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Secession in China refers to several secessionist movements in the People's Republic of China.

Legal basis

People’s Republic of China

The 1931 constitution of the Chinese Communist Party accepted succession as legal with article 14 stating “The Soviet government of China recognizes the right of self-determination of the national minorities in China, their right to complete separation from China, and to the formation of an independent state for each national minority.” However the CCP’s change from a revolutionary group to the dominant state power in 1949 led to this language being left out of later constitutions and any legal chance for secession disappeared from Chinese law.

List of secessionist movements in the People's Republic of China

Claimed Country	Current Status	Capital City	Area (km)	Population	Ethnic Group	Primary Independence Movement
Canton (Guangdong)	Province of the PRC	Canton City (Guangzhou)	179,800	113,460,000	Cantonese people	Canton independence movement
East Turkestan (Xinjiang)	Uyghur Autonomous Region of the PRC	Ürümqi	1,664,897	24,870,000	Uyghur people	East Turkestan independence movement
Hong Kong	Special Administrative Region of the PRC	Hong Kong	2,755	7,500,700	Hong Kong people	Hong Kong independence movement
Macau	Special Administrative Region of the PRC	Macau	115	696,100	Macau people	Macau independence movement
Manchukuo (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning)	Provinces of the PRC	Hsinking (Changchun)	791,826	109,674,521	Manchu people	Manchukuo Temporary Government
Southern Mongolia (Inner Mongolia)	Autonomous Region of the PRC	Hohhot	1,183,000	25,050,000	Chinese Mongols	Inner Mongolian independence movement
Tibet (Xizang, Qinghai)	Autonomous Region of the PRC; Province of the PRC	Lhasa	1,948,400	8,806,722	Tibetan people	Tibetan independence movement

Other

• Guangdong Independence Movement
• Guangdong Republic [zh]
• Fujian People's Government (Fujian People's Government is rather a historical state. The current active movement advocating for Fujian independence is 'Hokkienam' or 'Banvetia' movement.)
• Hunan Independence Movement [zh]
• Yunnan Independence Movement [zh]
• Shanghai Autonomous Movement [zh]
• Federalism in China

Notes

• Taiwan, a state with limited recognition whose territory is claimed as China's 23rd province, is not included in this list because it has never been governed by the People's Republic of China, the government that was established in mainland China in 1949. For more information, see Political status of Taiwan and Taiwan independence movement.

Movements

Tibet

After the failed Tibetan uprising, some Tibetans followed the Dalai Lama into India, establishing a government-in-exile called the Central Tibetan Administration.

The movement is no longer supported by the 14th Dalai Lama, who although having advocated it from 1961 to the late 1970s, proposed a sort of high-level autonomy in a speech in Strasbourg in 1988, and has since then restricted his position to either autonomy for the Tibetan people in the Tibet Autonomous Region within China, or extending the area of the autonomy to include parts of neighboring Chinese provinces inhabited by Tibetans.

Xinjiang

Several armed insurgency groups are fighting the Chinese (PRC) government in Xinjiang, namely the Turkestan Islamic Party and the East Turkestan Liberation Organization, which some people consider to be associated with Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State.

Inner Mongolia

South Mongolian independence is supported by these political parties: the Inner Mongolian People's Party, a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization; the Southern Mongolian Democratic Alliance; and the Mongolian Liberal Union Party.

Related pages

• Ethnic issues in China
• Autonomous regions of China
• Xinjiang conflict
• List of active separatist movements in Asia
• Political status of Taiwan

References

1. Hales, Ben. "The Tangled History of the 'Tibet Card'". thediplomat.com. The Diplomat. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
2. "Speech of His Holiness the Dalai Lama to the European Parliament, Strasbourg". The Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. 14 October 2001. Archived from the original on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 11 April 2009.
3. Smith, Warren W. (2008). China's Tibet?: Autonomy or Assimilation. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 214. ISBN 978-0-7425-3989-1.
4. McDonald, Hamish (15 March 2005). "Tibet part of China: Dalai Lama". The Age. Fairfax. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
5. Reasonable Demands Needed From Dalai Lama
6. "Al-Qaeda and Islamic State Take Aim at China. Why have both groups turned their attention to Beijing?". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
7. ""Inner Mongolian People's Party" and the basic facts about its key members". Southern Mongolian Human Rights Information Center. Archived from the original on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 11 April 2009.
8. "モンゴル自由連盟党". Archived from the original on 26 July 2010. Retrieved 22 November 2010.(JP)

External links

• China must stop the genocide in East Turkestan Special News Daily Voice News on YouTube

• National liberation movements
• Politics of China
• Separatism in China