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The Principality of Neisse (Template:Lang-de) and Duchy of Grottkau, or Duchy of Neisse (Template:Lang-pl, Template:Lang-de) originated as one of the duchies of Silesia. Alongside the Duchy of Siewierz, it was the only episcopal duchy in the region, as it was ruled by a bishop of the Roman Catholic Church.
In 1198 Jarosław Opolski, son of Bolesław I the Tall and also bishop of Breslau, was given the territories near Nysa / Neisse by his father. After Jarosław's death in 1201, Henry I the Bearded decided to leave the area, as well as the castellany of Otmuchów (Ottmachau), under control of the Bishopric of Breslau. In 1290 Henry IV Probus gave the bishops privileges of autonomy on their lands, creating the legal basis for the Principality of Neisse. Henryk z Wierzbna, bishop of Wrocław (1302-1319), was the first to use the title of Duke of Nysa.
Following the Silesian Wars, the Treaty of Breslau of 1741 divided the principality, larger part (1231 km²) becoming part of the Kingdom of Prussia, the smaller (900 km²) remaining with the Austrian-ruled Kingdom of Bohemia. In 1810 the Prussian part was secularized, its autonomy removed and it was incorporated into the Prussian Province of Silesia administrative structure. The small part remaining in the Austrian Empire was likewise secularized in 1850.
Since 1945 the territory is divided between Poland and the Czech Republic, with the local German speaking population having been expelled by both countries.
External links
- The Catholic encyclopedia
- See map: DVCATUS GROTKAVIENSIS
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