Turkey was condemned for carrying out the massacre of Kurdish civilians in the ECHR.
|
Gazi Quarter massacre
|
March 15, 1995
|
Istanbul and Ankara
|
23
|
Anonymous
|
Alevi Turks
|
More than 400 injured
|
Güçlükonak Massacre
|
February 15, 1996
|
Güçlükonak in Şırnak province
|
11
|
PKK
|
Civilians
|
|
Blue Bazaar Massacre
|
March 13, 1999
|
Istanbul
|
13 (5 injured)
|
PKK
|
Civilians
|
|
Operation Back to Life
|
December 19, 2000
|
Turkey
|
32 (Hundreds were injured)
|
Police forces and soldiers
|
Prisoners
|
Deaths include 30 prisoners and 2 soldiers
|
Zirve Publishing House Massacre
|
April 18, 2007
|
Malatya Province
|
3
|
Salafists
|
Christian civilians
|
Deaths include 1 German and 2 Turks
|
Mardin engagement ceremony massacre
|
May 4, 2009
|
Bilge, Mardin
|
44
|
Village guards
|
Civilians of Kurdish origin
|
Reuters said it was "one of the worst attacks involving civilians in Turkey's modern history", declaring that the scale of the attack had shocked the nation.
|
Roboski airstrike
|
December 28, 2011
|
Uludere, Sirnak
|
34
|
Turkish forces
|
Civilians of Kurdish origin
|
Warplanes killed villagers who had been involved in smuggling gasoline and cigarettes in the area, during an operation meant to target Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) rebels. The government gave no information about the facts.
|
2013 Reyhanlı car bombings
|
May 11, 2013
|
Hatay Province
|
52 (140 injured)
|
ISIS
|
|
|
2015 Diyarbakır rally bombings
|
June 5, 2015
|
Diyarbakır Province
|
5 (100+ to 400+ injured)
|
ISIS
|
People's Democratic Party supporters
|
Occurred before June 2015 Turkish general election
|
2015 Suruç bombing
|
July 20, 2015
|
Urfa, Şanlıurfa
|
33 killed, 104 were reported injured.
|
ISIS
|
Civilians students
|
|
2015 Ankara bombings
|
October 10, 2015
|
Ankara
|
109 civilians killed, 500+ were reported injured.
|
Unknown
|
Kurdish HDP party election rally for the parliamentary elections
|
|
March 2016 Ankara bombing
|
March 13, 2016
|
Ankara
|
37
|
PKK
|
Civilians
|
|
Dürümlü Massacre
|
May 12, 2016
|
Diyarbakır Province
|
16 dead, 23 injured
|
PKK
|
Civilians
|
|
2016 Atatürk Airport attack
|
June 28, 2016
|
Atatürk Airport, Istanbul
|
45
|
ISIS
|
Civilians
|
|
2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt
|
July 15–16, 2016
|
Turkey (Mainly Istanbul, Ankara, Malatya, Kars and Marmaris)
|
270–350
|
Turkish forces
|
Civilians and Military
|
|
August 2016 Gaziantep bombing
|
August 20, 2016
|
Gaziantep Province
|
57 (66 injured)
|
ISIS
|
Civilians
|
|
December 2016 Istanbul bombings
|
December 10, 2016
|
Istanbul
|
45
|
PKK
|
Police forces & civilians
|
|
2017 Istanbul nightclub attack
|
January 1, 2017
|
Istanbul
|
39
|
ISIS
|
Civilians
|
|
Gallery
-
Aftermath of the massacres at Erzurum (1895)
-
An Armenian town left pillaged and destroyed, during the Adana massacre
-
Photo taken after the Smyrna fire. The text inside indicates that the photo had been taken by representatives of the Red Cross in Smyrna
-
Armenian woman kneeling beside dead child in field "within sight of help and safety at Aleppo"
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{{cite web}} : Missing or empty |title= (help)
- "HURRIYET INTERNET". 2012-07-12. Archived from the original on 2012-07-12. Retrieved 2020-03-06.
- https://archive.today/20090504155744/http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=2484&tarih=15/05/2001. Archived from the original on 2009-05-04.
{{cite web}} : Missing or empty |title= (help)
- "Ana Sayfa". Milliyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 2020-03-06.
- "Reuters article" Reuters. Retrieved 4 May 2009
- "Blood feuds, gun violence plague Turkey's southeast". Reuters. 2009-05-05. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
- Akkoc, Raziye (2015-10-11). "Ankara bombing: Claims emerge that culprit could be brother of terrorist involved in previous atrocity".
- Haber, Internet (2016-05-15). "Diyarbakır patlamasını PKK üstlendi köylüleri suçladı!". https://www.internethaber.com/diyarbakir-patlamasini-pkk-ustlendi-koyluleri-sucladi-1593510h.htm (in Turkish). Retrieved 2020-03-08.
{{cite web}} : External link in |website= (help)
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