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===2010s=== ===2010s===

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During the ] the ], the Constitution Party's affiliate in Colorado, gave its gubernatorial nomination to ]. In the general election Tancredo received over 36% of the popular vote, more than the 10% required for major party status in Colorado.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 6, 2012 |title=American Constitution Party faces major headaches as a major Colorado party |work=West World |url=https://www.westword.com/news/american-constitution-party-faces-major-headaches-as-a-major-colorado-party-5865526 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.vn/KbbyX |archive-date=September 4, 2020}}</ref> During the campaign the American Constitution Party's voter registration doubled from 1,271 to 2,731 voters.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 16, 2010 |title=Colorado Constitution Party Registration More than Doubles in Last Five Months |work=] |url=http://ballot-access.org/2010/11/16/colorado-constitution-party-registration-more-than-doubles-in-last-five-months/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.vn/YtIEj |archive-date=September 4, 2020}}</ref> Major party status in Colorado gave the party the ability to appoint seventeen members to Colorado state boards and commissions, but the party suffered from complicated campaign finance reports and fines from errors and omissions in the reports which led to a negative bank account balance.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 19, 2010 |title=Constitution Party Now Entitled to Appoint Members to 17 Colorado State Boards |work=] |url=http://ballot-access.org/2010/11/19/constitution-party-now-entitled-to-appoint-members-to-17-colorado-state-boards/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.vn/IYhhx |archive-date=September 4, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 27, 2013 |title=Colorado Constitution Party Suffers from Being a Qualified Major Party |work=] |url=http://ballot-access.org/2013/08/27/colorado-constitution-party-suffers-from-being-a-qualified-major-party/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.vn/jkWSb |archive-date=September 4, 2020}}</ref> During the ] the ], the Constitution Party's affiliate in Colorado, gave its gubernatorial nomination to ]. In the general election Tancredo received over 36% of the popular vote, more than the 10% required for major party status in Colorado.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 6, 2012 |title=American Constitution Party faces major headaches as a major Colorado party |work=West World |url=https://www.westword.com/news/american-constitution-party-faces-major-headaches-as-a-major-colorado-party-5865526 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.vn/KbbyX |archive-date=September 4, 2020}}</ref> During the campaign the American Constitution Party's voter registration doubled from 1,271 to 2,731 voters.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 16, 2010 |title=Colorado Constitution Party Registration More than Doubles in Last Five Months |work=] |url=http://ballot-access.org/2010/11/16/colorado-constitution-party-registration-more-than-doubles-in-last-five-months/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.vn/YtIEj |archive-date=September 4, 2020}}</ref> Major party status in Colorado gave the party the ability to appoint seventeen members to Colorado state boards and commissions, but the party suffered from complicated campaign finance reports and fines from errors and omissions in the reports which led to a negative bank account balance.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 19, 2010 |title=Constitution Party Now Entitled to Appoint Members to 17 Colorado State Boards |work=] |url=http://ballot-access.org/2010/11/19/constitution-party-now-entitled-to-appoint-members-to-17-colorado-state-boards/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.vn/IYhhx |archive-date=September 4, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 27, 2013 |title=Colorado Constitution Party Suffers from Being a Qualified Major Party |work=] |url=http://ballot-access.org/2013/08/27/colorado-constitution-party-suffers-from-being-a-qualified-major-party/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.vn/jkWSb |archive-date=September 4, 2020}}</ref>

Revision as of 00:44, 8 September 2020

U.S. political party "Taxpayers Party" redirects here. For the New York party, see Taxpayers Party of New York. "American Constitution Party" redirects here. For the Colorado party, see American Constitution Party (Colorado). For the 1950s conservative third party, see Constitution Party (United States, 1952).

