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Michael Joseph Jackson (born August 29, 1958), commonly known as MJ as well as The King of Pop, is an American musician, entertainer, and pop icon whose career and personal life have been a part of pop culture for almost 40 years.

Widely regarded as one of the greatest entertainers and most popular recording artists in history, Jackson displays complicated physical techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk, that have redefined mainstream dance and entertainment. His achievements in the music industry have included a revolutionary transformation of music videos, establishing high-profile album releases and sales as a new trend for record companies to generate profits, dominating pop music during the 1980s, and becoming the first black entertainer to amass a strong following on MTV while leading the relatively young channel out of obscurity. His distinctive style, moves, and vocals have inspired, influenced, and spawned a whole generation of hip hop, pop, and R&B artists. He has been named the "Most Successful Entertainer of All Time" by Guinness World Records.

Jackson began his musical career at the age of five with the Jackson Family vocal group. He released his first solo recording, Got to Be There, in 1971, while remaining a member of the group. In his solo career, Jackson recorded and co-produced the best-selling album of all time, Thriller, which has worldwide sales exceeding 104 million. After Thriller, Jackson continued to release internationally chart-topping albums like Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991), HIStory (1995), and Invincible (2001), his latest album of fully original material. Michael Jackson has received thirteen Grammy Awards and charted thirteen #1 singles in the United States, more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era. In November 2006, the World Music Awards announced that Michael Jackson had sold over 750 million units worldwide and given $300 million to charity, making Jackson one of the best-selling music artists and one of the most charitable humanitarians of all time, whose efforts on the latter front have been acknowledged with a Nobel Peace Prize nomination. However Jackson's controversial appearance and actions has damaged his reputation in the eyes of some of the public and album sales has been in decline since the mid 1990`s.

From 1988 to 2005, Jackson lived on his Neverland Ranch property, where he built an amusement park and private zoo that was frequently attended by disadvantaged and terminally ill children. Rumors of sleepover parties received both negative media coverage and public attention after it was revealed that children frequently slept in his bed or bedroom. This first came to light when he was accused of child sexual abuse in 1993. Michael Jackson's relationship with children was brought into the spotlight again in 2003 when the TV documentary Living with Michael Jackson was broadcast. This resulted in Jackson being tried, and later acquitted, of more child molestation allegations and several other charges in 2005. After this, Jackson went on hiatus, travelling to countries such as Bahrain, before starting work on new material in Ireland. He will be releasing a new album on February 112008 called Thriller 25 which will include new material.

Influence

As the biggest solo star since Elvis Presley, Michael Jackson has had a notable impact on music and culture throughout the world while also tearing down social barriers and paving the way for modern pop music and the concept of the modern pop star in his own country. He has been described as an "extremely important figure in the history of popular culture," a person with "planetary influence," and is one of the most famous living humans. Michael Jackson holds the record as the most awarded recording artist in history. Throughout his four-decade career, he has received numerous honors and awards, including the World Music Award's Best-Selling Pop Male Artist of the Millennium, the American Music Award's Artist of the Century Award, and the Bambi's Pop Artist of the Millennium Award. He is a double-inductee of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (once as a member of The Jackson 5 in 1997 and as a solo artist in 2001) and an inductee of the Songwriters Hall of Fame. He is characterized as "an unstoppable juggernaut, possessed of all the tools to dominate the charts seemingly at will: an instantly identifiable voice, eye-popping dance moves, stunning musical versatility, and loads of sheer star power". In 1990, Vanity Fair magazine named him the "Most Popular Artist in the History of Show Business". Jackson's work has influenced and spawned a whole generation of a wide variety of artists, including Mariah Carey, Usher, Britney Spears, Justin Timberlake, Omarion, Ne-Yo, and Chris Brown, among others.

Music videos and MTV

Michael Jackson is widely regarded as being the first artist to elevate music videos to a meaningful art form, setting off new trends of story-telling, mini-movies, and choreographed dance sequences that dominate the genre to this day. The concept of the short film, epitomized by 1983's "Thriller" but also seen in other Jackson videos such as "Ghosts", "Bad", "Smooth Criminal", and "Remember the Time", would largely remain unique to him, but the group-scene dancing pioneered by "Beat It" and popularized by "Thriller" has been a staple of music videos ever since. The dance sequence from "Thriller" has captivated popular culture worldwide, being replicated everywhere from Indian movies to Western wedding ceremonies.

