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	{{short description\|Alternative medicine and pseudoscience}}		{{short description\|Alternative medicine and pseudoscience}}
	{{Alternative medicine sidebar \|fringe}}		{{Alternative medicine sidebar \|fringe}}
	'''Functional medicine''' is a form of ] that encompasses a number of unproven and disproven methods and treatments.<ref name=sampson1/><ref name=Sampson2>{{cite web \|last=Sampson \|first=Wallace \|authorlink=Wallace Sampson \|title=Functional Medicine (FM) What Is It?\|url=http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/fuctional-medicine-fm-what-is-it/ \|work=Science Based Medicine \|accessdate=May 20, 2014 \|date=July 9, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|last= Pal \|first= SK \|title= Complementary and alternative medicine: An overview \|journal= ] \|volume= 82 \|issue= 5 \|pages= 518–24 \|date= March 2002 \|jstor= 24105958 }}</ref> Its proponents claim that it focuses on the "root causes" of diseases based on interactions between the environment and the gastrointestinal, endocrine, and immune systems to develop "individualized treatment plans".<ref name=Ehrlich>{{cite journal \|last1=Ehrlich \|first1=G \|first2=T \|last2=Callender \|first3=B \|last3=Gaster \|title=Integrative medicine at academic health centers: A survey of clinicians' educational backgrounds and practices \|journal=Family Medicine \|date=May 2013 \|volume=45 \|issue=5 \|pages=330–4 \|pmid=23681684 \|url= http://www.stfm.org/fmhub/fm2013/May/Gillian330.pdf \|accessdate= October 8, 2013}}</ref> It has been described as ],<ref>{{cite magazine \|url=https://www.skeptic.com/reading_room/why-functional-medicine-is-bogus/ \|title=Functional Medicine: Pseudoscientific Silliness \|last=Hall \|first=Harriet \|year=2017 \|magazine=Skeptic \|volume=22 \|issue=1 \|pages=4–5}}</ref> ],<ref name=quackademic>{{cite web \|website=Science–Based Medicine \|url= http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/quackademia-update-2014/ \|last= Gorski \|first=David \|authorlink= David Gorski \|title=Quackademia update: The Cleveland Clinic, George Washington University, and the continued infiltration of quackery into medical academia \|accessdate= 2016-12-02 \|date= September 29, 2014}}</ref> and at its essence a rebranding of complementary and alternative medicine.<ref name=quackademic/>		'''Functional medicine''' is a form of ] that encompasses a number of unproven and disproven methods and treatments.<ref name=sampson1/><ref name=Sampson2>{{cite web \|last=Sampson \|first=Wallace \|authorlink=Wallace Sampson \|title=Functional Medicine (FM) What Is It?\|url=http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/fuctional-medicine-fm-what-is-it/ \|work=Science Based Medicine \|accessdate=May 20, 2014 \|date=July 9, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|last= Pal \|first= SK \|title= Complementary and alternative medicine: An overview \|journal= ] \|volume= 82 \|issue= 5 \|pages= 518–24 \|date= March 2002 \|jstor= 24105958 }}</ref> Its proponents claim that it focuses on the "root causes" of diseases based on interactions between the environment and the gastrointestinal, endocrine, and immune systems to develop "individualized treatment plans".<ref name=Ehrlich>{{cite journal \|last1=Ehrlich \|first1=G \|first2=T \|last2=Callender \|first3=B \|last3=Gaster \|title=Integrative medicine at academic health centers: A survey of clinicians' educational backgrounds and practices \|journal=Family Medicine \|date=May 2013 \|volume=45 \|issue=5 \|pages=330–4 \|pmid=23681684 \|url= http://www.stfm.org/fmhub/fm2013/May/Gillian330.pdf \|accessdate= October 8, 2013}}</ref>

	In the US, functional medicine practices have been ruled ineligible for ]s by the ] because of concerns they may be harmful.<ref name=bel1/><ref name=bel2/>

	== Description ==		== Description ==
	The discipline of functional medicine is vaguely defined by its proponents.<ref name=quackademic/> Oncologist ] has written that the vagueness is a deliberate tactic, but that in general its practice centers on unnecessary and expensive testing procedures performed in the name of "holistic" health care.<ref name=gorski1016>{{cite web \|url=https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/functional-medicine-the-ultimate-misnomer-in-the-world-of-integrative-medicine/ \|title=Functional medicine: The ultimate misnomer in the world of integrative medicine \|last=Gorski \|first=David \| authorlink=David Gorski \|date=11 April 2016 \|website=Science Based Medicine}}</ref>		The discipline of functional medicine is vaguely defined by its proponents.<ref name=quackademic/> Oncologist ] has written that the vagueness is a deliberate tactic, but that in general its practice centers on unnecessary and expensive testing procedures performed in the name of "holistic" health care.<ref name=gorski1016>{{cite web \|url=https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/functional-medicine-the-ultimate-misnomer-in-the-world-of-integrative-medicine/ \|title=Functional medicine: The ultimate misnomer in the world of integrative medicine \|last=Gorski \|first=David \| authorlink=David Gorski \|date=11 April 2016 \|website=Science Based Medicine}}</ref>

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Alternative medicine and pseudoscience

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Functional medicine is a form of alternative medicine that encompasses a number of unproven and disproven methods and treatments. Its proponents claim that it focuses on the "root causes" of diseases based on interactions between the environment and the gastrointestinal, endocrine, and immune systems to develop "individualized treatment plans".