Constitution Party
ChairmanJim Clymer
Presidential nomineeDon Blankenship (WV)
Vice Presidential nomineeWilliam Mohr (MI)
Founded1990; 34 years ago (1990) (as U.S. Taxpayers' Party)
1999 (1999) (as Constitution Party)
Headquarters408 West Chestnut Street, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17603
Membership (Early 2020)Increase 118,088 (0.10%)
IdeologyChristian right
Conservatism
Fiscal conservatism
Paleoconservatism
Social conservatism
Political positionRight wing to
far-right
Colors      Red, white and blue (national colors)
  Purple (de facto)
Seats in the Senate0 / 100
Seats in the House0 / 435
Governorships0 / 50
State Upper House Seats0 / 1,972
State Lower House Seats0 / 5,411
Other elected offices26
Website
constitutionparty.com
This article is part of a series on
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The Constitution Party, formerly the U.S. Taxpayers' Party is a political party in the United States that promotes the principles and intents of the United States Constitution. The party was founded by Howard Phillips, a conservative activist, after President George H. W. Bush violated his pledge of "read my lips: no new taxes". The party platform is based on originalist interpretations of the Constitution and shaped by principles which it believes were set forth in the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Constitution and the Bible.

As of July 2020, the Constitution Party has 26 members who have been elected to city council seats and other municipal offices across the United States. In terms of registered members, the party ranks fifth among national parties in the United States.

History

Formation

During the 1988 presidential election Republican nominee George H. W. Bush stated "read my lips: no new taxes" at the 1988 Republican National Convention. However, Bush violated that pledge during his presidency. Following the breaking of the no new taxes pledge Howard Phillips announced that he would form a third political party called the U.S. Taxpayers' Party.

Phillips formed his new party through the U.S. Taxpayers Alliance, an organization he had founded and which had affiliates in twenty-five states, using its mailing list to announce the formation of a new party. Phillips also attempted to create a coalition with state affilates of the American Party, but was rejected. The party was accepted into the Coalition for Free and Open Elections alongside the Freedom Socialist Party. The party launched its first petition drive when Jack Perry started a campaign to appear on the 1991 United States special election ballot in Pennsylvania.

1990s

From January 25 to 26, 1997, the national committee of the U.S. Taxpayers' Party convened in Miami, Florida. During their meeting it was proposed to change the name of the party to either "Constitutional" or "Independent American", but the vote was tied 27 to 27 so U.S. Taxpayers' was retained as the party's name. In March 1999, another name change was proposed, with American Independent, American Heritage, Constitutional, Independent American, and American Constitution as possible names, but it was unsuccessful. On September 3, 1999, the national convention of the U.S. Taxpayers' Party was held and during it the name of the party was successfully changed to Constitution. Every state affiliate of the party, except for Nevada and California, changed their names except for in Michigan where the Michigan Secretary of State denied the request.

1992 presidential election

Members of the party sought to give its presidential nomination to Ross Perot or Pat Buchanan during the 1992 presidential election, but were unsuccessful. In January 1992, Phillips was selected to serve as a tentative presidential candidate for the party until a more prominent candidate wanted the party's presidential nomination. Albion W. Knight Jr. was later selected to serve as the party's tentative vice-presidential nominee.

On April 15, Phillips announced that he would run for the presidency. Phillips accepted the U.S. Taxpayers' Party's presidential nomination at its national convention in New Orleans, Louisiana which was held from September 4 to 5. In the general election Phillips and Knight placed seventh with 43,400 votes.

Following the 1992 presidential election the U.S. Taxpayers' Party's had ballot qualified state affiliates in California, New Mexico, and South Carolina.

1996 presidential election

In 1996, Phillips sent a memo to conservative Christian leaders including James Dobson, the head of Focus on the Family, stating that anti-abortion candidates like Pat Buchanan, Alan Keyes, or Bob Dornan were unlikely to become the Republican presidential nominee and that they should instead support an anti-abortion third party candidate.

