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Revision as of 11:02, 22 March 2006 by Angela (talk | contribs) (Reverted edits by 82.198.250.80 (talk) to last version by Consulrjo)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) Football club| Manchester United's emblem | |||
| Full name | Manchester United | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nickname(s) | Red Devils | ||
| Founded | 1878, as Newton Heath LYR F.C. | ||
| Ground | Old Trafford, Trafford, Greater Manchester | ||
| Capacity | 68,936 (expansion to 76,000 in progress expected completion: 2006) | ||
| Chairman | n/a | ||
| Manager |  Sir Alex Ferguson | ||
| League | FA Premier League | ||
| 2004-05 | Premier League, 3rd | ||
| |||
Manchester United Football Club is an English football club, based at Old Trafford Football Ground located just outside the city boundaries of Manchester. The club is one of the most successful clubs in England, having won the FA Premier League/Football League fifteen times, FA Cup eleven times and the European Cup twice. The club has had the highest average attendance in English football for the majority of the past fifty seasons.
The club was formed as Newton Heath (L&YR) F.C. in 1878 as the works team of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway depot at Newton Heath. After nearing bankruptcy in 1902, the club was taken over by J.H. Davies who changed its name to Manchester United. United appointed Sir Matt Busby as manager after the Second World War, and his then-unheard-of policy of producing most of the players through the club's youth team brought great success, with the club winning the Football League in 1956 and 1957. This success was halted by the Munich air disaster of 1958, in which eight of the club's players died. It was thought that the club might fold, but instead went on to win the football league in 1965 and 1967, and the European Cup in 1968.
The club did not see success again until the 1990s and early 2000s, when Alex Ferguson guided it to eight league championships in eleven years, most recently in the 2002-3 season, however. In 1999, Manchester United became the only team to win the UEFA Champions League, FA Premier League and the FA Cup in the same season. The club had been run as a Public Limited Company since 1991, and an attempted takeover by Rupert Murdoch had been blocked by the British Government in 1999, but in 2005 Malcolm Glazer completed a hostile takeover of the club.
History
Early years (1878-1945)
Main article: Manchester United pre-1945
The club was formed as Newton Heath (Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway) (Newton Heath (L&YR) for short) by a group of Manchester railway workers in 1878. The name was soon shortened to Newton Heath, and became known locally as 'the Heathens' (hence the later nickname of 'the Red Devils'). They were founder members of the Football Alliance in 1889 and joined the Football League in 1892 when it merged with the Football Alliance.
The earliest known film of Manchester United is the 2–0 victory at Burnley on 6 December 1902, filmed by Mitchell and Kenyon.
The club faced bankruptcy in 1902 and fortunately was rescued by J.H. Davies who paid off the club's debts and changed the name to Manchester United, changing the team's colours from gold and green to match those of Liverpool Football Club. With their new name, they won the league in 1908 and the FA Cup on April 26, 1909 against Bristol City at Crystal Palace. Then with financial assistance from Davies, United moved from Bank Street to a new stadium at Old Trafford in 1910. They won the Championship for the second time in 1911.
The Busby years (1945-1969)
Main article: Manchester United 1945-1969
Matt Busby was appointed manager in 1945 and took a then-unheard of approach to his job, joining the players for training as well as performing administrative tasks. He was immediately successful, with the club finishing second in the league in 1947 and winning the FA Cup in 1948.
He adopted a policy of bringing in players from the youth team whenever possible, and the team won the league in 1956 with an average age of only 22. The following season, they won the league again and reached the FA Cup final, losing to Aston Villa. They also became the first English team to compete in the European Cup, and reached the semi-final.
Tragedy struck the following season, when the plane carrying the team home from a European Cup match crashed on take off at a refuelling stop in Munich. The Munich air disaster of 6 February, 1958 claimed the lives of eight players and another fifteen passengers. There was talk of the club folding but, with Jimmy Murphy taking over as manager while Matt Busby recovered from his injuries, the club continued playing with a makeshift side. They somehow reached the FA Cup final again, where they lost to Bolton.
