| Year
|
Name
|
Topics
|
| 1901
|
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
|
"for his discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions"
|
| 1902
|
Hermann Emil Fischer
|
"for his work on sugar and purine syntheses"
|
| 1903
|
Svante August Arrhenius
|
"for his electrolytic theory of dissociation (see ion)"
|
| 1904
|
Sir William Ramsay
|
"for his discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air"
|
| 1905
|
Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer
|
"for his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds"
|
| 1906
|
Henri Moissan
|
"for his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the electric furnace named after him" See:Moissan electric furnace
|
| 1907
|
Eduard Buchner
|
"for his biochemical research and his discovery of cell-free fermentation"
|
| 1908
|
Sir Ernest Rutherford
|
"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances"
|
| 1909
|
Wilhelm Ostwald
|
"his work on catalysis and for his investigations into chemical equilibria and rates of reaction"
|
| 1910
|
Otto Wallach
|
"for his work in the field of alicyclic compounds"
|
| 1911
|
Marie Sklodowska Curie
|
"for her discovery of radium and polonium, and her study of radium"
|
| 1912
|
Victor Grignard,
|
"for his the discovery of the Grignard reagent"
|
| Paul Sabatier
|
"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds"
|
| 1913
|
Alfred Werner
|
"for his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules"
|
| 1914
|
Theodore William Richards
|
"for his determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of elements"
|
| 1915
|
Richard Martin Willstätter
|
"for his research on plant pigments"
|
| 1918
|
Fritz Haber
|
"for his synthesis of ammonia"
|
| 1920
|
Walther Hermann Nernst
|
"for his work in thermochemistry"
|
| 1921
|
Frederick Soddy
|
"for his work on the chemistry of radioactive substances and investigations into isotopes"
|
| 1922
|
Francis William Aston
|
"for his discovery of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his whole-number rule"
|
| 1923
|
Fritz Pregl
|
"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances"
|
| 1925
|
Richard Adolf Zsigmondy
|
"for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and the methods used"
|
| 1926
|
Theodor Svedberg
|
"for his work on disperse systems"
|
| 1927
|
Heinrich Otto Wieland
|
"for his investigations of the bile acids and related substances"
|
| 1928
|
Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus
|
"for his research into sterols and their connection with vitamins"
|
| 1929
|
Arthur Harden, Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin
|
"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes"
|
| 1930
|
Hans Fischer
|
"for his research into haemin and chlorophyll"
|
| 1931
|
Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius
|
"for their contributions to chemical high pressure methods"
|
| 1932
|
Irving Langmuir
|
"for his work in surface chemistry"
|
| 1934
|
Harold Clayton Urey
|
"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen"
|
| 1935
|
Frédéric Joliot, Irene Joliot-Curie
|
"for their synthesis of new radioactive elements"
|
| 1936
|
Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye
|
"for his work on molecular structure through investigations on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases"
|
| 1937
|
Walter Norman Haworth
|
"for his work on carbohydrates and vitamin C"
|
| Paul Karrer
|
"for his work on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2"
|
| 1938
|
Richard Kuhn
|
"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins"
|
| 1939
|
Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt
|
"for his work on sex hormones"
|
| Leopold Ruzicka
|
"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes"
|
| 1943
|
George de Hevesy
|
"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers to study chemical processes"
|
| 1944
|
Otto Hahn
|
"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei"
|
| 1945
|
Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
|
"for his research in agricultural and nutrition chemistry"
|
| 1946
|
James Batcheller Sumner
|
"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized"
|
| John Howard Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley
|
"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form"
|
| 1947
|
Sir Robert Robinson
|
"for his investigations on plant products, especially the alkaloids"
|
| 1948
|
Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius
|
"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis"
|
| 1949
|
William Francis Giauque
|
"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics"
|
| 1950
|
Otto Paul Hermann Diels, Kurt Alder
|
"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis. Diels-Alder reaction."