Phillips supported giving the presidential nomination of the U.S. Taxpayers' Party to Buchanan. Tom Staley, Buchanan's campaign chairman in northern Texas, stated that Buchanan would consider accepting the party's nomination if it had ballot access in all fifty states.

Pphillips was given the party's presidential nomination again at its national convention in San Diego, California, on August 17, 1996, and Herbert Titus was selected to serve as the vice-presidential nominee.

2000s

On February 15, 2000, Rick Jore, a member of the Montana House of Representatives who had attended the 1999 Constitution Party National Convention, announced that he was leaving the Republican Party and joining the Constitution Party. Jore unsuccessfully sought reelection in 2000, and unsuccessfully attempted to win election to the Montana House of Representatives in 2002, and 2004, before winning election to the state house in 2006.

ON November 5, 2002, Greg Moeller became the first member of the Constitution Party to win a partisan election when he won elected as Scott Township Trustee in Hamilton County, Iowa, with only a write-in opponent.

2000 presidential election

Unlike the 1992 and 1996 presidential elections the U.S. Taxpayers' Party did not seek a prominent politician to give its presidential nomination to. On September 4, 1999, the party selected to give its presidential nomination to Phillips and its vice-presidential nomination to Joseph Sobran. However, on March 31, 2000, Sobran resigned from the ticket due to conflicts between him being a columnist and vice-presidential nominee. On September 2, Curtis Frazier was selected to replace Sobran as the party's vice-presidential nominee.

2008 presidential election

Chuck Baldwin and Alan Keyes sought the Constitution Party's presidential nomination during the 2008 presidential election. At the party's national convention Baldwin defeated Keyes winning the party's presidential nomination and Darrell Castle was selected to serve as the vice-presidential nominee. In the general election they placed sixth with 199,880 votes.

However, the American Independent Party, which had been affiliated with the Constitution since 1991, split into two factions between supports of Baldwin and Keyes. The Secretary of State of California ruled that the presidential ticket of Keyes and Wiley Drake had the nomination of the American Independent Party. In the general election they placed ninth with 47,941 votes.

On September 5, the Constitution Party of Montana submitted a list of presidential electors pledged to Ron Paul for president and Michael Peroutka for vice-president. Paul was aware and that he would not object as long as he did not need to sign any declaration of candidacy. However, Paul later wrote a letter to the Secretary of State of Montana asking for his name to be removed from the ballot as he was nominated without permission, but it was too late to remove his name from the ballot. Paul also appeared on the ballot in Louisiana under the name "Louisana Taxpayers Party" with Barry Goldwater Jr. as his vice-presidential running mate. Paul later endorsed Baldwin for president. In the general election he placed tenth with 47,512 votes.

2010s

County results of the 2010 Colorado gubernatorial election

During the 2010 Colorado gubernatorial election the American Constitution Party, the Constitution Party's affiliate in Colorado, gave its gubernatorial nomination to Tom Tancredo. In the general election Tancredo received over 36% of the popular vote, more than the 10% required for major party status in Colorado. During the campaign the American Constitution Party's voter registration doubled from 1,271 to 2,731 voters. Major party status in Colorado gave the party the ability to appoint seventeen members to Colorado state boards and commissions, but the party suffered from complicated campaign finance reports and fines from errors and omissions in the reports which led to a negative bank account balance.

Voter registration and notable members

CPWV symbol

U.S. Senator Bob Smith announced his switch from Republican to the U.S. Taxpayers Party in 1999 to seek its 2000 presidential nomination. Smith later charged that anti-New World Order ideologues within the party resisted his candidacy due to his Roman Catholicism. He left the party after one month and continued his campaign as a non-partisan independent but ceased the campaign soon thereafter and returned to the Republican Party to assume a Senate committee chairmanship. In 2008, he began writing editorials on the Constitution Party's web page, fueling speculation that he would seek its presidential nomination again, despite endorsing Rep. Duncan Hunter for the Republican nomination. He requested that his name be withheld from consideration in a March 2008 letter to Constitution Party supporters.

