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Revision as of 18:41, 11 November 2020
| Mineiro dialect | |
|---|---|
| Mineiro Mineirês | |
| Language family | Indo-European |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
 Minas Gerais | |
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Mineiro (Portuguese pronunciation: [miˈnejɾu] ), or the Brazilian mountain dialect (Template:Lang-pt), is the Brazilian Portuguese term the characteristic accent spoken in the heart of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, and also in its capital, Belo Horizonte.
This dialect is often hard to understand for people outside the region where it is spoken due to heavy assimilation and elision.
The term also refers to the inhabitants of Minas Gerais.
History
Further information: Minas GeraisMinas Gerais was settled during the late 17th and early 18th centuries by a mix of recent Portuguese immigrants (reinóis or emboabas) and earlier colonists that came from São Paulo (paulistas). There was an intense rivalry between the two groups, fighting over the gold mines (from which the name of the province was taken, Minas Gerais means "General Mines"). These conflicts required the intervention of the Portuguese Crown after a serious uprisal developed into civil war (Guerra dos Emboabas) with the final defeat of the paulistas in 1708.
In the 19th century, the state was being forgotten due to the decline of gold mining. Due to this isolation, the state was influenced by the dialect of Rio de Janeiro in the southeast, while the south and the Triangulo Mineiro region, began to speak the rustic dialect of São Paulo (caipira). The central region of Minas Gerais, however, developed their own dialect, which is known as Mineiro or mountain dialect. This dialect is also present in cities of the center and southest of the state, which is surrounded by mountains and mines.
Recently, the influence of mineiro has been increasing and spreading, due to local pride and rejection of other accents.
Accent characteristics
- Reduction (and often loss) of final and initial unstressed vowels, especially with e, i and u: parte () ("part") becomes *partch (with soft affricate T). Common to most of Brazil.
- Assimilation of consecutive vowels: o urubu ("the vulture") becomes *u rubu .
- Debuccalization (and usual loss) of final /r/ and /s/: cantar ("to sing") becomes *cantá and os livros ("the books") becomes *us lívru . Common to most of Brazil.
- Soft pronunciation of "r": rato ("mouse") is pronounced . Very common in other parts of Brazil.
- Loss of the plural ending -s in adjectives and nouns, retained only in articles and verbs: meus filhos ("my children") becomes (sometimes; most of the time in the capital, Belo Horizonte) *meus filho , (most of the time) *meus fii OR *meus fiu (see below).
- Realization of most /ʎ/ as [j]: alho ("garlic") becomes homophonous with aio ("hired tutor"); see yeísmo in Spanish. Probably the most characteristic feature of the Mineiro accent, though it is less present in Belo Horizonte.
- Replacement of some diphthongs with long vowels: fio (thread) becomes fii , pouco (few) becomes poco .
- Apocope of final syllables. -lho becomes (filho → *fii'), -inho becomes *-im' (pinho → *pim').
- Diphthongization of stressed vowels: mas ("but") becomes *mais and três ("three") becomes *treis Common in other parts of Brazil, particularly Rio de Janeiro.
- Intense elision: abra as asas ("spread your wings") becomes *abrazaza . Para onde nós estamos indo? ("Where are we going?") becomes Pronoistamuíno? . However, see : this is far from being the most common usage.
- Loss of initial "e" in words beginning with "es": esporte becomes .
- Mineiro also lacks notable features of other accents, including the retroflex R (caipira), palatalization of S (carioca), strong dental R (gaucho), or "singsong" nordestino intonation.
Notes
- feminine: Mineira [miˈnejɾɐ]
See also
| Portuguese language | |
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| African | |
| Pan-American |
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| European | |
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