Busby rebuilt the team throughout the early 1960s, signing players such as Denis Law and Pat Crerand. The team won the FA Cup in 1963, then won the league in 1965 and 1967 and the European Cup in 1968, the first English Club to do so. This team was notable for containing three European Footballers of the Year: Bobby Charlton, Denis Law and George Best. Busby resigned as manager in 1969 and was replaced by the reserve-team coach and former United player Wilf McGuinness.
1969-1986
Main article: Manchester United 1969-1986
United struggled to replace Busby, and the team struggled under Wilf McGuinness and Frank O'Farrell before Tommy Docherty became manager at the end of 1972. Docherty, or 'the Doc', saved United from relegation that season but United were relegated in 1974. The team won promotion at the first attempt and reached the FA Cup final in 1976, but were beaten by Southampton. They reached the final again in 1977, luckily beating Liverpool. In spite of this success, and his popularity with the supporters, Docherty was sacked soon after the final when he was found to have had an affair with the physiotherapist's wife!
Dave Sexton replaced Docherty as manager in the summer of 1977, and made the team play in a more defensive formation. This style was unpopular with supporters, who were used to the attacking football preferred by Docherty and Busby, and after failing to win a trophy Sexton was sacked in 1981.
He was replaced by the flamboyant Ron Atkinson who immediately broke the British record transfer fee to sign Bryan Robson from West Brom. Atkinson's team featured new signings such as Jesper Olsen and Gordon Strachan playing alongside the former youth-team players Norman Whiteside and Mark Hughes. United won the FA Cup in 1983 and 1985 and were overwhelming favourites to win the league in the 1985-86 season after winning their first ten league games, opening a ten-point gap over their rivals as early as October. The team's form collapsed, however, and United finished the season in fourth place. The poor form continued into the following season, and with United on the edge of the First Division's relegation zone, Atkinson was sacked.
The Alex Ferguson era, pre-Treble (1986-1998)
Main article: Manchester United 1986-1998
Alex Ferguson replaced Atkinson and guided the club to an 11th place finish. The following season (1987-88), United finished second, with Brian McClair becoming the first United player since George Best to score twenty league goals in a season.
However, United struggled badly throughout 1989 and were nearly relegated, with many of Ferguson's signings not reaching the expectations of the fans. There was hope that Ferguson would be sacked at the beginning of 1990 but a win in the third round of the FA Cup over Nottingham Forest kept the season alive and United went on to win the competition, beating Crystal Palace on a replay in the final.
United won the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1990-91, beating that season's Spanish champions Barcelona in the final, but the following season was a disappointment for United as a late season slump saw them miss out on the league to rivals Leeds United. Meanwhile in 1991 the club had floated on the London Stock Exchange with a valuation of £18 million, thus bringing its finances into the public eye as never before.
The arrival of Eric Cantona in November 1992 provided the crucial spark for United, and they finished the 1992-93 season as Champions for the first time since 1967. They won the double (the league and the FA Cup) for the first time the following season, but legendary manager and club president Matt Busby died that year, on 20 January, 1994.
In 1994-95, Cantona received an eight month suspension for jumping into the crowd and assulting Crystal Palace supporter Matthew Simmons, in United's game at Selhurst Park. Drawing their last league match and losing to Everton in the FA Cup final left United as runners-up in both the league and FA Cup. Ferguson then outraged the supporters by selling key players and replacing them with players from the club's youth team, including David Beckham and Paul Scholes. The new players, several of whom quickly became regular internationals, did surprisingly well and United won the double again in 1995-96.
They won the league in 1997, and Eric Cantona, announced his retirement from football at the age of 30. They started the following season (1997-98) well, but they finished the season in second place, behind the double winning champions Arsenal.
