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Chaldean may refer to:

1. historical Babylonia, in particular in a Hellenistic context
   • Chaldea, "the Chaldees" was a Hellenistic designation for a part of Babylonia.
   • The 11th dynasty of Babylon (6th century BC) is conventionally known as the Chaldean Dynasty.
   • Chaldean mythology is a generalized term used to refer to all the mythologies of ancient Sumer, Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia.
   • The Chaldean Oracles played a role in Hellenistic mystery religions of the first centuries BC and AD.
   • "Chaldean" in Roman and medieval authors refers in particular to the mathematics and astrology of Babylonia, and hence of soothsayers or astrologers in general.
2. the Chaldean Catholic Church (since 1553)
   • the subset of the contemporary Assyrian people adhering to this church.
   • the Chaldean Neo-Aramaic spoken by Chaldean Catholics.
   • "Chaldean script" is sometimes used to refer to the Eastern Syriac alphabet.
3. the Khaldi, called Chaldeans by classical authors in spite of being unrelated to the Assyrians
   • Chaldean language in old references may refer to the Urartian language

• Disambiguation pages
• Mesopotamia
• Chaldeans
• Assyria