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| {{short description|Alternative medicine and pseudoscience}} | {{short description|Alternative medicine and pseudoscience}} | ||
| {{Alternative medicine sidebar |fringe}} | {{Alternative medicine sidebar |fringe}} | ||
| '''WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL MEDICINE?''' | |||
| '''Functional medicine''' is a form of ] that encompasses a number of unproven and disproven methods and treatments.<ref name=sampson1/><ref name=Sampson2>{{cite web |last=Sampson |first=Wallace |authorlink=Wallace Sampson |title=Functional Medicine (FM) What Is It?|url=http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/fuctional-medicine-fm-what-is-it/ |work=Science Based Medicine |accessdate=May 20, 2014 |date=July 9, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last= Pal |first= SK |title= Complementary and alternative medicine: An overview |journal= ] |volume= 82 |issue= 5 |pages= 518–24 |date= March 2002 |jstor= 24105958 }}</ref> Its proponents claim that it focuses on the "root causes" of diseases based on interactions between the environment and the gastrointestinal, endocrine, and immune systems to develop "individualized treatment plans".<ref name=Ehrlich>{{cite journal |last1=Ehrlich |first1=G |first2=T |last2=Callender |first3=B |last3=Gaster |title=Integrative medicine at academic health centers: A survey of clinicians' educational backgrounds and practices |journal=Family Medicine |date=May 2013 |volume=45 |issue=5 |pages=330–4 |pmid=23681684 |url= http://www.stfm.org/fmhub/fm2013/May/Gillian330.pdf |accessdate= October 8, 2013}}</ref> It has been described as ],<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.skeptic.com/reading_room/why-functional-medicine-is-bogus/ |title=Functional Medicine: Pseudoscientific Silliness |last=Hall |first=Harriet |year=2017 |magazine=Skeptic |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=4–5}}</ref> ],<ref name=quackademic>{{cite web |website=Science–Based Medicine |url= http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/quackademia-update-2014/ |last= Gorski |first=David |authorlink= David Gorski |title=Quackademia update: The Cleveland Clinic, George Washington University, and the continued infiltration of quackery into medical academia |accessdate= 2016-12-02 |date= September 29, 2014}}</ref> and at its essence a rebranding of complementary and alternative medicine.<ref name=quackademic/> | |||
| '''The Functional Medicine Approach''' | |||
| In the US, functional medicine practices have been ruled ineligible for ]s by the ] because of concerns they may be harmful.<ref name=bel1/><ref name=bel2/> | |||
| '''Functional Medicine is a systems biology–based approach that focuses on identifying and addressing the root cause of disease. Each symptom or differential diagnosis may be one of many contributing to an individual’s illness.''' | |||
| '''As the graphic illustrates, a diagnosis can be the result of more than one cause. For example, depression can be caused by many different factors, including inflammation. Likewise, a cause such as inflammation may lead to a number of different diagnoses, including depression. The precise manifestation of each cause depends on the individual’s genes, environment, and lifestyle, and only treatments that address the right cause will have lasting benefit beyond symptom suppression. '''<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Functional Medicine? {{!}} IFM|url=https://www.ifm.org/functional-medicine/what-is-functional-medicine/|access-date=2020-07-13|website=The Institute for Functional Medicine|language=en}}</ref> | |||
| == Description == | == Description == | ||
| The discipline of functional medicine is vaguely defined by its proponents.<ref name=quackademic/> Oncologist ] has written that the vagueness is a deliberate tactic, but that in general its practice centers on unnecessary and expensive testing procedures performed in the name of "holistic" health care.<ref name=gorski1016>{{cite web |url=https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/functional-medicine-the-ultimate-misnomer-in-the-world-of-integrative-medicine/ |title=Functional medicine: The ultimate misnomer in the world of integrative medicine |last=Gorski |first=David | authorlink=David Gorski |date=11 April 2016 |website=Science Based Medicine}}</ref> | The discipline of functional medicine is vaguely defined by its proponents.<ref name="quackademic">{{cite web|last=Gorski|first=David|authorlink=David Gorski|date=September 29, 2014|title=Quackademia update: The Cleveland Clinic, George Washington University, and the continued infiltration of quackery into medical academia|url=http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/quackademia-update-2014/|accessdate=2016-12-02|website=Science–Based Medicine}}</ref> Oncologist ] has written that the vagueness is a deliberate tactic, but that in general its practice centers on unnecessary and expensive testing procedures performed in the name of "holistic" health care.<ref name=gorski1016>{{cite web |url=https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/functional-medicine-the-ultimate-misnomer-in-the-world-of-integrative-medicine/ |title=Functional medicine: The ultimate misnomer in the world of integrative medicine |last=Gorski |first=David | authorlink=David Gorski |date=11 April 2016 |website=Science Based Medicine}}</ref> | ||
| Proponents of functional medicine oppose established medical knowledge and reject its models, instead adopting a model of disease based on the notion of "antecedents", "triggers", and "mediators".<ref name=patient/> These are meant to correspond to the underlying causes, the immediate causes, and the particular characteristics of a person's illness respectively.<ref name=patient>{{Cite journal|journal=Patient |title=Therapies and Theories Outside Traditional Medicine |accessdate=11 December 2015 |author=Knott L |url=http://patient.info/doctor/therapies-and-theories-outside-traditional-medicine |date=6 February 2015}}</ref> A functional medicine practitioner will devise a "matrix" from these things which acts as a basis for treatment.<ref name=patient/> | Proponents of functional medicine oppose established medical knowledge and reject its models, instead adopting a model of disease based on the notion of "antecedents", "triggers", and "mediators".<ref name=patient/> These are meant to correspond to the underlying causes, the immediate causes, and the particular characteristics of a person's illness respectively.<ref name=patient>{{Cite journal|journal=Patient |title=Therapies and Theories Outside Traditional Medicine |accessdate=11 December 2015 |author=Knott L |url=http://patient.info/doctor/therapies-and-theories-outside-traditional-medicine |date=6 February 2015}}</ref> A functional medicine practitioner will devise a "matrix" from these things which acts as a basis for treatment.<ref name=patient/> | ||
Revision as of 03:48, 13 July 2020
Alternative medicine and pseudoscience
WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL MEDICINE?