Central to Michael Jackson’s success with music videos was the relatively young music channel MTV, created in 1981, which put Jackson’s videos in heavy rotation throughout the 1980s. Before the fruitful relationship materialized, however, Jackson struggled against the channel just to have his videos aired. In 1983, when Jackson came out with "Billie Jean", his first video from Thriller, MTV rarely aired videos by African-American performers and promptly refused Jackson’s requests for a running. Upon hearing the news, CBS Records President Walter Yetnikoff went livid, denouncing MTV and warning, "I’m pulling everything we have off the air, all our product. I’m not going to give you any more videos. And I’m going to go public and fucking tell them about the fact you don’t want to play music by a black guy". Yetnikoff's harsh stance and rhetoric worked; MTV retreated and started giving "Billie Jean" heavy coverage, laying the groundwork for a dynamic partnership with Jackson that would last for years. When the 14-minute long music video for "Thriller" came out in December 1983, it took MTV by storm, running as often as twice within an hour at its height. True to its name, the video also had the feeling of a psychological thriller, reportedly scaring viewers across the United States, especially young children. "Thriller" marked the beginning of a new era in music videos and is often cited as the greatest music video of all time.

Michael Jackson is often credited for putting MTV, initially a struggling cable channel, on the map "with pioneering videos such as "Thriller", "Billie Jean", and "Beat It". In response to Jackson's influence, MTV shifted its musical focus as time went on, going from rock videos to more and more pop and R&B showings.

Legacy of Thriller

Released in 1982, Thriller became the most commercially successful album of all time and one of the most critically acclaimed, single-handedly transforming Jackson into his generation's Elvis or the Beatles and making him the "late 20th century's pre-eminent pop icon". It remains Jackson's most celebrated musical achievement and has acquired a prominent position in American culture. In the 1980s, it was an indelible part of American life, as described by TIME magazine, "The numbers, which are incredible, are also becoming indelible. How many Beatles were there? How many homers did Babe Ruth hit? How many Grammy Awards did Michael Jackson win on Feb. 28? How many copies of Thriller have been sold? Well, the Grammys are easy".

The second track released from the album and Jackson's highest-selling single ever, "Billie Jean", has been described as "one of the most sonically eccentric, psychologically fraught, downright bizarre things ever to land on Top 40 radio". Jackson's earlier solo work in Off the Wall had revealed a disco-funk combination, but "Billie Jean," edged onwards by a "pulsing, cat-on-the-prowl bass figure, whip-crack downbeat and eerie multi-tracked vocals ricocheting in the vast spaces between keyboards and strings", featured a new and revolutionary sound, one that made Jackson's idiosyncratic vocals a staple of pop music and established a sleek, post-soul tune "whose echoes can be heard to this day". Apart from the title track and the accompanying music video, the album's other memorable single was "Beat It", which Jackson described as "the type of rock song that I would go out and buy, but also something totally different from the rock music I was hearing on Top Forty radio". The song was a crossover hit, buoyed by a "watch-my-fingers-fly guitar solo provided by Eddie Van Halen".

Apart from establishing Jackson's iconic status and a new pop sound, Thriller revolutionized the music industry, which was watching in anticipation as the juggernaut comfortably and steadily broke record after record. Gil Friesen, President of A&M Records, stated that "the whole industry has a stake in this success". At its height, Thriller was an industry in and of itself, with the Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller, a videotape describing the secrets behind the new music video that was released in the Christmas of 1983, going on to sell 350,000 copies by March 1984.

The main influence Thriller had on the industry involved raising the importance of the album as a means of musical distribution. After Thriller, which, by posting seven top ten Hot 100 hits, had shattered traditional notions of how many singles an album could release before falling in popularity, record companies took an interest in following Michael Jackson's approach of releasing high-profile albums once every few years. Although the importance of singles relative to albums had started to wane before the 1980s, Thriller firmly established the album as the dominant force in the music industry, a status it retains to this day.

TIME magazine summed up the impact of Thriller as follows: "For a record industry stuck on the border between the ruins of punk and the chic regions of synthesizer pop, Thriller was a thorough restoration of confidence, a rejuvenation. Its effect on listeners, especially younger ones, was nearer to a revelation". Additionally, Thriller marked the return of black music to commercial radio for the first time in years, leading Quincy Jones to the following characterization of the doors opened by Michael Jackson: "No doubt about it, he's taken us right up there where we belong. Black music had to play second fiddle for a long time, but its spirit is the whole motor of pop. Michael has connected with every soul in the world". By overcoming what some have called the "apartheid of pop", Jackson paved the way for the success of future acts, most immediately and notably Prince, who had been confined to low levels of airplay before Thriller opened the floodgates.

Style and performance

Among the most celebrated aspects of Michael Jackson's career have been his dance, fashion, and vocal styles, which have given rise to impersonators all over the world. In 1984, TIME magazine wrote the following on the singer's notable style: "His high-flying tenor makes him sound like the lead in some funked-up boys choir, even as the sexual dynamism irradiating from the arch of his dancing body challenges Government standards for a nuclear meltdown. His lithe frame, five-fathom eyes, long lashes might be threatening if Jackson gave, even for a second, the impression that he is obtainable".

