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Amendment XIX (the Nineteenth Amendment) to the United States Constitution, also known as the Susan B. Anthony Amendment, was passed by a joint resolution of the U.S. Congress on June 4, 1919, and was ratified by the last state necessary on August 18, 1920. The Secretary of State certified the ratification on August 26, 1920. It granted women the right to vote. It reads:
- The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.
- Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
The amendment was the culmination of the work of many activists in favor of women's suffrage. One such group called the Silent Sentinels protested in front of the White House for 18 months starting in 1917 to raise awareness of the issue.
On February 27, 1922, a challenge to the 19th Amendment was rebuffed by the Supreme Court of the United States.