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The current Dalai Lama is His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso.
Early years
Gyatso was born to a farming family as Lhamo Dhondrub on June 6, 1935, in the village of Taktser in the northeastern region of Tibet. At the age of two the child was recognized as the incarnation of the 13th Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso. Lhamo Dhondrub was, contemporaneously with being elevated to the status of Dalai Lama, renamed Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso ("Holy Lord, Gentle Glory, Compassionate, Defender of the Faith, Ocean of Wisdom"). Tibetans normally refer to His Holiness as Yeshe Norbu, the "Wishfulfilling Gem" or just Kundun - "The Presence."
His Holiness began his monastic education at the age of six. At 23 he sat for his final examination in the Jokhang Temple, Lhasa, during the annual Monlam (prayer) Festival in 1959. He passed with honours and was awarded the Lharampa degree, the highest level geshe degree (a doctorate of Buddhist philosophy).
Political career
The Dali Lama was only able to govern Tibet for a brief time. As well as being the spiritual leader of the Tibet Bhuddists, the Dali Lama is also Tibet's Head of State and sole political ruler. However the spiritual nature of the Tibetian regime caused friction with the emerging Communist-athiest movement in the Chinese mainland.
Mao and the Dalai Lama
His political leadership amongst the Tibetans became important especially after the Chinese invasion of Tibet in 1950. In 1954 he travelled to Beijing to negotiate with Chinese leaders Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Deng Xiaoping; the talk was not fruitful. After an American assisted failed uprising of the Tibetans against People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1959, the 14th Dalai Lama fled to Dharamsala, in India on March 17 of that year.
In 1989, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
On May 14, 1995 the Dalai Lama proclaimed 6-year-old Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as the eleventh reincarnation of the Panchen Lama.
International influence
The Dalai Lama has been important in gaining Western sympathy for Tibetan self-determination. At various times, he has been denounced by the Chinese government as a supporter of Tibetan independence. However, he has stated that he is not necessarily for independence and would not object to a status in which Tibet has internal autonomy while the PRC manages defense and foreign affairs. There have been intermittent and quiet negotiations between the Dalai Lama and the government of the People's Republic of China, but these have generally proven fruitless.
The Dalai Lama has generally wished to discuss the issue of the status of Tibet, while the Chinese government has insisted that negotiations be limited on the conditions of the Dalai Lama's return to Tibet.
Among supporters of the Dalai Lama are a number of Hollywood actors, most notably Richard Gere, Steven Seagal, and the Beastie Boys.
File:Bush Dalai Lama small.jpg
George W. Bush in the White House.
larger size
He speaks English as a second language, which is of great use in gaining international support.
In September, 2003, an interviewer from the New York Times asked about his views on the U.S. led war on Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq, and on terrorism. The Dalai Lama responded "I feel only history will tell. Terrorism is the worst kind of violence, so we have to check it, we have to take countermeasures."
In a recent interview with Reader's Digest, he said he owns an air rifle, which he uses to scare away hawks when they bother his birds.
Writings of the Dalai Lama
- The Art of Happiness, coauthored with Howard C. Cutler, M.D.
- Ethics for the New Millennium
- A Simple Path
Other writings need to be added
Films about the Dalai Lama
Among the films that have been recently made about the 14th Dalai Lama are Kundun and Seven Years in Tibet.
References
- Anti-Defamation League Commends Dalai Lama for Condemning Terrorism
See also
External links
- Interview with the Guardian, 5 September 2003
- Nobel Peace Prize 1989