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Propaganda in the People's Republic of China refers to the PRC's use of distributing information to the general public.

History

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Taiwan terminology

Both the PRC and the Republic of China government, now located on Taiwan, formally claim to be the sole legitimate government of all China, but neither, in formal contexts, accept the other as a legitimate government or that either Taiwan or mainland China is a sovereign country separate from the other. As such, both have adopted a set of political terminology to refer to the other side, its government, and civil and military offices and officials.

Within the PRC, this policy is strongly adhered to by the government and government-controlled media. For example, as a result of the fact that both the ROC and the PRC adhered to the One-China policy, the PRC is commonly referred to in both Taiwan and the PRC as dalu (simplified Chinese: 大陆; traditional Chinese: 大陸; pinyin: dàlù) meaning "mainland", or the continent; sometimes, as in Hong Kong, it is also referred to as neidi (Chinese: 內地; pinyin: nèidì) meaning "interior territory". In both cases, the terms are used to avoid describing the PRC as "China" and the ROC as "Taiwan", as is commonly done in English. When Taiwan joins international organizations, China forces Taiwan to participate under names other than "Republic of China" or "Taiwan", such as Chinese Taipei or " Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Kinmen and Matsu", in order to avoid describing Taiwan as a country.

See also: Political status of Taiwan

PRC propaganda films

• Red Detachment of Women, a pre-Cultural Revolution-era play, later extolled during the Cultural Revolution, about the women of Hainan Island who rose up in resistance on behalf of the CPC
• Two Stage Sisters
• Grenade War

Famous propaganda songs

Propaganda songs and music have a long and storied history in the PRC and also in Nepal and Pakistan, and they figured prominently in the popular culture of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. Many of these songs were collected and performed as modern rock adaptations for several albums that were released during the 1990s, including "Red Rock" and "Red Sun: Mao Zedong Praise Songs New Revolutionary Medley". The latter sold 6-10 million copies in China (see the external link on "Rethinking Cultural Revolution Culture"). Most of the older songs praise Mao, the CPC, the 1949 revolution, the Chinese Red Army and the People's Liberation Army, the unity of the ethnic groups of China, and the various ethnic groups' devotion to Mao and the CPC.

The titles of some of the more well-known propaganda songs are as follows:

