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HTTP pipelining is a technique in which multiple HTTP requests are written out to a single socket without waiting for the corresponding responses. Pipelining is only supported in HTTP/1.1, not in 1.0.

The pipelining of requests results in a dramatic improvement in page loading times, especially over high latency connections such as satellite Internet connections.

Since it is usually possible to fit several HTTP requests in the same TCP packet, HTTP pipelining allows fewer TCP packets to be sent over the network, reducing network load.

Only idempotent requests should be pipelined, such as GET and HEAD requests. POST requests should not be pipelined. Requests on a new connection should not be pipelined either, since it has not yet been determined if the origin server (or proxy server) supports HTTP/1.1. Hence, pipelining can only be done when reusing an existing (keepalive) persistent connection.

HTTP pipelining requires both the client and the server to support it. HTTP/1.1 conforming servers are required to support pipelining. This does not mean that servers are required to pipeline responses, but that they are required not to fail if a client chooses to pipeline requests.

pipelining is the lining of pipes

External links

• HTTP/1.1 Pipelining FAQ at mozilla.org
• "Network Performance Effects of HTTP/1.1, CSS1, and PNG" at w3.org
• "Optimizing Page Load Times" article
• phttpget
• "Pipelining optimizations in Firefox"

• HTTP