Description

The discipline of functional medicine is vaguely defined by its proponents. Oncologist David Gorski has written that the vagueness is a deliberate tactic, but that in general its practice centers on unnecessary and expensive testing procedures performed in the name of "holistic" health care.

Proponents of functional medicine oppose established medical knowledge and reject its models, instead adopting a model of disease based on the notion of "antecedents", "triggers", and "mediators". These are meant to correspond to the underlying causes, the immediate causes, and the particular characteristics of a person's illness respectively. A functional medicine practitioner will devise a "matrix" from these things which acts as a basis for treatment.

Treatments, practices, and concepts will generally be those not supported by medical evidence.

Institute for Functional Medicine

Institute for Functional Medicine
Founded	1991
Founder	Jeffrey Bland, PhD
Focus	"To serve the highest expression of individual health through the widespread adoption of functional medicine as the standard of care."
Method	Education, Research, Collaboration
Key people	Mark Hyman, MD, Chairman
Website	functionalmedicine.org

Functional medicine was invented by chemist Jeffrey Bland. He and Susan Bland founded the Institute for Functional Medicine in 1991 as a division of HealthComm. That year, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission said that Jeffrey Bland's corporations HealthComm and Nu-Day Enterprises had falsely advanced claims that their products could alter metabolism and induce weight loss. The FTC found that Bland and his companies violated that consent order in 1995 by making more exaggerated claims. The UltraClear dietary program was said to provide relief from gastrointestinal problems, inflammatory and immunologic problems, fatigue, food allergies, mercury exposure, kidney disorders, and rheumatoid arthritis. The companies were forced to pay a $45,000 civil penalty.

The opening of centers for functional medicine at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation and at George Washington University has been described by Gorski as an "unfortunate" example of pseudoscientific quackery infiltrating medical academia.

Reception

In 2014, the American Academy of Family Physicians withdrew granting of course credits for functional medicine courses, having identified some of its treatments as "harmful and dangerous" In 2018, it partly lifted the ban, but only to allow teaching an overview of functional medicine, not to teach its practice.

References

^ Sampson, Wallace (October 30, 2008). "Functional Medicine – New Kid on the Block". Science-Based Medicine.
Sampson, Wallace (July 9, 2009). "Functional Medicine (FM) What Is It?". Science Based Medicine. Retrieved May 20, 2014.
Pal, SK (March 2002). "Complementary and alternative medicine: An overview". Current Science. 82 (5): 518–24. JSTOR 24105958.
Ehrlich, G; Callender, T; Gaster, B (May 2013). "Integrative medicine at academic health centers: A survey of clinicians' educational backgrounds and practices" (PDF). Family Medicine. 45 (5): 330–4. PMID 23681684. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
^ Cite error: The named reference quackademic was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Gorski, David (11 April 2016). "Functional medicine: The ultimate misnomer in the world of integrative medicine". Science Based Medicine.
^ Knott L (6 February 2015). "Therapies and Theories Outside Traditional Medicine". Patient. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
"Our Mission". December 2014.
Leyton E (2006). "Functional medicine". Can Fam Physician. 52 (12): 1540. PMC 1783750. PMID 17279230.
^ Barrett, Stephen (September 11, 2013). "Some Notes on Jeffrey Bland and Metagenics". Quackwatch. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
"Founders". www.functionalmedicine.org. Institute for Functional Medicine. n.d. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
Bellamy J (26 October 2017). "AAFP: Functional Medicine lacks supporting evidence; includes 'harmful' and 'dangerous' treatments". Science-Based-Medicine.
Bellamy J (27 October 2018). "AAFP should publish research behind finding that functional medicine lacks evidence, contains harmful and dangerous practices". Science-Based-Medicine.