Minuteman Project co-founder Jim Gilchrist ran for Congress with the American Independent Party in 2005, but has since rejoined the Republican Party.

The party has attracted notables in the anti-abortion movement such as Gregory Thompson, Lon Mabon, Paul deParrie, and Missionaries to the Preborn leader Pastor Matthew Trewhella. However, many such notables were involved in the below-mentioned disaffiliation efforts over abortion, and it remains unclear what effect the movement has upon the reorganized rump affiliates.

Roy Moore, the former chief justice of the Alabama Supreme Court who was notably suspended twice in 2003 and 2016 for refusing to comply with court orders regarding the display of the Ten Commandments and the issuing of same-sex marriage licenses, had been courted by the Constitution Party to run as their candidate in the 2004, 2008, and 2012 presidential elections.

Year RV. % Change
1992 247,995 (0.33%) Steady
1994 246,951 (0.34%) Increase 0.01%
1996 306,900 (0.38%) Increase 0.04%
1998 317,510 (0.38%) Increase 0.00%
2000 348,977 (0.40%) Increase 0.02%
2002 325,828 (0.37%) Decrease 0.03%
2004 367,521 (0.38%) Increase 0.01%

Platform

For comparison with other parties, see Comparison of politics of parties of the United States.

Current platform

The 2016–2020 Platform of the Constitution Party is available for download on the party's website. It has 31 planks.

Platform topics

The 2016 preamble of the Constitution Party platform "gratefully acknowledges the blessing of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ as Creator, Preserver and Ruler of the Universe and of these United States," and supports the constitutional provision in Article VI, Section 3 that "no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States" and calls on all those who love liberty and value their inherent rights to join with them in the pursuit of their goals.

The Constitution Party's website states that it "is the philosophical home of the TEA Party, where candidates who are committed to the same constitutional principles as most TEA Party groups can run for office without opposition from within their own party" and encourages "Constitution Party leadership and candidates to work with local TEA Party and other like-minded groups to re-establish the American Constitutional Republic in their communities and states." The 2016–2020 platform contains no reference to the Tea Party.

Electoral College

The Constitution Party, in the 2016 platform, supported retaining the Electoral College and was opposed to establishing a popular vote system to elect the president and vice president of the United States.

Fiscal policy

The Constitution Party in 2012 supported reducing the role of the United States federal government through cutting bureaucratic regulation, reducing spending, and replacing the income tax with a tariff-based revenue system supplemented by excise taxes. The party also takes the position that the "imposition of Federal income, payroll, and estate taxes is an unconstitutional Federal assumption of direct taxing authority".

Social Security phase-out

The Constitution Party in 2012 called for phasing out social security. The 2016 platform states: "Social Security is a form of individual welfare not authorized in the Constitution".

Trade and foreign policies

The Constitution Party in 2012 favored a non-interventionist foreign policy. It advocates reduction and eventual elimination of the role the United States plays in multinational and international organizations such as the United Nations and favors withdrawal of the United States from most treaties, such as NATO, North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization. The party takes mercantilist positions in supporting protectionist policies on international trade.

The party also believes in exercising a tariff system to counteract the United States' increasingly negative balance of trade. The tariff system would levy additional import costs, the amount of which would vary proportionally with how much lower the exporting country's production costs are compared to that of U.S. companies.

Immigration policy

The party in 2012 opposed illegal immigration and sought stricter controls on legal immigration. It demanded that the federal government implement an immigration policy disqualifying potential immigrants on grounds of ill health, criminality, low morals, or financial dependence, claiming that they would impose an improper burden on the United States. The party favored a moratorium on future immigration, with exceptions only for extreme cases of necessity, until federal welfare programs have been phased out and a better vetting program is in place.