Jackson's dancing abilities were always an important part of his life, and ones that he honed through constant training and dedication, manifested, according to TIME, by " himself up at the house in a room that has no mirrors—"Mirrors make you pose," he has said—and loose to his own music or to the Isley Brothers' Showdown, practicing what Dancer Hinton Battle calls "moves that kill. It's the combinations that really distinguish him as an artist. Spin, stop, pull up leg, pull jacket open, turn, freeze. And the glide, where he steps forward while pushing back. Spinning three times and popping up on his toes. That's a trademark, and a move a lot of professionals wouldn't try. If you go up wrong, you can really hurt yourself". Jackson has been described as an "avant-garde dancer" that allowed his techniques to acquire meaning through the "theatrical context" surrounding them. His dancing abilities, sometimes compared to past greats like Fred Astaire and Rudolf Nureyev, have contributed strongly to his perceived status as one of the greatest performers of all time.

Michael Jackson's "Billie Jean" outing at Motown 25 on May 16, 1983 is widely regarded as one of the greatest performances of all time, despite the fact that Jackson lip-synched the song. More than 50 million viewers tuned in to see the special and Jackson perform his most popular song at the time. It marked a new height in his popularity, pushed forward by the publicly-dubbed "moonwalk," an illusory move designed to create the impression that the dancer is walking backwards. The moonwalk became Jackson's signature dance move and he would replicate it in all future performances of "Billie Jean." Jackson did not invent the move, but he was responsible for perfecting it, making it a household name, and enshrining it into the psyche of American culture, which witnessed kids and people of all age groups trying to do the move after the Motown special as well as earning a fitting peroration from the New York Times: "The moonwalk that he made famous is an apt metaphor for his dance style. How does he do it? As a technician, he is a great illusionist, a genuine mime. His ability to keep one leg straight as he glides while the other bends and seems to walk requires perfect timing". In the 1990's, Jackson experimented with an innovative 'leaning' move in his music video performances for which he was granted U.S. Patent 5,255,452.

Michael Jackson's outfits, everything from the sequined white glove, which has led to some dubbing him as "The Gloved One", to the jacket in the "Thriller" music video, have been essential components of his image and performance. The "Jheri-curled hair and single-gloved, zippered-jacket look" became a favorite for many people across the United States in the 1980s. Jackson has also made the fedora hat something of a trademark in his exhibitions, and many modern artists pay tribute to the look.

Themes and genres

Michael Jackson's musical palette has covered everything from disco and pop to rock and R&B. Jackson's musical themes have been equally varied, featuring material on typical pop subjects like love and joy as well as more mature works on social justice and his convoluted relationship with the media. Jackson's solo career with Motown in the 1970s was largely unimaginative, dominated as it was by label-backed songwriters and producers intent on giving the young performer typical ballads and other similarly-styled melodious tracks. In his two-decade career with Epic, however, Jackson displayed extensive creativity, gradually evolving from compositions with mild, non-controversial messages to songs dealing with increasingly solemn and darker themes, a reflection of his personal struggles and his status as an international icon.

Off the Wall and Thriller showcased a Michael Jackson primarily focused on making dance hits and ballads with catchy tunes and rhythms. While this preoccupation would continue in his future work, it would also be colored by various shifts and improvisations. Even in this early material, however, Jackson displayed notable paradoxes, mixing the melodious and comfortable sounds of "Lady in My Life" with the haunting and terrorized environments of "Billie Jean" and "Beat It", where women accused him of fathering their children and the outside world seemed strange and hostile. Bad was accused by some of not delivering the exciting lyrics evident in Thriller, being more intent on consolidating a traditional pop sound and defeating the records of Jackson's previous releases. The album left clues for future projects, however, mentioning in the tense intro to "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" that "A lot of people misunderstand me....because they don't know me at all". Bad included Jackson's first major inspirational song, "Man in the Mirror", which was praised for its message and captivating sound and also criticized as, among other things, "pure pabulum."

Jackson's work in the 1990s was characterized by more introspective material. Some have argued that the Dangerous album represented Jackson at a "near peak" in terms of musical quality and creativity and received more critical acclaim than his previous Bad album. Several things remained the same, with the title track to Dangerous ensuring another song about a "predatory lover". More and more of Jackson's music in the decade, like "Black or White", "Heal the World", "They Don't Care About Us", and "Earth Song", started addressing sociopolitical issues around the world. The music in Dangerous, described as a "a sonic machine world" with "synthetic basslines, swooshing scratched records, clanking metallic noises", reflected old influences while absorbing new trends, made all the more pressing by Jackson's habit of releasing albums once every four or so years, time periods that allowed for significant development in the sound of pop music.

HIStory, arguably Jackson's most conflictive album, revealed a "furious" pop icon worn by years of superstardom, with Jon Pareles of the New York Times writing that "It has been a long time since Michael Jackson was simply a performer. He's the main asset of his own corporation, which is a profitable subsidiary of Sony". The album featured Jackson using profanity and other controversial lyrics, which forced him to modify some of the words to "They Don't Care About Us". Edged onwards by a quasi-messianic flair, he also railed against the media in "Tabloid Junkie", singing, "With your pen you torture me/You'd crucify the Lord" and that "Just because you read it in a magazine/ Or see it on a TV screen/ Don't make it factual". HIStory mostly encompassed reflective compositions, presenting only one conventional love song, "You Are Not Alone".