The Functional Medicine Approach
Functional Medicine is a systems biology–based approach that focuses on identifying and addressing the root cause of disease. Each symptom or differential diagnosis may be one of many contributing to an individual’s illness.
As the graphic illustrates, a diagnosis can be the result of more than one cause. For example, depression can be caused by many different factors, including inflammation. Likewise, a cause such as inflammation may lead to a number of different diagnoses, including depression. The precise manifestation of each cause depends on the individual’s genes, environment, and lifestyle, and only treatments that address the right cause will have lasting benefit beyond symptom suppression.
Description
The discipline of functional medicine is vaguely defined by its proponents. Oncologist David Gorski has written that the vagueness is a deliberate tactic, but that in general its practice centers on unnecessary and expensive testing procedures performed in the name of "holistic" health care.
Proponents of functional medicine oppose established medical knowledge and reject its models, instead adopting a model of disease based on the notion of "antecedents", "triggers", and "mediators". These are meant to correspond to the underlying causes, the immediate causes, and the particular characteristics of a person's illness respectively. A functional medicine practitioner will devise a "matrix" from these things which acts as a basis for treatment.
Treatments, practices, and concepts will generally be those not supported by medical evidence.
Institute for Functional Medicine
| Founded | 1991 |
|---|---|
| Founder | Jeffrey Bland, PhD |
| Focus | "To serve the highest expression of individual health through the widespread adoption of functional medicine as the standard of care." |
| Method | Education, Research, Collaboration |
| Key people | Mark Hyman, MD, Chairman |
| Website | functionalmedicine.org |
Functional medicine was invented by chemist Jeffrey Bland. He and Susan Bland founded the Institute for Functional Medicine in 1991 as a division of HealthComm. That year, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission said that Jeffrey Bland's corporations HealthComm and Nu-Day Enterprises had falsely advanced claims that their products could alter metabolism and induce weight loss. The FTC found that Bland and his companies violated that consent order in 1995 by making more exaggerated claims. The UltraClear dietary program was said to provide relief from gastrointestinal problems, inflammatory and immunologic problems, fatigue, food allergies, mercury exposure, kidney disorders, and rheumatoid arthritis. The companies were forced to pay a $45,000 civil penalty.
The opening of centers for functional medicine at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation and at George Washington University has been described by Gorski as an "unfortunate" example of pseudoscientific quackery infiltrating medical academia.
Reception
In 2014, the American Academy of Family Physicians withdrew granting of course credits for functional medicine courses, having identified some of its treatments as "harmful and dangerous" In 2018, it partly lifted the ban, but only to allow teaching an overview of functional medicine, not to teach its practice.
References
- "What is Functional Medicine? | IFM". The Institute for Functional Medicine. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
- ^ Gorski, David (September 29, 2014). "Quackademia update: The Cleveland Clinic, George Washington University, and the continued infiltration of quackery into medical academia". Science–Based Medicine. Retrieved 2016-12-02.
- Gorski, David (11 April 2016). "Functional medicine: The ultimate misnomer in the world of integrative medicine". Science Based Medicine.
- ^ Knott L (6 February 2015). "Therapies and Theories Outside Traditional Medicine". Patient. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
- Sampson, Wallace (October 30, 2008). "Functional Medicine – New Kid on the Block". Science-Based Medicine.
- "Our Mission". December 2014.
- Leyton E (2006). "Functional medicine". Can Fam Physician. 52 (12): 1540. PMC 1783750. PMID 17279230.
- ^ Barrett, Stephen (September 11, 2013). "Some Notes on Jeffrey Bland and Metagenics". Quackwatch. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
- "Founders". www.functionalmedicine.org. Institute for Functional Medicine. n.d. Retrieved November 10, 2014.
- Bellamy J (26 October 2017). "AAFP: Functional Medicine lacks supporting evidence; includes 'harmful' and 'dangerous' treatments". Science-Based-Medicine.
- Bellamy J (27 October 2018). "AAFP should publish research behind finding that functional medicine lacks evidence, contains harmful and dangerous practices". Science-Based-Medicine.
Further reading
- Gorski, David (14 April 2014). "Bill and Hillary Clinton go woo with Dr. Mark Hyman and 'functional medicine'". Science-Based Medicine.