Revision as of 16:10, 22 June 2020 editMusikBot (talk \| contribs)Edit filter helpers, Bots, Mass message senders209,270 editsm Removing protection templates from unprotected page (more info)← Previous edit		Revision as of 19:16, 29 June 2020 edit undo108.79.236.190 (talk)No edit summaryTag: references removedNext edit →
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{short description\|Alternative medicine and pseudoscience}}		{{short description\|Alternative medicine and pseudoscience}}
	{{Alternative medicine sidebar \|fringe}}		{{Alternative medicine sidebar \|fringe}}
	'''Functional medicine''' is a form of ] that encompasses a number of unproven and disproven methods and treatments.<ref name=sampson1/><ref name=Sampson2>{{cite web \|last=Sampson \|first=Wallace \|authorlink=Wallace Sampson \|title=Functional Medicine (FM) What Is It?\|url=http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/fuctional-medicine-fm-what-is-it/ \|work=Science Based Medicine \|accessdate=May 20, 2014 \|date=July 9, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|last= Pal \|first= SK \|title= Complementary and alternative medicine: An overview \|journal= ] \|volume= 82 \|issue= 5 \|pages= 518–24 \|date= March 2002 \|jstor= 24105958 }}</ref> Its proponents claim that it focuses on the "root causes" of diseases based on interactions between the environment and the gastrointestinal, endocrine, and immune systems to develop "individualized treatment plans".<ref name=Ehrlich>{{cite journal \|last1=Ehrlich \|first1=G \|first2=T \|last2=Callender \|first3=B \|last3=Gaster \|title=Integrative medicine at academic health centers: A survey of clinicians' educational backgrounds and practices \|journal=Family Medicine \|date=May 2013 \|volume=45 \|issue=5 \|pages=330–4 \|pmid=23681684 \|url= http://www.stfm.org/fmhub/fm2013/May/Gillian330.pdf \|accessdate= October 8, 2013}}</ref> It has been described as ],<ref>{{cite magazine \|url=https://www.skeptic.com/reading_room/why-functional-medicine-is-bogus/ \|title=Functional Medicine: Pseudoscientific Silliness \|last=Hall \|first=Harriet \|year=2017 \|magazine=Skeptic \|volume=22 \|issue=1 \|pages=4–5}}</ref> ],<ref name=quackademic>{{cite web \|website=Science–Based Medicine \|url= http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/quackademia-update-2014/ \|last= Gorski \|first=David \|authorlink= David Gorski \|title=Quackademia update: The Cleveland Clinic, George Washington University, and the continued infiltration of quackery into medical academia \|accessdate= 2016-12-02 \|date= September 29, 2014}}</ref> and at its essence a rebranding of complementary and alternative medicine.<ref name=quackademic/>		'''Functional medicine''' is a form of ] that encompasses a number of unproven and disproven methods and treatments.<ref name=sampson1/><ref name=Sampson2>{{cite web \|last=Sampson \|first=Wallace \|authorlink=Wallace Sampson \|title=Functional Medicine (FM) What Is It?\|url=http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/fuctional-medicine-fm-what-is-it/ \|work=Science Based Medicine \|accessdate=May 20, 2014 \|date=July 9, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|last= Pal \|first= SK \|title= Complementary and alternative medicine: An overview \|journal= ] \|volume= 82 \|issue= 5 \|pages= 518–24 \|date= March 2002 \|jstor= 24105958 }}</ref> Its proponents claim that it focuses on the "root causes" of diseases based on interactions between the environment and the gastrointestinal, endocrine, and immune systems to develop "individualized treatment plans".<ref name=Ehrlich>{{cite journal \|last1=Ehrlich \|first1=G \|first2=T \|last2=Callender \|first3=B \|last3=Gaster \|title=Integrative medicine at academic health centers: A survey of clinicians' educational backgrounds and practices \|journal=Family Medicine \|date=May 2013 \|volume=45 \|issue=5 \|pages=330–4 \|pmid=23681684 \|url= http://www.stfm.org/fmhub/fm2013/May/Gillian330.pdf \|accessdate= October 8, 2013}}</ref>

	In the US, functional medicine practices have been ruled ineligible for ]s by the ] because of concerns they may be harmful.<ref name=bel1/><ref name=bel2/>

	== Description ==		== Description ==
	The discipline of functional medicine is vaguely defined by its proponents.<ref name=quackademic/> Oncologist ] has written that the vagueness is a deliberate tactic, but that in general its practice centers on unnecessary and expensive testing procedures performed in the name of "holistic" health care.<ref name=gorski1016>{{cite web \|url=https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/functional-medicine-the-ultimate-misnomer-in-the-world-of-integrative-medicine/ \|title=Functional medicine: The ultimate misnomer in the world of integrative medicine \|last=Gorski \|first=David \| authorlink=David Gorski \|date=11 April 2016 \|website=Science Based Medicine}}</ref>		The discipline of functional medicine is vaguely defined by its proponents.<ref name=quackademic/> Oncologist ] has written that the vagueness is a deliberate tactic, but that in general its practice centers on unnecessary and expensive testing procedures performed in the name of "holistic" health care.<ref name=gorski1016>{{cite web \|url=https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/functional-medicine-the-ultimate-misnomer-in-the-world-of-integrative-medicine/ \|title=Functional medicine: The ultimate misnomer in the world of integrative medicine \|last=Gorski \|first=David \| authorlink=David Gorski \|date=11 April 2016 \|website=Science Based Medicine}}</ref>

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