| Revision as of 11:11, 11 June 2020 editAntiFascistAction (talk | contribs)12 edits →HistoryTag: Visual edit← Previous edit | Revision as of 20:55, 11 June 2020 edit undo2a02:c7f:de5f:3200:d8e0:3e6:8385:5f6d (talk) Not in the sources referenced. Please stick to the info in the books and news articles, and avoid what can only be found in self-published sourcesTags: Undo references removedNext edit → | ||
| Line 59: | Line 59: | ||
| | language = ko | | language = ko | ||
| | access-date = 5 July 2018 | | access-date = 5 July 2018 | ||
| }}</ref><ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107204717/http://city.corriere.it/pdf/supplementi/Summer.pdf |date=7 November 2011 }} Retrieved 22 December 2010</ref><ref>Tom Cutler (3 May 2011). . Penguin. pp. 137-138. {{ISBN|978-0-399-53669-4}}. Retrieved 22 November 2011.</ref><ref>Tom Gillespie (9 July 2014). " {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010212825/http://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/news/11329148.Leader_of__independent_micronation__in_Carshalton_donates_land_to_Renasia/ |date=2017-10-10 }}". ] Retrieved 10 October 2017.</ref><ref>Travis Elborough (31 August 2016). "". ] Retrieved 10 October 2017.</ref><ref>Mislan D.B., Streich P. (2019) To the Sea! Sealand and Other Wannabe States. In: ''Weird IR: Deviant Cases in International Relations'' Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. pp. 15-28. {{ISBN|978-3-319-75555-7}} |
}}</ref><ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107204717/http://city.corriere.it/pdf/supplementi/Summer.pdf |date=7 November 2011 }} Retrieved 22 December 2010</ref><ref>Tom Cutler (3 May 2011). . Penguin. pp. 137-138. {{ISBN|978-0-399-53669-4}}. Retrieved 22 November 2011.</ref><ref>Tom Gillespie (9 July 2014). " {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010212825/http://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/news/11329148.Leader_of__independent_micronation__in_Carshalton_donates_land_to_Renasia/ |date=2017-10-10 }}". ] Retrieved 10 October 2017.</ref><ref>Travis Elborough (31 August 2016). "". ] Retrieved 10 October 2017.</ref><ref>Mislan D.B., Streich P. (2019) To the Sea! Sealand and Other Wannabe States. In: ''Weird IR: Deviant Cases in International Relations'' Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. pp. 15-28. {{ISBN|978-3-319-75555-7}}</ref> | ||
| == History == | == History == | ||
| ⚫ | Austenasia was founded on 20 September 2008 by Jonathan Austen (born 1994), a student, and his father Terry Austen (born 1961), a security guard turned gardener. After sending a declaration of independence for their house in ] to their local Member of Parliament, ], Terry was named Emperor and Jonathan was named Prime Minister. Terry abdicated in February 2010, and was succeeded by Emperor Esmond III, who after a "civil war" and various internal disputes was replaced by a new leader, Declan MacDonagh, in December later that year. Jonathan then became emperor after Declan abdicated in January 2013 for personal reasons,<ref name="Your Local Guardian 2015">{{cite web | ||
| === Declaration of independance and Terry I's reign (2008-2010) === | |||
| ⚫ | Austenasia was founded on 20 September 2008 by Jonathan Austen (born 1994), a student, and his father Terry Austen (born 1961), a security guard turned gardener. After sending a declaration of independence for their house in ] to their local Member of Parliament, ], Terry was named Emperor and Jonathan was named Prime Minister. |
||
| In 2009, a square foot of land in the Scottish Highlands owned by the Austen family was annexed by the Empire<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=https://micronations.wiki/Glencrannog|url=https://micronations.wiki/Glencrannog|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>. | |||
| === Esmond III's reign and Civil War (2010-2011) === | |||
| Terry I abdicated in 2010, leaving the throne to Crown Prince Jonathan. However, Jonathan refused to accept it so that he could remain Prime Minister. This led to a succession crisis, in which some believed that the Emperor was now Esmond III and some thought it to be Jonathan's sister Caroline. The result was a civil war, which the "Esmondians" won<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=https://micronations.wiki/Austenasian_Civil_War|url=https://micronations.wiki/Austenasian_Civil_War|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>. However, after just over a t year as Emperor, Esmond was forced to abdicate in 2011 in favour of co-monarch Declan I. | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| === Jonathan I's reign an expansion (2013-) === | |||
