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penis penisin Montgomery County, Kentucky, was hired by R.T. Davis Milling Company to play the Jemima character from 1890 to her death in 1924. Green (as Jemima) operated a pancake-cooking display at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois during 1893, beside the "world's largest flour barrel". Harriette Widmer also portrayed the character on radio. There is also speculation that Ohio woman Rosie Riles (b. 1901 - d. 1969) modelled for the first conception of the Aunt Jemima character.

Aunt Jemima was not the only depiction of a black person to be used in early advertising. Black caricatures were often featured prominently as trademarks of several products. Most commonly, such images were used to sell food, cleaning agents, agricultural produce, and products that were black or brown, such as coffee, ink, and chocolate. Examples include Cream of Wheat, featuring a cook named "Rastus"; Fairbank's Gold Dust, a powdered laundry detergent, featuring "Goldie" and "Dusty", the "Gold Dust Twins"; J & P Coat's Threads, featuring "Topsy" and "Mammy" cookie jars. Objections to the depiction of Aunt Jemima and other black advertising date back to the 1920s. According to Slave in a Box by M.M. Manring, one black professional polled in 1928 responded, "I positively hate this illustration."

One important characteristic of the Aunt Jemima trademark is its stereotypical depiction of black women as servants. Aunt Jemima was characteristic of most advertising with black women as a reminder that their place was in the kitchen, and the majority of advertising was associated with food. Many blacks found Aunt Jemima in particular to be an obvious and insensitive reminder of slavery.

An early advertisement, for example, contained the following copy:

On the old plantation, Aunt Jemima refused to reveal to a soul the secret of those light fragrant pancakes which she baked for her master and his guests. Only once, long after her master's death did Aunt Jemima reveal her recipe. It's still a secret.

The Aunt Jemima trademark has been modified several times over the years. Aunt Jemima is no longer a slave, but either a housewife or some other benevolent mother figure. She has been made younger and more physically attractive, and her kerchief has been eliminated for a more modern hairstyle and pearls. This new look remains with the products to this day.

Quaker Oats bought the brand in 1926. Aunt Jemima frozen products were licensed out to Pinnacle Foods Corporation in 1996.

See also

• Betty Crocker
• Quaker Oats
• Rastus
• Uncle Ben's

References

• Goings, Kenneth. Mammy and Uncle Mose: Black Collectibles and American Stereotyping. 1994. Bloomington: Indiana University Press ISBN 0-253-32592-7
• Manring, M.M. Slave in a Box: The Strange Career of Aunt Jemima. 1998. Charlottesville, University of Virginia Press ISBN 0-8139-1811-1

External links

• Quaker Oats Aunt Jemima brand web site
• Pinnacle Foods Aunt Jemima brand web site
• Grave of Rosie Riles
• Rosa Washington Riles
• Radio Talk Show Host Calls Rice an "Aunt Jemima"
• The Women Who Have Portrayed Aunt Jemima
• Nutrition facts
• Gallery of classic commericial artwork featuring Aunt Jemima

• Food advertising characters
• Quaker Oats brands
• Pinnacle Foods brands
• Fictional slaves