The Treble (1998-99)
Main article: Manchester United 1998-1999
1998-99 was when Manchester United had the most successful season in English club football history as they became the first English team to win The Treble - UEFA Champions League, Premier League and FA Cup in the same season. In the final match of that season they defeated Bayern Munich in the Champions League Final 2-1, scoring two goals in injury time. Ferguson was subsequently knighted for his services to football.
After The Treble (1999-present)
Main article: Manchester United 1999-present
United won the league in 2000 and 2001 but the press saw these seasons as failures as they failed to regain the European Cup. Ferguson adopted more defensive tactics to make United harder to beat in Europe but it was not a success and United finished the season in third place in 2002. They regained the league the following season (2002-03) and started the following season well, but their form dropped significantly when Rio Ferdinand received an eight month suspension for missing a drugs test. They did win the 2004 F.A. Cup, however, knocking out Arsenal (that season's eventual champions) on their way to the final.
The 2004-05 season was characterised by a failure to score goals, mainly due to the injury of striker Ruud van Nistelrooy and United finished the season trophyless and in third place in the league. This time, even the "consolation prize" of the F.A. Cup eluded them as Arsenal beat United on penalties after a goalless match. Off the pitch, the main story was the possibility of the club being taken over and at the end of the season, Tampa businessman Malcolm Glazer acquired a controlling interest in the club. United made a poor start to the 2005-06 season, with midfielder Roy Keane leaving the club to join his boyhood heroes Celtic after publicly criticising several of his teammates, and the club failed to qualify for the knock-out phase of the UEFA Champions League for the first time in over a decade. However, they were prevented from being left empty handed in successive seasons by winning the 2006 League Cup beating newly promoted Wigan.
The Malcolm Glazer takeover
Main article: Malcolm Glazer takeover of Manchester United
On May 13, 2005, businessman Malcolm Glazer acquired a controlling interest in the club in a takeover valuing it at approximately £800 million ($1.47 billion). On May 16, he increased his share to the 75% necessary to delist the club from the Stock Exchange, taking it private again, and announced his intention to do so within 20 days. On 7 June he appointed his sons Joel, Avram, and Bryan to the P.L.C. board of Manchester United. With Joel, Avram and Bryan appointed as a non-executive directors. It was for a while expected that Joel would be installed as the new Chairman, however that never happened. At the same time Sir Roy Gardner resigned his position as Chairman of the P.L.C. board, along with non-executive directors Jim O'Neill and Ian Much who also resigned. Leaving Manchester United with no chairman at all. Malcolm Glazer also re-appointed Andy Anson as Commercial Director after voting him off the board at the previous AGM. He also Retained Chief Executive David Gill and Finance Director Nick Humby in their current positions.
Manchester United Football Club are now a private company; however, they still have a P.L.C. board as well as a Football board.
Support
Before the Second World War, few English football supporters travelled to away games because of the time and cost. As United and City played home matches on alternate Saturdays, many Mancunians would watch United one week and City the next. After the war, a stronger rivalry developed and it became more common for a supporter to choose one team to follow exclusively.
When United won the league in 1956, they had the highest average home attendance in the league, a record that had been held by Newcastle for the previous few years. Following the Munich air disaster in 1958, more people from outside Manchester began to support United and, as travel became quicker and cheaper, many started to go to matches. This swelled United’s support and is one reason why United have had the highest league attendances in English football for almost every season since then, even as a second division side in 1974-75.
A 2002 report, Do You Come From Manchester? indicate that Manchester City have a higher proportion of season ticket holders living in the Manchester area, although they sold fewer season tickets overall.