Connection with Slash

Jackson formed a long term musical bond with acclaimed guitarist Slash. Indeed, Slash is Jackson's only long term musical partner in his solo career. Slash came to fame as lead guitarist for Guns N' Roses and has since remained prolific in Velvet Revolver. A punky L.A. rocker, his style provided a contrasting foil to Jackson's. Slash first joined Jackson in 1991 for the Dangerous album. He wrote/performed the introduction to "Black or White" and played three solos on "Give in to Me". During the Dangerous World Tour and at music award ceremonies, Slash appeared on stage for a few performances of "Black or White". Slash also featured in the "Give in to Me" music video, performing the entirety of the song on stage with Jackson in a pseudo-live performance featuring Guns N' Roses then-rhythm guitarist Gilby Clarke.

With "Beat It" on Thriller, "Dirty Diana" on Bad and "Black or White" on Dangerous, Jackson made having a pop rock song on his albums a staple, each featuring a famous guitarist. After Dangerous however, Slash became the regular guest on Jackson's albums. On HIStory, he performed a lengthy solo for "D.S." and on Invincible the solo for "Privacy". To confirm the solos' performer, Jackson shouted "Slash!" before these solos.

Slash has appeared with Jackson a few times since the "Dangerous World Tour". He had a few similar appearances during the "HIStory World Tour", including one in Seoul, South Korea in 1996. This was held at the "Chamsil Olympic Stadium" and filmed for a live broadcast and commercial release on VHS.

He appeared at Jackson's MTV Music Video Awards 1995 performance to play "Black or White", played a solo, then remained on stage to play along to the opening of "Billie Jean" (this performance was later released on Video Greatest Hits - HIStory). In 2001, on Jackson's 30th Anniversary Concert Slash appeared to perform "Black or White" and "Beat It" (including the trademark Eddie Van Halen solo).

Personal life

Michael Jackson's personal life, like any other celebrities', has been under the spotlight for decades. His marriages and children, his physical appearance, his humanitarian efforts, and accusations of child molestation have all witnessed a variety of media coverage all over the world.

Marriages and children

Jackson married Lisa Marie Presley, the daughter of Elvis Presley, in 1994. Presley maintained during their marriage that they shared a married couple's life and were sexually active. They divorced less than two years later, although still remain friends. Jackson's second wife Debbie Rowe spoke about the couple's post-marriage friendship amidst "stories about Michael having an affair with his ex-wife Lisa Marie Presley", saying that: "They have a relationship, and what people don't understand is his relationship with her is separate from his relationship with me. They're friends, they're very good friends... I am glad that they have a relationship together. I am glad to see them together; they have a lot in common."

On November 14, 1996, during the Australian leg of the HIStory World Tour, Jackson married his dermatologist's nurse Deborah Jeanne Rowe, with whom he fathered a son, Michael Joseph Jackson, Jr. (also known as "Prince"), and a daughter, Paris Katherine Jackson. Jackson and Rowe divorced in 1999. Jackson later said that Rowe wanted him to have the children as a "gift". The paternity of Michael Jackson's children has been heavily debated by the public. Both Jackson and Rowe have always maintained that his first two children were conceived naturally.

In November 2002, Jackson traveled to Berlin to accept an award for his humanitarian efforts. He was surrounded by fans outside his room at the Hotel Adlon who were chanting in approval of the singer. According to the pop star, they also called out to see his baby. In response, Jackson brought his son onto the balcony, holding him in his right arm with a cloth loosely draped over the baby's face in order to protect his identity from the media. Jackson briefly extended the baby over the railing of the balcony. This raised concern as some perceived his actions as child endangerment, although Jackson has vehemently denied these tabloid rumors, saying that he was holding the baby tightly. Jackson said that the media was wrong in their comments about him being irresponsible with his children, "I love my children," he explained. "I was holding my son tight. Why would I throw a baby off the balcony? That's the dumbest, stupidest story I ever heard."

The controversial documentary Living with Michael Jackson aired in February 2003 in the UK (on the 3rd) and in the US (on the 6th). The documentary included interviews with Jackson which included information on his private life. British journalist Martin Bashir and his film crew filmed Jackson for 18 months, also capturing his controversial behavior in Berlin. One particular part of the documentary, which stirred controversy and raised a significant level of concern, showed Jackson holding hands with a then 13-year-old cancer victim Gavin Arviso, and admitting to sharing his bedroom with him (but not in the same bed) as well as sharing his bed (non-sexually) with other children.