| Jonathan then became emperor after Declan abdicated in January 2013 for personal reasons,<ref name="Your Local Guardian 2015">{{cite web | |||
| | title = Young Reporter: Micronation Emperor Celebrates | | title = Young Reporter: Micronation Emperor Celebrates | ||
| | website = Your Local Guardian | | website = Your Local Guardian | ||
| Line 80: | Line 68: | ||
| | url = http://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/yoursay/schools/11763674.Young_Reporter__Micronation_Emperor_Celebrates/ | | url = http://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/yoursay/schools/11763674.Young_Reporter__Micronation_Emperor_Celebrates/ | ||
| | access-date = 5 July 2018 | | access-date = 5 July 2018 | ||
| }}</ref> and began a program of expansion which has seen people from across the world join the micronation by claiming properties which they live in or regularly visit. |
}}</ref> and began a program of expansion which has seen people from across the world join the micronation by claiming properties which they live in or regularly visit. The micronation has been featured in several local and international publications, and has a certain amount of fame within ] as being a local "quirk".<ref>Cutler, 2011</ref><ref name="Murphy-Pyle 2013">{{cite web | ||
| | last = Murphy-Pyle | |||
| | first = Mike | |||
| | title = Expanding empire celebrates new leader's coronation | |||
| | website = Sutton Guardian | |||
| | date = 26 February 2013 | |||
| | url = http://www.suttonguardian.co.uk/news/10251322.Expanding_empire_celebrates_new_leader_s_coronation | |||
| | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140226171143/http://www.suttonguardian.co.uk/news/10251322.Expanding_empire_celebrates_new_leader_s_coronation | |||
| | archive-date = 26 February 2013 | |||
| | url-status = live | |||
| | access-date = 5 July 2018 | |||
| }}</ref><ref>Eduardo González, 13 September 2015. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010210827/http://sabemos.es/2015/09/13/en-austenasia-no-se-pone-el-sol_6664/ |date=10 October 2017 }}. Sabemos. Retrieved on 10 October 2017.</ref> | |||
| The micronation produced and sold commemorative coins in 2018 in celebration of its tenth anniversary.<ref>{{cite web | |||
| | author = Wright, T. | | author = Wright, T. | ||
| | title = Germany's New Mini-Reichs | | title = Germany's New Mini-Reichs | ||
| Line 89: | Line 89: | ||
| }}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | Jonathan met with Tom Brake MP in May 2011, who contacted Foreign Secretary ] to enquire about the criteria by which the UK recognises new states on Jonathan's behalf.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228044404/http://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/local/suttonnews/9263842.Carshalton__micronation__pushes_for_independence/ |date=28 February 2014 }} Retrieved on 22 November 2011</ref> | ||
| In 2019, the Austenasian city of New Richmond, along with the towns of Augusta and Terentia, peacefully seceded from the Empire as the Commonwealth of New Virginia<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=https://micronations.wiki/Commonwealth_of_New_Virginia|url=https://micronations.wiki/Commonwealth_of_New_Virginia|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>. | |||
| == Geography == | == Geography == | ||
Revision as of 20:55, 11 June 2020
51°22′53.2″N 0°10′18.5″W / 51.381444°N 0.171806°W / 51.381444; -0.171806
| Empire of AustenasiaMicronation | |
|---|---|
Flag
Coat of arms
| |
| Motto: IMPERATOR ET POPVLVS AVSTENASIÆThe Emperor and People of Austenasia | |
| Anthem: God Save the Emperor | |
 British claims of Austenasia | |
| Status | Current |
| Capital | "Wrythe" (in Carshalton) |
| Official languages | English |
| Demonym(s) | Austenasian |
| Organizational structure | Monarchy |
| • Emperor | Jonathan I (Jonathan Austen) |
| • Prime Minister | Lord John Gordon |
| Establishment | |
| • Declared | 20 September 2008 |
| Area claimed | |
| • Total | 0.2327 km (0.0898 sq mi) |
| Membership | 84 |
| Purported currency | Pound sterling (£) |
The Empire of Austenasia is a micronation and self-declared sovereign state based in the United Kingdom. Formed in 2008, it operates under the constitutional monarchy of its self-styled Emperor, Jonathan Austen, and comprises twenty-four properties that have declared themselves independent under the leadership of a house in south London.
