| Revision as of 22:54, 18 April 2020 editC.Fred (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Administrators277,774 edits Undid revision 951793460 by Sulaimankhail1 (talk) - it's handled in the prose aboveTag: Undo← Previous edit | Revision as of 09:10, 20 April 2020 edit undoAllahmuhammad Paktiawal (talk | contribs)3 editsm دلته د ایران جاسوسان زمونږ د هیواد د ژبو په اړه حیقت پټوی زمونږه هیواد افغانستان دی چی پښتو.او دری ژبی لری لمړی ژبه پښتو ده چی 75% ویونکیې لری بیا دری ده چی 25% وینکی لری هیله کوم ګوګله چی حق حقدار ته وسپارۍTags: nowiki added Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web editNext edit → | ||
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| {{Languages of | |||
| |country = ] | |||
| |image = Afghanistan's Ethnolinguistic Map.png | |||
| |caption = ] ] in 1997 | |||
| |official = ] and ]<ref name=AO/> | |||
| |regional = ], ], ], ], ], ] | |||
| |sign = ] | |||
| }} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] is a multilingual country in which two languages – ] and ] – are both ] and most widely spoken.<ref name=AO/> | |||
| Dari is the official name of the variety of ] spoken in Afghanistan. It is often referred to as the ''Afghan Persian''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=prs |title=Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: prs |publisher=Sil.org |date=18 January 2010 |accessdate=December 5, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2098.html?countryName=Afghanistan&countryCode=af®ionCode=sas&#af |title=The World Factbook: Afghanistan |publisher=Cia.gov |accessdate=December 5, 2014}}</ref> Although still widely known as ''Farsi'' (]: فارسی; "Persian") to its native speakers, the name was officially changed to Dari in 1964 by the Afghan government.<ref name="Kaboli">R. Farhadi and J. R. Perry, , ], Online Edition, originally in Vol. XV, Fasc. 3, pp. 276–280, 2009.</ref> | |||
| According to CIA Official Website in 2017 Afghan Persian or Dari (official) (]) 27 million (77%) ({{small|] + ]}}) (functions as the lingua franca), ] 16.8 million (48%) and Uzbek 11%, English 6%, Turkmen 3%, Urdu 3%, Pashayi 1%, Nuristani 1%, Arabic 1%, Balochi 1% (2017 est). Data represent most widely spoken languages; shares sum to more than 100% because there is much bilingualism in the country and because respondents were allowed to select more than one language. The Turkic languages Uzbek and Turkmen, as well as Balochi, Pashayi, Nuristani, and Pamiri are the third official languages in areas where the majority speaks them.<ref>https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/af.html</ref> | |||
| Afghanistan tow languages Pashto(pakhto پښتو پشتو پختو and Dari] is a multilingual country in which two languages – ] and ] – are both ] and most widely spoken.<ref name=AO/> | |||
| <nowiki>#</nowiki>Pashto 66million Dari 12 million and balochi uzbaki turkmani | |||
| Minor languages include ],<ref name="WahabYoungerman2007">{{cite book|last1=Wahab|first1=Shaista|last2=Youngerman|first2=Barry|title=A Brief History of Afghanistan|year=2007|publisher=Infobase Publishing|language=English|isbn=9781438108193|page=18|quote=Afghan Hindus and Sikhs speak Hindi or Punjabi in addition to Pashto and Dari.}}</ref> ], ], ], ] and ], ] (], ], ] and ]), ], ], Qizilbash, Aimaq, and Pashai and ]. Linguist ] believes that Afghanistan is home to more than 40 minor languages,<ref>]: ''Sprachen-Almanach – Zahlen und Fakten zu allen Sprachen der Welt.'' Campus-Verl., Frankfurt/Main 2002, {{ISBN|3-593-36572-3}}, S.273–274; Afghanistan</ref> with around 200 different dialects. | |||
| == Overview == | == Overview == | ||
Revision as of 09:10, 20 April 2020
Afghanistan tow languages Pashto(pakhto پښتو پشتو پختو and DariAfghanistan is a multilingual country in which two languages – Dari and Pashto – are both official and most widely spoken.