The party opposes welfare subsidies and other benefits to undocumented immigrants. It rejects the practice of bestowing U.S. citizenship on children born to illegal immigrant parents while in this country (jus soli), and flatly rejects any extension of amnesty to undocumented immigrants. The Constitution Party calls for the use of the United States military to enforce the strict immigration policy.

Social policy

The party opposes euthanasia, suicide, and abortion, including in cases of rape and incest.

The party supports the right of states to administer the death penalty:

Our support of a State's option to impose the death penalty is limited to those who have been convicted of capital crimes. This is consistent with protecting innocent life because the death penalty would only be applied to those who have proven to be a threat to innocent life.

The party opposes any government legislation to authorize or define marriage contrary to the Bible, and states that "The law of our Creator defines marriage as the union between one man and one woman". It supports the right for local and state governments to "proscribe offensive sexual behavior" and rejects "the notion that homosexuals, transgenders or those who are sexually deviant are deserving of legal favor or special protection". The party strongly opposes "adoption by homosexual singles or couples". The party also opposes pornography, believing that it is "a destructive element of society resulting in significant and real emotional, physical, spiritual and financial costs to individuals, families and communities," and distinguishable from the US citizen's "cherished First Amendment right to free speech." While expressing its belief in the individual responsibility of citizens and corporations, the party maintains that government plays a "vital role" in establishing and maintaining the highest level of decency in America's community standards. The party opposes all government sponsorship, involvement in, or promotion of gambling. Citing Article 1 Section 8 and Amendment 10, the party opposes federal anti-drug laws, while conceding that the federal government may have a role in limiting the import of drugs.

The party supports the right to bear arms in accordance with the Second Amendment. The party believes that any attempt to make laws barring the second amendment is unconstitutional. It has taken a stand against the Patriot Act.

The Constitution Party believes that charitable giving is most effective when conducted by private parties. Because the authority to administer charity has not been granted to the government in the Constitution, the party maintains that the government has no business being involved in such endeavors. The party opposes federal restrictions on, or subsidization of, medical treatments.

See also: English-only movement

The party supports English as the official language for all governmental business, opposes bilingual ballots, and insists that those who wish to take part in the electoral process and governance of the U.S. be required to read and comprehend basic English as a precondition for citizenship. The party also opposes the federal Voting Rights Act.

In 2009, the Southern Poverty Law Center described the party as a "Patriot Group" a category of parties that "advocate or adhere to extreme anti-government doctrines".

Environmental policy

The party believes that "it is our responsibility to be prudent, productive, and efficient stewards of God’s natural resources".

The party rejects the scientific consensus on climate change, saying that "globalists are using the global warming threat to gain more control via worldwide sustainable development". According to the party, eminent domain is unlawful because "under no circumstances may the federal government take private property, by means of rules and regulations which preclude or substantially reduce the productive use of the property, even with just compensation".

In regards to energy, the party calls attention to "the continuing need of the United States for a sufficient supply of energy for national security and for the immediate adoption of a policy of free market solutions to achieve energy independence for the United States," and calls for the abolition of the Department of Energy.

Federalism

See also: States' rights and New Federalism

The party supports the repeal of the Sixteenth Amendment, which allows Congress to tax income derived from interest, dividends, and capital gains, and the Seventeenth Amendment, which requires the direct (popular) election of Senators. The party holds that each state's membership in the Union is voluntary, a stance known as the compact theory.