History
Austenasia was founded on 20 September 2008 by Jonathan Austen (born 1994), a student, and his father Terry Austen (born 1961), a security guard turned gardener. After sending a declaration of independence for their house in Carshalton to their local Member of Parliament, Tom Brake, Terry was named Emperor and Jonathan was named Prime Minister. Terry abdicated in February 2010, and was succeeded by Emperor Esmond III, who after a "civil war" and various internal disputes was replaced by a new leader, Declan MacDonagh, in December later that year. Jonathan then became emperor after Declan abdicated in January 2013 for personal reasons, and began a program of expansion which has seen people from across the world join the micronation by claiming properties which they live in or regularly visit. The micronation has been featured in several local and international publications, and has a certain amount of fame within Carshalton as being a local "quirk". The micronation produced and sold commemorative coins in 2018 in celebration of its tenth anniversary.
Jonathan met with Tom Brake MP in May 2011, who contacted Foreign Secretary William Hague to enquire about the criteria by which the UK recognises new states on Jonathan's behalf.
Geography
Austenasia claims several properties around the world, variously classified as "cities", "towns", "territories" or "crown dependencies". Wrythe, the micronation's "capital city", consists of a suburban house in the London Borough of Sutton. Several other British houses are also claimed, and other territorial claims include part of a university campus in Australia and a holiday home in the Hebrides. The micronation also has claims in the United States, Turkey, India, Algeria, and other nations.
See also
References
- Empire of Austenasia 29 February 2020.
- Barnes, Kevin (15 June 2011). "Carshalton home declares itself independent state". suttonguardian.co.uk. Archived from the original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
- AOL (4 October 2011). "Join the List of 5 Weirdest Micronations by Starting Your Own Country - Asylum.com". Asylum. Archived from the original on 4 October 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
- "[조선일보 창간 90주년 특집] [2030 미래를 가다] [3] 나홀로 만든 국가, 사고 팔고 대여한다". 1등 인터넷뉴스 조선닷컴 (in Korean). 12 June 2018. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
- City – Summer 2009 (Page 97) Archived 7 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 22 December 2010
- Tom Cutler (3 May 2011). The Gentleman's Bedside Companion: A Compendium of Manly Information for the Last Fifteen Minutes of the Day. Penguin. pp. 137-138. ISBN 978-0-399-53669-4. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
- Tom Gillespie (9 July 2014). "Leader of 'independent micronation' in Carshalton donates land to Renasia Archived 2017-10-10 at the Wayback Machine". Telegraph & Argus Retrieved 10 October 2017.
- Travis Elborough (31 August 2016). "Curiocity review – a love letter to London". The Guardian Retrieved 10 October 2017.
- Mislan D.B., Streich P. (2019) To the Sea! Sealand and Other Wannabe States. In: Weird IR: Deviant Cases in International Relations Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. pp. 15-28. ISBN 978-3-319-75555-7
- "Young Reporter: Micronation Emperor Celebrates". Your Local Guardian. 15 January 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
- Cutler, 2011
- Murphy-Pyle, Mike (26 February 2013). "Expanding empire celebrates new leader's coronation". Sutton Guardian. Archived from the original on 26 February 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch; 26 February 2014 suggested (help) - Eduardo González, 13 September 2015. "En Austenasia no se pone el Sol" Archived 10 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Sabemos. Retrieved on 10 October 2017.
- Wright, T. (22 June 2019). "Germany's New Mini-Reichs". Los Angeles Review of Books. Retrieved 29 February 2020.
- Your Local Guardian: Carshalton "micronation" pushes for independence from Sutton Archived 28 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 22 November 2011
- Murphy-Pyle, 2013
- Territory Archived 18 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine – Empire of Austenasia website, retrieved 19 March 2013.
- Sonia Delesalle-Stolper, 19 August 2018. "Jonathan I, MicroBrexit". Libération. Retrieved on 21 August 2018.
- Prosaico, B. (14 June 2019). "¿El sueño de Guaidó? Micronaciones: imperios y reinos para autoproclamados". El Ciudadano.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 February 2020.
Further reading
- König, G.E. (2014). Von Austenasia bis Wikingland: Mikronationen und Scheinstaaten (in German). König, Buchverlag. ISBN 978-3-943210-64-4.
- Pagliarin, E. (2017). Micronazionalismo. Libertà, identità, indipendenza (in Italian). Youcanprint, Tricase. ISBN 978-8-892687-98-1.
External links
- Official website
- Austenasia (27 September 2013). "Empire of Austenasia". MicroWiki. Retrieved 5 July 2018.
