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This article, Seam-shifted wake, has recently been created via the Articles for creation process. Please check to see if the reviewer has accidentally left this template after accepting the draft and take appropriate action as necessary. Reviewer tools: Inform author

This article, Seam-shifted wake, has recently been created via the Articles for creation process. Please check to see if the reviewer has accidentally left this template after accepting the draft and take appropriate action as necessary. Reviewer tools: Inform author

Seam-Shifted Wake (SSW) is an aerodynamic phenomenon involving baseballs. The term was coined in 2019 by Andrew Smith during his work on the phenomenon with Barton L. Smith (no relation) at Utah State University. Nazmus Sakib and John Garrett also contributed to the early work.

The USU group showed that MLB baseball seams, when in specific locations relative to the direction of the ball, force the boundary layer to separate earlier than it normally would. If this occurs on one side of the ball and not on the opposite side, a net force is produced. This force can be similar in magnitude to that caused by spin (i.e. the Magnus effect).

In the particle image velocimetry image shown, the seam on the top of the ball is causing separation (wake formation) on the top closer to the front of the ball than normal. The separation on the bottom of the ball is at the normal location.

The resultant movement from this effect had been noted by others before and named the "laminar effect" based on a mistaken notion that smooth portions of the ball caused a laminar boundary layer more prone to separation than a turbulent boundary layer. This was most often discussed with respect to 2-seam fastballs.

Data from MLB on pitch spin and movement, which were not available in 2019, now make it clear that SSW effects are present in most pitches.

Some claim benefits from SSW pitches in terms of batter outcomes .

References

1. Smith, A. W., & Smith, B. L. (2021). Using baseball seams to alter a pitch direction: The seam shifted wake. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 235(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754337120961609
2. "Laminar Express: Using Baseball Science to Enhance Two-Seam Fastballs". 21 January 2019.
3. "Not Just About Magnus Anymore". 5 November 2020.
4. "What is 'seam-shifted wake' and which pitchers benefit most from it?".

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