Jackson felt betrayed by Bashir and complained that the film gives a distorted picture. In response to the media scrutiny, two specials were aired: Michael Jackson: The Footage You Were Never Meant to See and Michael Jackson's Private Home Movies. Michael Jackson: The Footage You Were Never Meant to See which aired later in February showed uncut footage of the Living with Michael Jackson documentary. The Michael Jackson's Private Home Movies aired in April was a 2-hour special with footage of Michael Jackson's home videos and included commentary by Jackson.

Humanitarian efforts

Jackson began his charity work in 1981 with his brothers following the Triumph tour where they raised $100,000 for the Atlanta Children’s Foundation. In 1984, following his burning accident with Pepsi the drinks manufacture gave Jackson a $1.5 million out of court settlement which he donated to the Michael Jackson Burn Centre set up in his Honour. In July 1984 he donated his $5million share from the Victory tour to charity. In 1985 Jackson co-wrote with Lionel Richie the hit song "We Are the World", and sung a featured solo on the charity single. The record helped to raise money and awareness for the famine in East Africa and was one of the first instances where Jackson was seen as a humanitarian. All profits from his 1988 hit single "Man in the Mirror" went to charity.

From 1985–1990 Jackson had donated $500,000 to the United Negro College. In 1992, Jackson founded the "Heal the World Foundation" (named after his humanitarian single "Heal the World"). The charity organization brought underprivileged children to Jackson's Neverland Ranch, located outside Santa Ynez, California, to go on theme park rides which Jackson had built on the property after he purchased it in 1988. All profits from the Dangerous World Tour went to his foundation raising many millions of dollars in relief. Jacksons 1995 international #1 hit Earth Song showed a shift in his concerns to environmental issues and ends with a disclaimer asking for donations for his "Heal the World Foundation". In 1998 Jackson was nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize.

In late 2002, Jackson's Heal the World Foundation had net assets of just US$3,542 and reported $2,585 in expenses, mostly for management fees. The foundation was suspended in California since April 2002 for supposedly failing to file annual statements required of tax-exempt organizations, according to John Barrett, spokesman for the state Franchise Tax Board. The "Heal the World Foundation spread millions of dollars around the globe to help children threatened by war and disease," thanks to the efforts of Michael Jackson, but the forced closure of the Foundation leaves many of these children without aid. At the World Music Awards in 2006 Beyonce announced that Jackson had given $300 million to charity and that Jackson has been actively involved with 39 charity organizations around the world.

Physical appearance

Jackson's skin was a medium-brown color for the entire duration of his youth, but starting in 1982 his skin gradually became paler. This change became so noticeable that it gained widespread media coverage, with some tabloids claiming that he was bleaching his skin. The structure of his face has changed as well, and several surgeons have speculated that Jackson has undergone multiple nasal surgeries as well as a forehead lift, thinned lips and cheekbone surgery.

Appearing on The Oprah Winfrey Show in 1993, Jackson struck back against the rumors, claiming that the change in his skin color was due to the disease vitiligo. In the interview, Jackson became quite emotional, saying that: "I'm a black American, I am proud of my race. I am proud of who I am. I have a lot of pride and dignity... I have a skin disorder that destroys the pigmentation of my skin, it's something that I cannot help, OK? But when people make up stories that I don't want to be what I am it hurts me... It's a problem for me that I can't control." Jackson also responded to tabloid rumors about the amount of plastic surgery he had had done, insisting that he's had "Very, very little. I mean you can count on my two fingers," and furthermore said that "I've never had my cheekbones done, never had my eyes done, never had my lips done and all this stuff, they just go too far." These assertions echoed what Jackson wrote in his 1988 autobiography Moon Walk: that he only had two rhinoplastic surgeries and the surgical creation of a cleft in his chin. In the book, he attributed the noticeable change in the structure of his face to puberty and diet. Despite Jackson's protests some news sources, particularly tabloid newspapers, have pointedly continued to express skepticism about his claims.

Child molestation charges

"If a man could say nothing against a character but what he can prove, history could not be written."

— This quotation from the British author Samuel Johnson was cited in a statement by Michael Jackson released by People Magazine, 1988

Jackson was reported to be allowing children to sleepover at his Neverland ranch. This practice came under much media and public scrutiny, in 1993, when child molestation allegations were brought against Jackson by a child who had stayed with him on several occasions. That year, Jordan Chandler, the son of former Beverly Hills dentist Evan Chandler, represented by civil lawyer Larry Feldman, accused Jackson of child sexual abuse. On December 22, Jackson responded to the allegations via satellite from his Neverland compound and claimed to be "totally innocent of any wrongdoing". On January 25 1994, Jackson settled out of court with the accuser for an undisclosed sum, reported to be US$20 million. The family dropped the charges.

On December 18 2003, Jackson was charged with seven counts of child molestation and two counts of administering an intoxicating agent in order to commit that felony, all regarding the same boy, (Gavin Arvizo), under 14. The felony complaint stated that Jackson had committed seven lewd acts and two acts of administration of an intoxicating agent to enable the former accusations. Jackson denied these allegations, saying that the sleepovers were in no way sexual in nature. Jackson's friend, Elizabeth Taylor, defended him on Larry King Live, saying that she had been there when they "were in the bed, watching television. There was nothing abnormal about it. There was no touchy-feely going on. We laughed like children, and we watched a lot of Walt Disney. There was nothing odd about it."