|
| 1951
|
Edwin Mattison McMillan, Glenn Theodore Seaborg
|
"for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements"
|
| 1952
|
Archer John Porter Martin, Richard Laurence Millington Synge
|
"for their invention of partition chromatography"
|
| 1953
|
Hermann Staudinger
|
"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry"
|
| 1954
|
Linus Carl Pauling
|
"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond"
|
| 1955
|
Vincent du Vigneaud
|
"for his work on sulphur compounds, especially the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone"
|
| 1956
|
Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov (Никола́й Никола́евич Семёнов)
|
"for their research into the mechanism of chemical reactions"
|
| 1957
|
Sir Alexander Todd
|
"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes"
|
| 1958
|
Frederick Sanger
|
"for his work on the structure of proteins, especially insulin"
|
| 1959
|
Jaroslav Heyrovský
|
"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis"
|
| 1960
|
Willard Frank Libby
|
"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination"
|
| 1961
|
Melvin Calvin
|
"for his research on carbon dioxide assimilation in plants"
|
| 1962
|
Max Ferdinand Perutz, John Cowdery Kendrew
|
"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins"
|
| 1963
|
Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta
|
"for their discoveries relating to high polymers"
|
| 1964
|
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
|
"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances"
|
| 1965
|
Robert Burns Woodward
|
"for his achievements in organic synthesis"
|
| 1966
|
Robert Sanderson Mulliken
|
"for his work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules"
|
| 1967
|
Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, George Porter
|
"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions"
|
| 1968
|
Lars Onsager
|
"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name"
|
| 1969
|
Derek Harold Richard Barton, Odd Hassel
|
"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation"
|
| 1970
|
Luis F. Leloir
|
"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates"
|
| 1971
|
Gerhard Herzberg
|
"for his contributions to electronic structure and the geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals"
|
| 1972
|
Christian B. Anfinsen
|
"for his work on ribonuclease"
|
| Stanford Moore, William H. Stein
|
"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the ribonuclease molecule"
|
| 1973
|
Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson
|
"for their work on the chemistry of organometallic compounds"
|
| 1974
|
Paul J. Flory
|
"for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules"
|
| 1975
|
John Warcup Cornforth
|
"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions"
|
| Vladimir Prelog
|
"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions"
|
| 1976
|
William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr.
|
"for his studies on the structure of Boranes"
|
| 1977
|
Ilya Prigogine
|
"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics"
|
| 1978
|
Peter D. Mitchell
|
"for his formulation of the chemiosmotic theory"
|
| 1979
|
Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig
|
"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into reagents in organic synthesis"
|
| 1980
|
Paul Berg
|
"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA"
|
| Walter Gilbert,Frederick Sanger
|
"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids"
|
| 1981
|
Kenichi Fukui (福井謙一), Roald Hoffmann
|
"for their theories concerning the course of chemical reactions"
|
| 1982
|
Aaron Klug
|
"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy"
|
| 1983
|
Henry Taube
|
"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions"
|
| 1984
|
Robert Bruce Merrifield
|
"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix"
|
| 1985
|
Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle
|
"for their achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"
|
| 1986
|
Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee (李遠哲), John C. Polanyi
|
"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"
|
| 1987
|
Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen
|
"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity"
|
| 1988
|
Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel
|
"for their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre"
|
| 1989
|
Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cech
|
"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA"
|
| 1990
|
Elias James Corey
|
"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis"
|
| 1991
|
Richard R. Ernst
|
"for his contributions to the development of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy"
|
| 1992
|
Rudolph A. Marcus
|
"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems"
|
| 1993
|
Kary B. Mullis, Michael Smith
|
"for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry"
|
| 1994
|
George A. Olah
|
"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry"
|
| 1995
|
Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F. Sherwood Rowland
|
"for their work in atmospheric chemistry, in particular ozone depletion"
|
| 1996
|
Robert Curl, Sir Harold Kroto, Richard Smalley
|
"for their discovery of fullerenes"
|
| 1997
|
Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker
|
"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate"
|
| Jens C. Skou
|
"for his discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+K+-ATPase"
|
| 1998
|
Walter Kohn
|
"for his development of the density functional theory"
|
| John A. Pople
|
"for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry"
|
| 1999
|
Ahmed H. Zewail
|
"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy"
|
| 2000
|
Alan J. Heeger, Alan G MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa (白川英樹)
|
"for their discovery and development of conductive polymers"
|
| 2001
|
William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori (野依良治)
|
"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions"
|
| K. Barry Sharpless
|
"for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions"
|
| 2002
|
Kurt Wüthrich, John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka (田中耕一)
|
"for their development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules"
|
| 2003
|
Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon
|
"for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes"
|
| 2004
|
Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose
|
"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"
|
| 2005
|
Robert Grubbs, Richard Schrock and Yves Chauvin
|
"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis"
|
