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Bardylis

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Dardanians prior to Roman conquest

Bardyllis ( Greek Βάρδυλις, Βάρδυλλις, Latin Bardullis) was an Illyrian king of the Dardanii He ruled from 385 to 358 BC , founding the Illyrian dynasty of the Dardanian kingdom.

Name

Polybius calls Bardyllis "Βάρδυλλις ο των Ίλλυριων" and Cicero calls him "Bardullis Illyrius". Modern belief traditionally connects the name Bardyllis with with the Albanian words bardhë meaning white and yll meaning star. The true meaning and origin of the name "Bardyllis" remain unknown.

Life

Bardyllis' background was apparently in coal mining. He took land from the kingdom of Macedon, killing Perdiccas. and expelling Amyntas.

In 385 BC, the Molossians were attacked by Illyrians allied with and aided by Dionysius of Syracuse to place Alcetas that was a refugee in his court to the throne. Dionysius planned to control all the Ionian Sea. Sparta had intervened as soon as the events became known and expelled the Illyrians who were led by Bardyllis. Despite being aided by 2000 Greek hoplites and five hundred suits of Greek armour, the Illyrians were defeated by the Spartans led by Agesilaus but not before ravaging the region and killing 15,000 Molossians.

Grabos became the most powerful Illyrian king after the death of Bardyllis in 358 BC. Bardyllis had a grandson named Cleitus the Illyrian, a daughter named Bircenna, and a son named Bardyllis II.

Bardyllis was ultimately killed by Phillip of Macedon in battle after he offered peace based on retaining conquered lands (this was rejected by Phillip).

See also

References

  1. Diodorus Siculus. Library. Book 16.4.4.1.
  2. ^ Polybius. Historiae. Book 38.6.4.2.
  3. Cicero De off.II 40,"Bardullis Illyrius"
  4. The Illyrians: history and culture History and Culture Series Author Aleksandar Stipčević Editor Aleksandar Stipčević Edition illustrated Publisher Noyes Press, 1977 ISBN 0-8155-5052-9, 9780815550525 Length 291 pages, page 48
  5. Epirus: the geography, the ancient remains, the history and topography of Epirus and adjacent areas Author Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière Hammond Edition braille Publisher Clarendon P., 1967 University of Michigan Length 847 pages, page 278
  6. Cicero De off.II 40,"Bardullis Illyrius"
  7. An Albanian historical grammar Author Stuart Edward Mann Publisher Buske, 1977 ISBN 3871182621, 9783871182624 p.iii link
  8. Hodgkinson, Harry (1955). The Adriatic Sea. Cape.
  9. Trésors d'art albanais: icônes byzantines et post-byzantines du XIIe au XIXe siècle. Musée national Message biblique Marc Chagall. 1993. p. 22.
  10. Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, p. 120, ISBN 0-631-19807-5.
  11. Buckley, Terry. Aspects of Greek History 750–323 BC: A Sourced-Based Approach, 1996, p. 469, ISBN 0-415-09957-9. A decisive victory over the Illyrians and their king Bardhullë led to their total withdrawal from Macedonian territory.
  12. Orrieux, Claude. A History Of Ancient Greece, 1999, p. 256, ISBN 0-631-20309-5. Perdiccas III (368–359) tried to reconquer upper Macedonia from the Illyrians under Bardylis, but the expedition ended in disaster, with the king killed.
  13. Buckley, Terry. Aspects of Greek History 750–323 BC: A Sourced-Based Approach, 1996, p. 468, ISBN 0-415-09958-7. King Perdiccas and 4,000 Macedonians had been killed in battle by the Illyrians under their king Bardylis.
  14. Whitehorne, John. Cleopatras, 2001, p. 27, ISBN 0-415-26132-5. ...only to see his newly won kingdom invaded by a powerful group of Illyrian tribes led by Bardylis. Chased from Macedon and lacking the necessary strength to expel the Illyrians unaided, it is surely no coincidence that Amyntas...
  15. Hammond, N. G. L. A History of Greece to 322 B.C., 1986, p. 479, ISBN 0-19-873095-0. ...Molossi, Alcetas, who was a refugee at his court, Dionysius sent a supply of arms and 2,000 troops to the Illyrians, who burst into Epirus and slaughtered 15,000 Molossians. Sparta intervened as soon as they had learned of the events and expelled the Illyrians, but Alcetas had regained his...
  16. Hammond, N. G. L. A History of Greece to 322 B.C., 1986, p. 470, ISBN 0-19-873095-0. Sparta had the alliance of Thessaly, Macedonia, and Molossia in Epirus, which she had helped to stave off an Illyrian invasion.
  17. Diodorus Siculus. Library, Book 15.13.1.
  18. Boardman, John. The Cambridge Ancient History, 1923, p. 428, ISBN 0-521-23348-8. Bardyllis who seize power and set himself up as king of the Dardani...Forming and alliance with Dionysius tyrant of Syracuse he killed 15,000 Molossians.
  19. Harding, Philip. From the End of the Peloponnesian War to the Battle of Ipsus, 1985, p. 93, ISBN 0-521-29949-7. Grabos became the most powerful Illyrian king after the death of Bardylis in 358.
  20. The Ancient Library — Bardyllis
  21. "The Journal of Hellenic Studies by Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies (London, England)", 1973, p. 79. Cleitus was evidently the son of Bardylis II the grandson of the very old Bardylis who had fallen in battle against Phillip II in 385 BC.
  22. Woodward, B. B. Encyclopedia of Great Events, Places and Personalities, 1993, p. 175, ISBN 81-85066-57-4. "BARDYLIS, king of, defeated and killed by Philip of Macedonia, 359 — CLEITUS, his son, revolts from Alexander and is subdued.
  23. Borza, Eugene N. In the Shadow of Olympus: The Emergence of Macedon, 1990, p. 202, ISBN 0-691-00880-9. The Illyrian king Bardylis offered peace based upon a status quo, but Philip insisted on an Illyrian withdrawal from the region.

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