#Pashto 66million Dari 12 million and balochi uzbaki turkmani
Overview
The Persian or Dari language functions as the nation's lingua franca and is the native tongue of various Afghanistan's ethnic groups including the Tajiks, Hazaras and Aimaqs. Pashto is the native tongue of the Pashtuns, the dominant ethnic group in Afghanistan. Due to Afghanistan's multi-ethnic character, multilingualism is a common phenomenon.
The exact figures about the size and composition of the various ethnolinguistic groups are unavailable since no systematic census has been held in Afghanistan in decades. The table below displays the major languages spoken in Afghanistan per sample statistics:
| Language | 2006 (as L1) (out of 6,226) |
2006 (as L2) (out of 6,226) |
2013 (out of 9,260) |
2018 (out of 13,943) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pashto | 38% | 6% | 35% | 41% |
| Dari | 52% | 26% | 48% | 51% |
| Uzbek | 7% | 2% | 9% | 8% |
| Turkmen | 2% | 3% | 3% | 3% |
| Balochi | 0% | 0% | 1% | 1% |
| Pashayi | 0% | 1% | 1% | 1% |
| Nuristani | N/A | N/A | 1% | 1% |
| Arabic | 0% | 2% | 1% | 1% |
| English | 0% | 8% | 5% | 6% |
| Urdu | 0% | 7% | 2% | 3% |
A sizeable population in Afghanistan, especially in Kabul, can also speak and understand Hindustani due to the popularity and influence of Bollywood films and songs in the region.
Language policy
The official languages of the country are Dari and Pashto, as established by the 1964 Constitution of Afghanistan. Dari is the most widely spoken language of Afghanistan's official languages and acts as a lingua franca for the country. In 1980, other regional languages were granted official status in the regions where they are the language of the majority. This policy was codified in the 2004 Afghan Constitution, which established Uzbek, Turkmen, Balochi, Pashayi, Nuristani and Pamiri as a third official language in areas where they are spoken by a majority of the population.
See also
References
- ^ "What Languages are Spoken in Afghanistan?". 2004. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
Pashto and Dari are the official languages of the state. are – in addition to Pashto and Dari – the third official language in areas where the majority speaks them
- "Languages of Afghanistan". Encyclopædia Britannica.
- "Ethnic groups". BBC News. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
Pashtun: Estimated to be in excess of 45% of the population, the Pashtuns have been the most dominant ethnic group in Afghanistan.
- O'toole, Pam (October 6, 2004). "Afghan poll's ethnic battleground". BBC News. Retrieved 2010-09-16.
- ^ The Asia Foundation. Afghanistan in 2006: A Survey of the Afghan People.
- The Asia Foundation. Afghanistan in 2013: A Survey of the Afghan People.
- The Asia Foundation. Afghanistan in 2018: A Survey of the Afghan People.
- Hakala, Walter N. (2012). "Languages as a Key to Understanding Afghanistan's Cultures" (PDF). National Geographic. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
In the 1980s and '90s, at least three million Afghans--mostly Pashtun--fled to Pakistan, where a substantial number spent several years being exposed to Hindi- and Urdu-language media, especially Bollywood films and songs, and beng educated in Urdu-language schools, both of which contributed to the decline of Dari, even among urban Pashtuns.
- Krishnamurthy, Rajeshwari (28 June 2013). "Kabul Diary: Discovering the Indian connection". Gateway House: Indian Council on Global Relations. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
Most Afghans in Kabul understand and/or speak Hindi, thanks to the popularity of Indian cinema in the country.
- "AFGHANISTAN v. Languages". Ch. M. Kieffer. Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
A. Official languages. Paṧtō (1) is the native tongue of 50 to 55 percent of Afghans... Persian (2) is the language most spoken in Afghanistan. The native tongue of twenty five percent of the population, it is split into numerous dialects.
Further reading
External links
| Languages of Afghanistan | ||
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| Official languages | ||
| Regional languages | ||
| Minority languages | ||
| Sign languages | ||
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| Contemporary languages |
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| Scripts |
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