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| {{short description|Multiple of the unit byte}} | |||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}} <!-- Was going forward neutral ymd as more used, do not mind just dmy is easier w/script: First legal date format I found in edit 2005-10-16T22:42:49: "15 October 2005" however "illegal" MDY in 2004: "Dec 11, 2002" --> | |||
| {{Quantities of bytes}} | |||
| A '''petabyte''' is 10<sup>15</sup> ]s of ]. The unit symbol for the petabyte is '''PB'''. | |||
| The name is composed of the ] ] (P) composed with the non-] unit of a byte. | |||
| :1 PB = {{gaps|1|000|000|000|000|000|B}} = {{gaps|10<sup>15</sup>|bytes}} = {{gaps|1|000|]s}} | |||
| : 1000 PB = 1 ] (EB) | |||
| A related unit, the ] (PiB), using a ], is equal to 1024<sup>5</sup> bytes, which is more than 12% greater (2<sup>50</sup> ]s = {{gaps|1|125|899|906|842|624|bytes}}). | |||
| ==Usage examples== | |||
| Examples of the use of the petabyte to describe data sizes in different fields are: | |||
| <!-- To avoid an infinitely long list, limited to one example per field--> | |||
| * Telecommunications (capacity): The world's effective capacity to exchange information through two-way ] networks was 281 petabytes of information in 1986, 471 petabytes in 1993, 2,200 petabytes in 2000, and 65,000 petabytes in 2007 (this is the informational equivalent to every person exchanging 6 newspapers per day).<ref name="HilbertLopez2011">, Martin Hilbert and Priscila López (2011), ], 332(6025), 60-65; see also and .</ref> | |||
| * Telecommunications (usage): In 2008, ] transferred about 30 petabytes of data through its networks each day.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.att.com/gen/press-room?pid=4800&cdvn=news&newsarticleid=30623 |title=AT&T- News Room |publisher=Att.com |date=23 October 2008 |accessdate=16 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117232159/http://www.att.com/gen/press-room?pid=4800&cdvn=news&newsarticleid=30623 |archive-date=17 January 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> That number grew to 197 petabytes daily by March 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://theintercept.com/2018/06/25/att-internet-nsa-spy-hubs/ |quote=As of March 2018, some 197 petabytes of data – the equivalent of more than 49 trillion pages of text, or 60 billion average-sized mp3 files – traveled across its networks every business day. |title=The NSA's Hidden Spy Hubs in Eight U.S. Cities |website=] |first=Ryan |last=Gallagher |first2=Henrik |last2=Moltke |date=June 25, 2018 |access-date=26 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626023507/https://theintercept.com/2018/06/25/att-internet-nsa-spy-hubs/ |archive-date=26 June 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
| * Email: In May 2013, ] announces that as part of their migration of Hotmail accounts to the new Outlook.com email service, they migrated over 150 petabytes of user data in six weeks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.office.com/b/microsoft-outlook/archive/2013/05/02/outlook-com-400-million-active-accounts-hotmail-upgrade-complete-and-more-features-on-the-way.aspx|title=Outlook.com: 400 million active accounts, Hotmail upgrade complete and more features on the way}}</ref> | |||
| * File sharing (centralized): At its 2012 closure of file storage services, ] held ~28 petabytes of user uploaded data.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://tech.wp.pl/kat,1009785,title,Byc-moze-odzyskasz-swoje-pliki-z-Megaupload,wid,14990730,wiadomosc.html |title=Być może odzyskasz swoje pliki z Megaupload - Tech - WP.PL |newspaper=Tech |accessdate=14 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121219065900/http://tech.wp.pl/kat,1009785,title,Byc-moze-odzyskasz-swoje-pliki-z-Megaupload,wid,14990730,wiadomosc.html |archive-date=19 December 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
| * File sharing (]): 2013 - BitTorrent Sync has transferred over 30 petabytes of data since its pre-alpha release in January 2013.<ref name="nofilmschool.com">{{cite web|url=http://nofilmschool.com/2013/11/bittorrent-sync-1-million-users-version-1-2-free-file-syncing/|title=Version 1.2 of BitTorrent Sync Now Available as Free File Syncing Tool Reaches 1 Million Users|date=6 November 2013|accessdate=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611020003/https://nofilmschool.com/2013/11/bittorrent-sync-1-million-users-version-1-2-free-file-syncing|archive-date=11 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
| * National Library: The ] digital archive of public domain resources hosted by the United States ] contained 15 million digital objects in 2016, comprising over 7 petabytes of digital data.<ref name="loc">{{Cite web|url=https://nplusonemag.com/online-only/online-only/the-library-of-last-resort/|title=The Library of Last Resort|last=Chayka|first=Kyle|date=2016-07-14|website=|publisher=n+1 Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=2016-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119235106/https://nplusonemag.com/online-only/online-only/the-library-of-last-resort/|archive-date=19 January 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