• "Nanniwan" (a 1943 revolutionary song)
• "The East is Red" (the de facto national anthem of the PRC during the Cultural Revolution)
• "Socialism is Good" (pinyin: Shehuizhuyi Hao, Chinese:社会主义好), a modern rock adaptation of which was performed by Zhang Qu and featured on the 1990s album Red Rock (pinyin: Hongse Yaogun, Chinese characters: 红色摇滚).
• "Song of the People's Liberation Army" (pinyin: Zhongguo Renmin Jiefangjun Junge)
• "Battle Hymn of the Chinese People's Volunteers" (pinyin: Zhongguo Renmin Zhiyuanjun Zhange"; Chinese: 中国人民志愿军战歌; a well-known song from the Korean War period)
• "Red Sun Shining Over the Border" (pinyin: Hong Taiyang Zhao Bianjiang; a song from the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province)
• "A Wa People Sing New Songs" (pinyin: A Wa Chang Xin Ge; a song attributed to the Wa ethnic minority of Yunnan Province)
• "Laundry Song" (pinyin: Xiyi Ge; a song celebrating the liberation of Tibet)
• "Liuyang River" (pinyin: Liuyang He; Chinese: 浏阳河; a song about a river near Mao Zedong's hometown of Shaoshan in Hunan Province)
• "Saliha Most Listens to Chairman Mao's Words" (pinyin: Saliha Zui Ting Mao Zhuxi De Hua; a song attributed to the Kazakh minority of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region)
• "The Never-Setting Sun Rises Over the Grassland" (pinyin: Caoyuan Shang Sheng Qi Bu Luo De Taiyang; from Inner Mongolia)
• "Xinjiang is Good" (pinyin: Xinjiang Hao; attributed to the ethnic Uyghurs of Xinjiang)
• "I Love Beijing Tiananmen" (pinyin: Wo Ai Beijing Tiananmen, Chinese characters: 我爱北京天安门; claimed to have been translated into over 50 languages, this song is frequently taught to schoolchildren in the PRC)
• "Zhuang Brocade Dedicated to Chairman Mao" (pinyin: Zhuang Jin Xiangei Mao Zhuxi; a song attributed to the Zhuang ethnic minority of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region)
• "Sweet-Scented Osmanthus Blooms With the Arrival of Happiness" (attributed to the Miao, or Chinese Hmong, ethnic minority group)
• "Generations Remember Chairman Mao's Kindness" (a song celebrating the "liberation" of the ethnic Xibe people)
• "Salaam Chairman Mao" (pinyin: Salamu Mao Zhuxi; a Xinjiang song praising Mao, a modern version of which was performed by Chinese rock singer Dao Lang)
• "Song of Mount Erlangshan" (pinyin: Gechang Erlangshan; a 1950s song celebrating the development of Tibet, which made Mount Erlangshan in western Sichuan Province famous)
• "Story of the Spring" (pinyin: Chuntian De Gushi, Chinese characters: 春天的故事; a song performed by Dong Wenhua, initially at the 1997 CCTV New Year's Gala, days before his death, dedicated to late Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping)
• "The Cultural Revolution is Just Great" (pinyin: Wuchan Jieji Wenhua Da Geming Jiushi Hao, Chinese characters: 无产阶级文化大革命就是好; a song praising the Cultural Revolution)
• "On the Golden Mountains of Beijing" (pinyin: Beijing De Jinshan Shang, Chinese characters: 北京的金山上; a song attributed to the Tibetan people praising Mao as the shining sun)
• "Sing a Song of Praise to the Motherland" (pinyin:Gēchàng Zǔguó; Chinese: 歌唱祖国) This general patriotic song continues to be sung at national and regional celebrations and galas.

Most of the songs listed above are no longer used as propaganda by the CPC, but are exhibited in mainland China as a means of reviving popular nostalgia for the "old times" and sentiments of nationalism/patriotism.

See also

• Censorship in the People's Republic of China
• Media in the People's Republic of China
• Persecution of Falun Gong
• Propaganda in the Republic of China
• Propaganda Poster Art Centre, Shanghai, China
• Western propaganda
• Jin Jing

References

• Min, Anchee, Duo, Duo, Landsberger, Stefan R., Chinese Propaganda Posters, 245 x 370 mm, 320 pp., ISBN 3-8228-2619-7 (softcover)
• Wolf, Michael Chinese Propaganda Posters: From the Collection of Michael Wolf, 2003, ISBN 3-8228-2619-7
• Harriet Evans, Stephanie Donald (eds.), Picturing Power in the People's Republic of China, ISBN 0-8476-9511-5
• Stefan Landsberger, Chinese Propaganda Posters: From Revolution to Reform, ISBN 90-5496-009-4
• Hunter, Edward. Brain-washing in Red China: the calculated destruction of men's minds. New York, N.Y., USA.: Vanguard Press, 1951, 1953,
• Lincoln Cushing and Ann Tompkins, Chinese Posters: Art from the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, San Francisco, CA : Chronicle Books, 2007, ISBN 978-0-8118-5946-2

External links

• Morning Sun: A Film and Website about the Cultural Revolution
• Maopost.com: Vintage Chinese Propaganda Posters
• Stefan Landsberger's Chinese Propaganda Poster Pages
• Rethinking Cultural Revolution Culture
• Jon Sigurdson’s Collection of Posters 1963-1983
• University of Westminster Collection
• Ann Tompkins (Tang Fandi) and Lincoln Cushing Chinese Poster Collection
• Artemoto Collection of Chinese Propaganda Posters
• Chinese Propaganda posters

• Propaganda in the People's Republic of China