In the late 1990s and early part of the 2000s, an increasing source of concern for many United supporters was the possibility of the club being taken over. The supporters’ group IMUSA (Independent Manchester United Supporters' Association) were extremely active in opposing a proposed takeover by Rupert Murdoch in 1999. Another pressure group, Shareholders United Against Murdoch (which became Shareholders United and is now the Manchester United Supporters Trust) was formed at around this time to encourage supporters to buy shares in the club, partly to enable supporters to have a greater say in the issues that concern them, such as ticket prices and allocation, and partly to reduce the risk of an unwanted party buying enough shares to take over the club. However, this scheme failed to prevent Malcolm Glazer from becoming the majority shareholder in the club. Many supporters were outraged, and some formed a new club called F.C. United of Manchester. The new club plays in the North West Counties League Second Division, and attracts an average attendance of almost 3000.
Although the full effects of Glazer's takeover on the club's support are not yet known, the club has claimed a record number of season ticket sales, however, given the many empty seats in the ground in some European games and lack of freedom of information from the club, this is as yet unverified.
Board of Directors
- Owner:
Malcolm Glazer - Life-President:
Martin Edwards - Chief Executive: David Gill
- Group Finance Director: Nick Humby
- Group Commercial Director: Andy Anson
- Non-Executive Director: Joel Glazer
- Non-Executive Director: Bryan Glazer
- Non-Executive Director: Avram Glazer
Current squad
As of March 1, 2006 Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Out on loan
- Jonathan Spector (on loan to Charlton)
Liam Miller (on loan to Leeds United)- Chris Eagles (on loan to Watford)
- Paul McShane (on loan to Brighton)
- Eddie Johnson (on loan to Crewe Alexandra)
- Ben Foster (on loan to Watford)
- Phil Bardsley (on loan to Burnley)
- Phil Picken (on loan to Chesterfield)
Mads Timm (on loan to Walsall)
- Tommy Lee (on loan to Macclesfield Town)
- Sylvan Ebanks-Blake (on loan to Royal Antwerp)
- Adam Eckersley (on loan to Royal Antwerp)
- Thomas Heaton (on loan to Royal Antwerp)
- Lee Martin (on loan to Royal Antwerp)
- Danny Simpson (on loan to Royal Antwerp)
Dong Fangzhuo (on loan to Royal Antwerp)
Souleymane Mamam (on loan to Royal Antwerp)
David Bellion (on loan to Nice)
- David Jones (on loan to NEC Nijmegen)
Reserves
Academy
Main article: Manchester United F.C. Academy
Backroom Staff
Coaching Staff
- Manager: Sir Alex Ferguson
- Assistant Manager:
Carlos Queiroz - First Team Coach: Mike Phelan
- Goalkeeping Coach: Tony Coton
- Fitness Coach:
Valter di Salvo - Reserve Team Manager:
René Meulensteen
Academy Coaching Staff
- Director of Youth Academy: Les Kershaw
- Director of Youth Academy Designate: Brian McClair
- Director of Youth Football: Jimmy Ryan
- Assistant Director of Youth Academy for 17 - 21 Year olds: Paul McGuinness
- Assistant Director of Youth Academy for 9 - 16 Year olds: Tony Whelan
- Under 18's Coach: Paul McGuinness
- Under 13-16's Coach: Mark Dempsey
- Under 11-12's Coach: Tony Whelan
- Under 9-10's Coach: Eamon Mulvey
- Skills Development Coach: René Meulensteen
- Direcor of Goalkeeping Training: Richard Hartis
Medical Staff
- Club Doctor: Dr. Mike Stone
- Assistant Club Doctor: Dr. Tony Gill
- Head Physiotherapist: Robert Swire
- Reserve Team Physiotherapist: Neil Hough
- Academy Physiotherapists: Mandy Johnson, John Davin, Richard Merren
- Masseur: Garry Armer
- Assistant Masseur: Rod Thornley
- Club Dietician: Trevor Lea
Kit Managers
- Kit Manager: Albert Morgan
- Assistant Kit Manager: Alec Wylie
- Youth Academy Kit Manager: Ian Buckingham
Noted former players