The People v. Jackson trial began in Santa Maria, California, on January 31, 2005, and lasted until the end of May 2005, with Jackson being acquitted on all counts in June. It was one of the largest and most documented trials in world history. About 2,200 media credentials to over 30 news organizations from around the world were issued to cover the trial, more than what was given for the trials of O. J. Simpson and Scott Peterson combined. Jackson's popularity outside the United States ensured a distinctly international crowd of reporters. On top of the media, Santa Maria was also flooded with Jackson fans, 1,200 of whom heard and celebrated the ten not guilty verdicts right outside the courthouse.

The District Attorney of Santa Barbara County in California, Tom Sneddon, has led two efforts against Jackson involving child molestation. The first incident, in 1993, resulted in no charges and the second, at the end of 2003, culminated in a trial two years later in which Jackson was acquitted on all counts. These repeated prosecutions have led to suggestions that Sneddon was motivated by a "mission" or "vendetta" against Jackson. Although Sneddon has a good track record, evidence to support Jackson's claim is quite strong, as Sneddon joked about Jackson's greatest hits album being released on the same day as his arrest, called him "Wacko Jacko" and also shouted "we got him, we finally got him" to the world media when he had at the time minimal evidence.

Finances

Music catalogs and loans

Michael Jackson purchased ownership in ATV Music Publishing in 1985, which owns the publishing rights to songs written by The Beatles and many other acts. Paul McCartney of The Beatles, who had also recorded with Jackson, was reportedly angered by the 'surprise' purchase, and this led to the two becoming estranged.

In 1995, Jackson and Sony Music Publishing merged their two catalogues to create, Sony-ATV. Jackson's 50% interest in the company (Sony Music Entertainment owns the other half) is estimated to be worth USD $500 million. Jackson also owns his own music catalogue called MiJac Publishing, which contains all of his songs and songs from Sly & the Family Stone.

Over the past 10 years, Jackson has secured two loans for USD $200 million and USD $70 million. The USD $200 million loan was secured by using Jackson's share of the Sony-ATV Catalogue as collateral. He later secured the USD $70 million loan by using his MiJac Catalogue as collateral. However, because of his declining sales, his MiJac Catalogue's value declined to under USD $100 million, therefore he was forced to use his Neverland Ranch and Hayvenhurst as added collateral to keep the loan.

In April 2005, the Bank of America sold the loan to Fortress Investments. Jackson continued to miss payments on the loan, and as of December 20, 2005, Fortress had the right to foreclose on the loan, allowing Sony Music the first right to buy Jackson's share of the loan. However, Fortress extended the loan, allowing Jackson time to get money together.

In a move named by Jackson's advisors as "refinancing," it was announced on April 14, 2006 that Jackson had struck a deal with Sony and Fortress Investments. In the deal Sony may be allowed to take control of half of Jackson's 50% stake in Sony/ATV Music Publishing (worth an estimated $1 billion) which Jackson co-owns. Jackson would be left with 25% of the catalogue, with the rest belonging to Sony.

In exchange, Sony negotiated with a loans company on behalf of Jackson. Jackson's $200m in loans were due in December 2005 and were secured on the catalogue. Jackson failed to pay and the Bank of America sold them to Fortress Investments, a company dealing in distressed loans. However, Jackson has not as yet sold any of the remainder of his stake. The possible purchase by Sony of 25% of Sony/ATV Music Publishing is a conditional option; it is assumed the singer will try to avoid having to sell part of the catalogue of songs including material by other artists such as Bob Dylan and Destiny's Child. As another part of the deal Jackson was given a new $300 million loan, and a lower interest rate on the old loan to match the original Bank of America rate. When the loan was sold to Fortress Investments they increased the interest rate to 20%. None of the details are officially confirmed. An advisor to Jackson, however, did publicly announce he had "restructured his finances with the assistance of Sony."

Michael Jackson owes a $5 million interest payment to Fortress Trust, the publicly traded hedge fund that bought his $272 million loan from Bank of America in April 2005 (the loan has been refinanced to $325 million by Fortress). The payment is due on Oct. 31, 2007.

Neverland Ranch employees

On March 9, 2006, California state labor officials closed the singer's Neverland Ranch and fined him $69,000 for failure to provide employment insurance. The state "stop order" bars Jackson from "using any employee labor" until he secured required workers' compensation insurance. In addition to being fined $1,000 for each of his 69 workers, Jackson is liable for up to 10 days pay for those employees who now are no longer allowed to report to Neverland for work. Thirty Neverland employees have also sued Jackson for $306,000 in unpaid wages.