Electoral results

President

Year Presidential nominee Home state Previous positions Vice presidential nominee Home state Previous positions Votes Notes
1992
Howard Phillips 		 Virginia Chairman of The Conservative Caucus
Candidate for Massachusetts's 6th congressional district
(1970)
Candidate for United States Senator from Massachusetts
(1978)
Albion W. Knight 		 Florida Presiding Bishop of the United Episcopal Church of North America
(1989–1992) 		43,369 (0.04%)
0 EV
1996
Howard Phillips 		 Virginia (see above for previous positions)
Nominee for President of the United States
(1992) 		Herbert Titus  Oregon Lawyer, writer 184,656 (0.19%)
0 EV
2000
Howard Phillips 		 Virginia (see above for previous positions)
Nominee for President of the United States
(1992; 1996) 		Curtis Frazier  Missouri Nominee for United States Senator from Missouri
(1998) 		98,020 (0.09%)
0 EV
2004 Michael Peroutka  Maryland Lawyer
Founder of the Institute on the Constitution
Chuck Baldwin 		 Florida Pastor, radio host 143,630 (0.12%)
0 EV
2008
Chuck Baldwin
(campaign) 		 Florida Nominee for Vice President of the United States
(2004)
Darrell Castle 		 Tennessee Lawyer 199,750 (0.15%)
0 EV
2012
Virgil Goode
(campaign) 		 Virginia Member of the Virginia Senate
(1973–1997)
Member of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia's 5th district
(1997–2009) 		Jim Clymer  Pennsylvania Nominee for Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania
(1994; 1998)
Chair of the Constitution Party
(1999–2012)
Nominee for Attorney General of Pennsylvania
(2000)
Nominee for United States Senator from Pennsylvania
(2004) 		122,388 (0.09%)
0 EV
2016
Darrell Castle
(campaign) 		 Tennessee Nominee for Vice President of the United States
(2008) 		Scott Bradley  Utah Nominee for United States Senator from Utah
(2006; 2010) 		203,069 (0.15%)
0 EV
2020
Don Blankenship 		 West Virginia Former CEO of Massey Energy
Republican candidate for U.S. Senate from West Virginia (2018) 		File:William Mohr.jpg
William Mohr 		 Michigan Chairman of the U.S. Taxpayers Party of Michigan

House of Representatives

Election year No. of overall votes % of overall vote No. of representatives +/-
2000 122,936 0.1% 0 / 435
2002 99,306 0.1% 0 / 435 Steady 0
2004 132,613 0.2% 0 / 435 Steady 0
2006 68,031 0.1% 0 / 435 Steady 0
2008 136,021 0.1% 0 / 435 Steady 0
2010 123,841 0.1% 0 / 435 Steady 0
2012 118,102 0.1% 0 / 435 Steady 0
2016 127,376 0.1% 0 / 435 Steady 0
2018 74,956 0 / 435 Steady 0
General election results source:

Senate

United States Senate
Election year No. of total votes % of vote No. of seats won
1998 183,588 0.3% 0
2000 286,816 0.4% 0
2002 60,456 0.1% 0
2004 404,853 0.5% 0
2006 133,037 0.2% 0
2008 240,729 0.4% 0
2010 338,593 0.5% 0
2012 140,636 0.2% 0
2014 100,395 0.2% 0
2016 93,315 0.1% 0
2018 57,932 0
General election results source:

Ballot access

Constitution Party ballot access in 2016

The following is a table of ballot status for the Constitution Party presidential nominee in 2016.

The Constitution Party's website criticizes the dominance of two parties in the US electoral system, saying:

Without all political ideologies having a place in the free marketplace of ideas, on an equal footing with the top two in power, life is like an ice cream shop that only serves two flavors – customers grow weary and no longer buy. America flourishes when its citizens have real choices with which they identify philosophically. America's representative system of constitutional governance is doomed to fail if voters continue to be offered only vanilla and chocolate when what they really want is mint chocolate chip or a hot fudge sundae.