See Also: List of Manchester United players and Category:Manchester United F.C. players
Managerial history
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Honours
- First Division and Premier League titles: 15
- Champions in: 1908, 1911, 1952, 1956, 1957, 1965, 1967, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003
- Football League Second Division 2
- Winners:1936, 1975
- FA Cup 11¹
- Winners:1909, 1948, 1963, 1977, 1983, 1985, 1990, 1994, 1996, 1999, 2004
- League Cup 2
- Winners:1992, 2006
- UEFA Champions League 2
- Winners:1967-68, 1998-99
- UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 1
- Winners:1991
- Intercontinental Cup 1¹
- Winners:1999
- European Super Cup 1
- Winners:1991
- FA Community Shield 15¹
- Winners:1908, 1911, 1952, 1956, 1957, 1965*, 1967*, 1977*, 1983, 1990*, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2003 (* joint holders)
- BBC Sports Personality of the Year Team Award 2
- Winners:1968, 1999
Records
- Record League Victory: 10-1 v Wolves, Division 1, 15 October 1892
- Record Premiership Victory: 9-0 Ipswich Town 4th March 1995
- Record Cup Victory: 10-0 v Anderlecht, Champions Cup, Preliminary Round, 26 September 1956
- Record away win: 8-1 v Nottingham Forest February 1999
- Record League Defeat: 0-7 v Blackburn Rovers, Division 1, 10 April 1926
- Record Cup Defeat: 1-7 v Burnley, FA Cup, 1st Round, 13 February 1901
- Most Appearances : Bobby Charlton 754
- Most Goals scored : 247 Bobby Charlton
- Most League Goals: 199 Bobby Charlton, 1956-73
- Most League Goals in a Season: 32 Dennis Viollet, Division 1, 1959-60
- Most Goals scored in a Match: 6 George Best v Northampton Town, 7th February 1970
- Most Capped Player: Bobby Charlton, 106 England
- Most League Appearances: 606 Bobby Charlton, 1956-73
- Record League Attendance: Old Trafford 70,504 v Aston Villa, Division 1, 27 December 1920
- Record 'home' League Attendance: Maine Road 83,250 v Arsenal, Division 1, 7 January 1948
- Record Attendance Old Trafford: 76,962, Wolves v Grimsby Town, FA Cup, semi-final, 25 March 1939
- Longest unbeaten Run : (All competitions) 45, December 24 1998 to October 3 1999
- Most League Goals in a season; 103 1956/57, 1958/59
- Most points in a season: 92 from 42 games 1993/94; 91 from 38 games 2000/01
Performance in the top division
Manchester United have spent 79 seasons in the national top flight (only Everton, Aston Villa, Liverpool, and Arsenal have more seasons at top level), finishing in these positions:
| 1st | 15 | 12th | 2 |
| 2nd | 12 | 13th | 4 |
| 3rd | 6 | 14th | 2 |
| 4th | 7 | 15th | 2 |
| 5th | 2 | 16th | 2 |
| 6th | 2 | 17th | 1 |
| 7th | 2 | 18th | 3 |
| 8th | 6 | 19th | 1 |
| 9th | 3 | 20th | 0 |
| 10th | 1 | 21st | 2 |
| 11th | 3 | 22nd | 2 |
United are one of three clubs (the others being Liverpool and Arsenal) that have finished first more often than in any other one table spot in the top division.
See also
Supporters' organisations
- IMUSA
- Shareholders United
- MUSCC
Fanzines
- Red Issue
- United We Stand
- Red News
External links
- Official
- Independent media sites
- Manchester United F.C. on BBC Sport: Club news – Recent results and fixtures
- Manchester Evening News
- Football365's Manchester United coverage
- 4thegame.com's Manchester United Section
- Manchester United on Yanks Abroad
Notes
- "Tony Kempster's English football website". Retrieved January 3.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Unknown parameter|accessyear=ignored (|access-date=suggested) (help) - Up until 1992, the top division of English football was the Football League First Division; since then, it has been the FA Premier League.
- The second division became the first division upon the formation of the Premier League and then the Championship.
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