Soon after this payment, Jackson's spokesperson announced on March 16 2006 that Jackson was closing his house at Neverland and had laid off some of the employees but added that reports of the closing of the entire ranch were inaccurate. There have been many reports of a possible sale of Neverland, but nothing tangible has been reported yet.

F. Marc Schaffel

In 2006, F. Marc Schaffel, a former associate of Jackson, filed a suit for millions of dollars allegedly owed to him after working with Jackson on an unreleased charity record named "What More Can I Give" and documentaries. Florida businessman Alvin Malnik, who had advised Jackson, appeared in court and stated that Jackson appeared to be bewildered by financial matters. Schaffel claimed to have made frequent loans to the singer totaling between $7 million and $10 million. He also claimed to have received an urgent plea from Jackson for $1 million so that Jackson could buy jewelry for Elizabeth Taylor so that she would agree to sign a release for her involvement in a Fox special.

On July 14 2006, the jury awarded Schaffel $900,000 of the original $3.8 million he sued Jackson for, which Schaffel later reduced to $1.6 million, and finally to $1.4 million. The jury also awarded Jackson $2,000 plus interest of the $660,000 that Jackson claimed he was owed by Schaffel. The trial revealed that Schaffel had been dismissed after Jackson learned of his past work as a director of gay pornography. Schaffel claimed that Jackson "once wanted him to go to Brazil to find boys for him to adopt. He later modified that statement to "children" to expand Jackson's family." Jackson's lawyer Thomas Mundell said that he had never heard the allegation during the pre-trial investigation and that "it was an effort to smear Mr Jackson with a remark that could be interpreted to hurt him in light of the case against him last year."

Prescient Acquisition Group

On July 31 2006, a federal judge allowed a $48 million claim against Jackson and one of Jackson's trusts (MJ Publishing Trust) for unpaid fees and breach of contract. Prescient Acquisition Group claimed the singer owed fees for the company's help in refinancing his debts and claiming a larger stake in a library of Beatles songs. All parties were ordered to reappear in court in September.

Lavely & Singer

In 2007 the high-profile L.A. firm Lavely & Singer sued Jackson in August to try and recoup what it says is more than $113,000 in unpaid fees.

Discography

Filmography

See also

• Best-selling music artist
• List of artists who reached number one on the Hot 100 (U.S.)
• List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Dance chart
• List of best-selling albums worldwide
• List of best-selling remix albums worldwide
• List of best-selling music artists
• List of most expensive music videos
• List of number-one dance hits (United States)
• List of number-one hits (United States)