| * Video streaming: {{As of|2013|05}}, ] had 3.14 petabytes of video "master copies", which it compresses and converts into 100 different formats for streaming.<ref>{{cite news|last=Vance|first=Ashlee|title=Netflix, Reed Hastings Survive Missteps to Join Silicon Valley's Elite|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-05-09/netflix-reed-hastings-survive-missteps-to-join-silicon-valleys-elite#p4|accessdate=22 May 2014|newspaper=Businessweek|date=9 May 2013}}</ref> | |||
| * Photos: {{As of|2013|01}}, ] users had uploaded over 240 billion photos,<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Rich|title=Facebook Builds Exabyte Data Centers for Cold Storage|url=http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2013/01/18/facebook-builds-new-data-centers-for-cold-storage/|publisher=Datacenterknowledge.com|accessdate=21 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522004410/http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2013/01/18/facebook-builds-new-data-centers-for-cold-storage/|archive-date=22 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> with 350 million new photos every day. For each uploaded photo, Facebook generates and stores four images of different sizes, which translated to a total of 960 billion images and an estimated 357 petabytes of storage.<ref>{{cite web|last=Leung|first=Leo|title=How much data does x store?|url=http://techexpectations.org/2014/05/17/hovsdaDSqwrmwqwfEqw-much-data-does-x-store/|publisher=Techexpectations.org|accessdate=21 May 2014}}{{deadlink|date=November 2018}}</ref> | |||
| * Music: One petabyte of average ]-encoded songs (for mobile, roughly one megabyte per minute), would require 2000 years to play.<ref name="computerweekly.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/What-does-a-petabyte-look-like|title=What does a petabyte look like?|accessdate=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128072952/http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/What-does-a-petabyte-look-like|archive-date=28 January 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
| * ], a digital distribution service, delivers over 16 petabytes of content to American users weekly.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Steam ISP stats lay Australia's dire internet connectivity bare|url=http://www.pcgamer.com/steam-isp-stats-lay-australias-dire-internet-connectivity-bare/|magazine=PC Gamer}}</ref> | |||
| * Physics: The ] in the ] produce about 15 petabytes of data per year, which are distributed over the ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.interactions.org/cms/?pid=1027032 |title=3 October 2008 - CERN: Let the number-crunching begin: the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid celebrates first data |publisher=Interactions.org |accessdate=16 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601030904/http://www.interactions.org/cms/?pid=1027032 |archive-date=1 June 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In July 2012 it was revealed that ] amassed about 200 petabytes of data from the more than 800 trillion collisions looking for the ].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.itbusinessedge.com/cm/blogs/lawson/the-big-data-software-problem-behind-cerns-higgs-boson-hunt/?cs=50736| title=Big Data Software Problem Behind CERN's Higgs Boson Hunt| access-date=5 July 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709034007/http://www.itbusinessedge.com/cm/blogs/lawson/the-big-data-software-problem-behind-cerns-higgs-boson-hunt/?cs=50736| archive-date=9 July 2012| url-status=dead}}</ref> The Large Hadron Collider is also able to produce 1 petabyte of data per second, but most of it is filtered out.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.cern/about/updates/2017/07/cern-data-centre-passes-200-petabyte-milestone|title=CERN Data Centre passes the 200-petabyte milestone|publisher=CERN|accessdate=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706154354/http://home.cern/about/updates/2017/07/cern-data-centre-passes-200-petabyte-milestone|archive-date=6 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> | |||
| * Neurology: It is estimated that the ]'s ability to store memories is equivalent to about 2.5 petabytes of binary data.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Reber |first=Paul |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=what-is-the-memory-capacity |title=What Is the Memory Capacity of the Human Brain? |magazine=Scientific American |date=2 April 2013 |accessdate=14 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/explainer/2012/04/north_korea_s_2_mb_of_knowledge_taunt_how_many_megabytes_does_the_human_brain_hold_.html|title=Your Brain's Technical Specs|last=Wickman|first=Forrest|date=2012-04-24|work=Slate|access-date=2017-03-31|language=en-US|issn=1091-2339}}</ref> | |||
| * Video: Uncompressed 1080p 30 fps HD RGB video (1920x1080 pixels / 3 bytes per pixel) running for 100 years would amount to approximately 600 PB of data. | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| {{Computer Storage Volumes}} | |||
| ] | |||
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