  On ballot   Write-in   Not on ballot

See also

Notes

  1. Winger, Richard (March 27, 2020). "EARLY 2020 VOTER REGISTRATION TOTALS". ballot-access.org. Retrieved April 9, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ^ "Ideological Third Parties and Splinter Parties". Archived from the original on January 16, 2015. Retrieved February 5, 2015. {{cite web}}: External link in |ref= (help)
  3. Cox, Vicki (2007). The History of Third Parties. Infobase Publishing. p. 79.
  4. Kleefeld, Eric (July 26, 2010). "Tancredo's New Home In The Constitution Party: A Religious, Paleoconservative Group Without Much Electoral Success". Talking Points Memo. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved April 17, 2015.
  5. "Constitutionally Contentious". The American Spectator. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved January 29, 2016.
  6. "Meet the Constitution Party's Candidate". Reason.com. Archived from the original on April 22, 2016. Retrieved January 29, 2016.
  7. "Tancredo's New Home In The Constitution Party: A Religious, Paleoconservative Group Without Much Electoral Success". TPM. Archived from the original on January 5, 2016. Retrieved January 29, 2016.
  8. Rudin, Ken. "Election 2010 Scorecard". National Public Radio. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
  9. Joyce, Kathryn (2010). Quiverfull: Inside the Christian Patriarchy Movement. Beacon Press. pp. 7, 28. ISBN 978-0807010730.
  10. Cohen, Nancy L. (2012). Delirium: The Politics of Sex in America. Counterpoint. p. 321. ISBN 1582438013.
  11. Lovell, Jarret S. (2009). Crimes of Dissent: Civil Disobedience, Criminal Justice, and the Politics of Conscience. New York University Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-0814752272.
  12. Smith, Ben (May 4, 2010). "Goode joins Constitution Party". Politico. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved March 2, 2015.
  13. "Current Office Holders". Constitution Party. July 29, 2020. Retrieved July 29, 2020.
  14. ^ Nelson, Steven (August 9, 2016). "Bible Says No to Trump-Clinton Choice, Third-Party Candidate Says". US News. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
  15. Winger, Richard (November 21, 2016). "New Voter Registration Nation Totals". ballot-access.org Archived November 22, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  16. "Riled GOP right wing putting Bush on notice". The Atlanta Constitution. November 11, 1990. p. 31. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. "Integrity of Principles". Park Record. September 5, 1991. p. 14. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. "Phillips Calls For New Party" (PDF). Ballot Access News. February 9, 1991. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 14, 2020.
  19. "Religious right agenda is basis of new party". Tampa Bay Times. July 20, 1991. p. 55. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. "COFOE Grows" (PDF). Ballot Access News. April 3, 1991. p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 16, 2020. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; July 18, 2020 suggested (help)
  21. "First petition campaign" (PDF). Ballot Access News. July 22, 1991. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 18, 2020.
  22. "U.S. Taxpayers Party To Keep Name". Ballot Access News. February 10, 1997. Archived from the original on September 6, 2020.
  23. "U.S. Taxpayers' Party Name Change?". Ballot Access News. February 6, 1999. Archived from the original on September 6, 2020.
  24. "U.S. Taxpayers To Keep Name". Ballot Access News. April 3, 1999. Archived from the original on September 6, 2020.
  25. "Taxpayers' Party". Ballot Access News. October 1, 1999. Archived from the original on September 6, 2020.
  26. "Constitution Party of Michigan Asks Secretary of State to Let it Update its Name". Ballot Access News. March 27, 2019. Archived from the original on September 7, 2020.
  27. "Rumors boost Rose Perot for the presidency". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. November 24, 1991. p. 7. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  28. "Clymer forms the U.S. Taxpayer Party in Pa". Intelligencer Journal. November 25, 1991. p. 8. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  29. "Taxpayers Party To Run Phillips" (PDF). Ballot Access News. February 2, 1992. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 7, 2020.
  30. "Taxpayers Party Chooses VP" (PDF). Ballot Access News. March 1, 1992. p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 18, 2020.
  31. "Phillips Wins Massachusetts Race" (PDF). Ballot Access News. March 30, 1992. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 14, 2020.
  32. "1992 national convention". The Alliance Times-Herald. September 14, 1992. p. 4. Archived from the original on September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  33. "National Conventions" (PDF). Ballot Access News. September 9, 1992. p. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 16, 2020.
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