References

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13. "Grammy Winners Search". Grammy's official website. Retrieved 2006-11-11.
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15. CBS: Pop Icon Looks Back At A "Thriller" Of A Career In New Interview
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21. "29th Annual American Music Award Winners". Rediff Guide to the Net: Top Awards. January 10 2002. Retrieved 2006-11-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
22. "Michael Jackson and Halle Berry Pick Up Bambi Awards in Berlin". Hello!. November 22 2002. Retrieved 2006-11-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
23. "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum: Hall of Fame: Inductee Detail (Michael Jackson)". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's official website. Retrieved 2006-11-11.
24. "Songwriters Hall of Fame: 2002 Award & Induction Ceremony (Inductee: Michael Jackson)". Songwriters Hall of Fame's official website. Retrieved 2006-11-11.
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38. U.S. Patent 5,255,452;"Method and Means For Creating Anti-Gravity Illusion"; Michael J. Jackson, Michael L. Bush, Dennis Tompkins, issued Oct 26, 1993, Filed June 29, 1992
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41. ^ Pareles, Jon (September 1987). "Critic's Notebook; How Good Is Jackson's 'Bad'?". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-04-19.
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45. Dangerous album credits - booklet included with album
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47. "Michael Jackson Trader". Michael Jackson Trader. Retrieved 2007-21-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
48. HIStory album credits - booklet with credits included with album
49. http://www.michael-jackson-trader.com/tours/historytour.html release of VHS
50. Jackson, Michael; Presley, Lisa Marie (June 14 1995). (Interview). Interviewed by Diane Sawyer http://www.allmichaeljackson.com/interviews/primetimeliveinterview.html. {{cite interview}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |callsign=, |subjectlink=, and |city= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |program= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |subjectlink2= ignored (|subject-link2= suggested) (help)
51. ^ "Debbie Rowe speaks about Michael and Lisa Marie's friendship". November 25 1997. Retrieved 2006-11-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
52. Jackson, Michael (February 3 2003). (Interview). Interviewed by Martin Bashir http://www.mjshouse.com/stories/living_with_mj_transcript.html. {{cite interview}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |callsign=, |subjectlink=, and |city= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |program= ignored (help)
53. "Living with Michael Jackson". mjshouse.com. Retrieved 2007-05-29.
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56. "Michael Jackson's 'Private Home Movies' To Air On Fox". MTV News. April 10 2003. Retrieved 2006-11-19. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
57. Off The Wall Era
58. ^ Taraborrelli, J. Randy (1991). The Magic and the Madness. Headline. ISBN 1-55972-064-6. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
59. 50 Facts about Michael and his famous family
60. Blacks who give something back; more and more celebrities are establishing foundations for serious philanthropy
61. "Jackson's foundation now virtually defunct". MSNBC. March 25 2004. Retrieved 2006-11-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
62. Michael Jackson On WMA 2006 Earls Court
63. Beyond The Dance
64. "Surgeon: Michael Jackson A 'Nasal Cripple'". ABC News. February 8 2003. Retrieved 2006-11-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
65. ^ Jackson, Michael (February 10 1993). (Interview). Interviewed by Oprah Winfrey http://www.allmichaeljackson.com/interviews/oprahinterview.html. {{cite interview}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters: |callsign=, |subjectlink=, and |city= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |program= ignored (help)
66. Jackson, Michael (1988). Moonwalk. Doubleday. ISBN 0-434-37042-8. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
67. "Daddy Jacko Looks Like Mummy Wacko," New York Daily News, December 18, 2007
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70. "Elizabeth Taylor defends Michael on Larry King Live". Retrieved 2006-11-11.
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72. "Who Is Tom Sneddon?". cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2007-05-29.
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74. Michael Jackson: Critical Stage
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77. "Michael Jackson Bailout Said to Be Close". The New York Times. April 13 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
78. "Jackson strikes deal over loans". BBC News. April 14 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
79. "Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' Plans". Fox News. October 17 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-17. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
80. "Workers Barred From Neverland". The Smoking Gun. March 9 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
81. "Demand of Payment of Wages and Penalties Under the Labor Code". The Smoking Gun. Retrieved 2006-11-11.
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83. "Court hears Jackson's frantic phone messages". Daily Mail. July 6 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
84. "Michael Jackson ordered to pay $900,000". MSNBC. July 14 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
85. "Split Decision In Michael Jackson Trial". ABC7. July 15 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
86. "Jackson sent witness 'to adopt boys in Brazil'". Independent Online Edition. July 19 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
87. Reuters (August 1 2006). "News: NY lawsuit against Michael Jackson trust goes ahead". Michael Jackson The King of Pop. Retrieved 2006-11-11. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
88. "Jackson Ordered to Pay Attorneys' Legal Bills". E! News. October 15 2007. Retrieved 2007-10-15. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
89. "The Jackson TV Show". TV.com. Retrieved 2006-11-21.
90. "The Simpsons: Stark Raving Dad". TV.com. Retrieved 2006-11-21.

Further reading

• Jackson, Michael (1988). Moonwalk. Doubleday. ISBN 0-434-37042-8. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
• Taraborrelli, J. Randy (1991). The Magic and the Madness. Headline. ISBN 1-55972-064-6. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
• Taraborrelli, J. Randy (2004). The Magic and the Madness. Headline. ISBN 0-330-42005-4. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
• Jackson, Michael (1992). Dancing The Dream. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-40368-2. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
• Grant, Adrian (1994, 1997, 2002 and 2005). Michael Jackson: The Visual Documentary. Omnibus Press. ISBN 1-84449-432-2. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
• Noonan, Damien (1994). Michael Jackson. Carlton Books. ISBN 1-85797-587-1. {{cite book}}: |format= requires |url= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
• Jackson, Michael (2006). My World, The Official Photobook, Vol. 1. Triumph International. ISBN 0-9768891-1-0. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

External links

• Sony's Official Michael Jackson website
• MJ Licensing, LLC. (Official Michael Jackson Licensing)
• Template:MySpace
• Michael Jackson at IMDb
• MJFC - Michael Jackson Fan Club
• Michael Jackson's UK Fan Club
• Michael Jackson at All Movie Guide
• Template:Amg
• Rock and Roll Hall of Fame page on Michael Jackson
• Songwriters' Hall of Fame page on Michael Jackson
• Template:Dmoz
• Michael Jackson's Family Tree
• Michael Jackson discography at Discogs
• Michael Jackson Collection

Template:Jackson siblings

Template:Persondata

• Jackson family
• Michael Jackson
• 1958 births
• African-American singers
• African-American singer-songwriters
• American choreographers
• American dance musicians
• American dancers
• American disco musicians
• American funk musicians
• American male singers
• American multi-instrumentalists
• American pop singers
• American record producers
• American rhythm and blues singers
• American rock singers
• American funk singers
• American soul singers
• BRIT Award winners
• Falsettos
• Former Jehovah's Witnesses
• Grammy Award winners
• Hollywood Walk of Fame
• Indiana musicians
• Jackson 5 members
• Living people
• Motown artists
• Multi-instrumentalists
• Guinness World Record holders
• People acquitted of sex crimes
• People from Gary, Indiana
• Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees as a Performer
• UK Music Hall of Fame inductees
• Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees
• Sony BMG artists