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Jakov Mikalja

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Mikalja's dictionary

Giacomo Micaglia or Jakov Mikalja. (March 31, 1601 - December 1, 1654) was a linguist and lexicographer, the author of an early Illyric dictionary. Illyric where formerly referred the Croat language spoken in Croatia. Today we know that two different Croatian dialects were spoken in Dalmatia: the Štokavian (Štokavski) and the Chakavian (čakavski).

Life

Micaglia was born in the Slavic settlement of Peschici on the peninsula of Gargano in South Italy. He said about himself, that he was Slavic by language, and Italian for ethnicity.. After completing the studies in philosophy in 1628, he became a Jesuit. Because of his knowdlege of the langauages, Micaglia was sent in Ragusa by the Jesuists, it was the time of the Counter-Reformation, and the Church whised to restore his power even in the Balkans. For four years (1630-1633) Micaglia taught grammar at the Jesuit College in Ragusa. There he made a "Latin grammar for Illyric students" after Emanuel Alvares (De institutione grammatica pro Illyricis accommodata, 1637).

In 1636, Micaglia sent a letter to the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, proposing a reform of the Latin alphabet for the needs of the Illyric language. He discussed the same issue in the chapter "On Slavic Orthography" of his Illyric work God-Loving Thoughts on the Lord's Prayer Taken from the Books of St Thomas Aquinas, the Angelic Doctor (Bratislava, 1642).

From 1637 to 1645 he was a missionary among the Catholics in Timişoara (Romania). He was the Croatian confessor in Loreto from 1645 till his death.

Dictionary

Micaglia's greatest work is Thesaurus of Illyric Language and Illyric Dictionary (where Illyric words are translated in Italian and Latin). It was first printed in Loreto in 1649, but a better printing press was needed, so it was completed in Ancona in 1651. The dictionary was a projeact of the Jesuits, to have a mean to fight the effect of the Protestant Reformation in Dalmatia. It was the first Croatian dictionary with Croatian as the starting language.

The introduction to the dictionary has a Latin dedication, a note to the reader in Italian (Al benigno lettore), a presentation of the alphabet and orthography in Latin and Croatian (Od ortographie jezika slovinskoga ili načina od pisanja), and an Italian grammar in Croatian (Grammatika Talianska). Micaglia explains in the foreword that he chose the "Bosnian tongue" (today recognized to be the Shtokavian dialect) because "everyone says that the Bosnian language is the most beautiful one" (Ogn'un dice che la lingua Bosnese sia la piu bella). The dictionary, intended primarily to teach students and young Jesuits, has around 25,000 Croatian words, mostly in the Ijekavian variant, with some Shtokavian and Chakavian Ikavian forms.

Works

  • Bogoljubno razmiscgljanje od ocenascja Pokupgljeno iz kgniga Svetoga Tomme od Aquina Nauciteglja Anghjelskoga (God-Loving Thoughts on the Lord's Prayer Taken from the Books of St Thomas Aquinas, the Angelic Doctor, Bratislava, 1642)
  • Blago jezika slovinskoga illi slovnik u komu izgovarajuse rjeci slovinske Latinski i Diacki (Thesaurus of the Slavic Language or Dictionary with Slavic Words in Latin and Italian, Ancona, 1651)

External link

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